In October 2024, the public debt of the United States was around 35.46 trillion U.S. dollars, a slight decrease from the previous month. The U.S. public debt ceiling has become one of the most prominent political issues in the States in recent years, with debate over how to handle it causing political turmoil between Democrats and Republicans. The public debt The public debt of the United States has risen quickly since 2000, and in 2022 was more than five times higher than in 2000. The public debt is the total outstanding debt that is owed by the federal government. This figure comprises debt owed to the public (for example, through bonds) and intergovernmental debt (debt owed to various governmental departments), such as Social Security. Debt in Politics The debt issue has become a highly contentious topic within the U.S. government. Measures such as stimulus packages, social programs and tax cuts add to the public debt. Additionally, spending tends to peak during large global events, such as the Great Depression, the 2008 financial crisis, or the COVID-19 pandemic - all of which had a detrimental impact on the U.S. economy. Although both major political parties in the U.S. tend to blame one another for increases in the country's debt, a recent analysis found that both parties have contributed almost equally to national expenditure. Debate on raising the debt ceiling, or the amount of debt the federal government is allowed to have at any one time, was a leading topic in the government shutdown in October 2013. Despite plans from both Democrats and Republicans on how to lower the national debt, it is only expected to increase over the next decade.

In September 2023, the national debt of the United States had risen up to 33.17 trillion U.S. dollars. The national debt per capita had risen to 85,552 U.S. dollars in 2021. As represented by the statistic above, the public debt of the United States has been continuously rising.

U.S. public debt Public debt, also known as national and governmental debt, is the debt owed by a nations’ central government. In the case of the U.S., national debt is owed by the federal government to Treasury security holders. Generally speaking, government debt increases with government spending, and can be decreased through taxes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government increased spending significantly to finance virus infrastructure, aid, and various forms of economic relief.

International public debt

Venezuela leads the global ranking of the 20 countries with the highest public debt in 2021. In relation to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Venezuela's public debt amounted to around 306.95 percent of GDP. Eritrea was ranked fifth, with an estimated debt of 170 percent of the Gross Domestic Product.

The national debt of the United Kingdom is forecasted to grow from 87 percent in 2022 to 70 percent in 2027, in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. These figures include England, Wales, Scotland as well as Northern Ireland.

Greece had the highest national debt among EU countries as of the 4th quarter of 2020 in relation to the Gross Domestic Product. Germany ranked 13th in the EU, with its national debt amounting to 69 percent of GDP in the same time period.

Tuvalu was one of the 20 countries with the lowest national debt in 2021 in relation to the GDP, while Macao had an estimated level of national debt of zero percent, the lowest of any country. The data refer to the debts of the entire state, including the central government, the provinces, municipalities, local authorities and social insurance.

The United States recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 124.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - United States Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Argentina National Government Debt

• Argentina National Government Debt reached 460.1 USD bn in Sep 2024, compared with 442.5 USD bn in the previous quarter.
• Argentina National Government Debt data is updated quarterly, available from Dec 1994 to Sep 2024.
• The data reached an all-time high of 460.1 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 74.6 USD bn in Dec 1994.

• In the latest reports, Argentina Consolidated Fiscal Balance recorded a deficit equal to 0.2 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024.
• The country's Government debt accounted for 80.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2023.
• Argentina Nominal GDP reached 150.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Credit card debt in the United States has been growing at a fast pace between 2021 and 2024. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the overall amount of credit card debt reached its highest value throughout the timeline considered here. COVID-19 had a big impact on the indebtedness of Americans, as credit card debt decreased from 927 billion U.S. dollars in the last quarter of 2019 to 770 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter of 2021. What portion of Americans use credit cards? A substantial portion of Americans had at least one credit card in 2024. That year, the penetration rate of credit cards in the United States was 67 percent. This number increased by nearly seven percentage points since 2014. The primary factors behind the high utilization of credit cards in the United States are a prevalent culture of convenience, a wide range of reward schemes, and consumer preferences for postponed payments. Which companies dominate the credit card issuing market? In 2023, the leading credit card issuers in the U.S. by volume were JPMorgan Chase & Co. and American Express. Both firms recorded transactions worth over one trillion U.S. dollars that year. Citi and Capital One were the next banks in that ranking, with the transactions made with their credit cards amounting to over half a trillion U.S. dollars that year. Those industry giants, along with other prominent brand names in the industry such as Bank of America, Synchrony Financial, Wells Fargo, and others, dominate the credit card market. Due to their extensive customer base, appealing rewards, and competitive offerings, they have gained a significant market share, making them the preferred choice for consumers.

The monthly personal saving rate in the United States fluctuated considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the year 2020, households' saving rate in the United States peaked in April at 33.8 percent. As of October 2022, personal savings in the United States amounted to 2.3 percent of Americans' disposable income, back to pre-pandemic levels.

Descriptive statistics and means comparison tests for respondents who report loneliness and those who do not; control measures.

Outstanding corporate debt securities in the United States have been trending upwards since the first quarter of 2018, with this growth accelerating with the onset of the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. From a total of almost 20 trillion U.S. dollars in the first quarter 2018, by the second quarter of 2022 this value had climbed to approximately 24.3 trillion U.S. dollars.

Coefficients of OLS regression of loneliness on liquidity constraints, actions taken and plans changed, and interaction terms.

The unemployment rate in fiscal year 2204 rose to 3.9 percent. The unemployment rate of the United States which has been steadily decreasing since the 2008 financial crisis, spiked to 8.1 percent in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The annual unemployment rate of the U.S. since 1990 can be found here. Falling unemployment The unemployment rate, or the part of the U.S. labor force that is without a job, fell again in 2022 after peaking at 8.1 percent in 2020 - a rate that has not been seen since the years following the 2008 financial crisis. The financial crash caused unemployment in the U.S. to soar from 4.6 percent in 2007 to 9.6 percent in 2010. Since 2010, the unemployment rate had been steadily falling, meaning that more and more people are finding work, whether that be through full-time employment or part-time employment. However, the affects of the COVID-19 pandemic created a spike in unemployment across the country. U.S. unemployment in comparison Compared to unemployment rates in the European Union, U.S. unemployment is relatively low. Greece was hit particularly hard by the 2008 financial crisis and faced a government debt crisis that sent the Greek economy into a tailspin. Due to this crisis, and the added impact of the pandemic, Greece still has the highest unemployment rate in the European Union.

Coefficients of regression of loneliness and liquidity constraints on reopened status in a state.

Debt Management Services Market Outlook

The global debt management services market size was valued at USD 10.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 24.8 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.6% during the forecast period. The escalating consumer debt levels and the need for efficient debt handling are significant growth factors driving this market. With rising personal and corporate debt incidences globally, the demand for professional debt management services is poised to see substantial growth in the upcoming years.

A primary growth factor in the debt management services market is the increasing consumer debt, particularly in developed nations like the United States and several European countries. Over the past few years, there has been a notable surge in credit card debts, student loans, and mortgages. This trend has compelled individuals to seek professional intervention for managing and consolidating their debt burdens. Moreover, the aftermath of economic downturns and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated financial instability, making debt management services crucial for many. As economies recover, the necessity for structured and effective debt relief mechanisms is anticipated to further fuel market growth.

Another significant driver is the rising awareness about the benefits of debt management services among individuals and businesses. Awareness campaigns and financial literacy programs by governments and financial institutions play a pivotal role in educating the masses about prudent debt management. These services not only help in debt reduction but also in managing credit scores, avoiding bankruptcy, and creating feasible repayment plans. This growing awareness is likely to sustain the demand for debt management services across different customer segments.

In the realm of debt management, understanding the intricacies of Credit Scores, Credit Reports & Credit Check Services is paramount. These components play a crucial role in determining an individual's financial health and borrowing capacity. Credit scores, which are numerical representations of a person's creditworthiness, influence the terms and conditions of loans and credit facilities. Regular monitoring of credit reports helps in identifying discrepancies and taking corrective measures to maintain a healthy credit profile. Credit check services, offered by various financial institutions, provide insights into an individual's credit history, enabling better financial planning and management. As individuals become more aware of these services, they are better equipped to manage their debts and improve their financial standing.

The advent of digitalization and technological advancements has also had a favorable impact on the debt management services market. The integration of AI and machine learning into debt management tools has revolutionized the way these services are delivered. Automated systems for monitoring and managing debts, personalized debt reduction plans, and online debt advisory services have made it easier for consumers to access and utilize these services. Additionally, mobile applications for debt tracking and management have gained immense popularity, particularly among younger demographics, thereby driving the market growth.

Regionally, North America dominates the debt management services market, owing to high consumer indebtedness and a well-established financial advisory sector. However, emerging economies in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions are witnessing rapid growth in this market. The increasing middle-class population, rising disposable incomes, and growing awareness about financial literacy are key growth catalysts in these regions. Furthermore, government initiatives to promote financial stability and manage public debt are expected to bolster the market in these regions.

Service Type Analysis

The debt management services market is segmented by service type into debt consolidation, debt settlement, credit counseling, and bankruptcy services. Debt consolidation services involve combining multiple debts into a single, more manageable payment plan. This service is particularly appealing to individuals with multiple high-interest loans, as it simplifies the debt repayment process and can reduce the overall interest paid. The growing complexity of personal finance and the proliferation of credit products have made debt consolidation a highly sought-after servic

As of December 30, 2024, 14 economies reported a negative value for their ten year minus two year government bond yield spread: Ukraine with a negative spread of 1,370 percent; Turkey, with a negative spread of 1332 percent; Nigeria with -350 percent; and Russia with -273 percent. At this time, almost all long-term debt for major economies was generating positive yields, with only the most stable European countries seeing smaller values. Why is an inverted yield curve important? Often called an inverted yield curve or negative yield curve, a situation where short term debt has a higher yield than long term debt is considered a main indicator of an impending recession. Essentially, this situation reflects an underlying belief among a majority of investors that short term interest rates are about to fall, with the lowering of interest rates being the orthodox fiscal response to a recession. Therefore, investors purchase safe government debt at today's higher interest rate, driving down the yield on long term debt. In the United States, an inverted yield curve for an extended period preceded (almost) all recent recessions. The exception to this is the economic downturn caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic – however, the U.S. ten minus two year spread still came very close to negative territory in mid-2019. Bond yields and the coronavirus pandemic The onset of the coronavirus saw stock markets around the world crash in March 2020. This had an effect on bond markets, with the yield of both long term government debt and short term government debt falling dramatically at this time – reaching negative territory in many countries. With stock values collapsing, many investors placed their money in government debt – which guarantees both a regular interest payment and stable underlying value - in contrast to falling share prices. This led to many investors paying an amount for bonds on the market that was higher than the overall return for the duration of the bond (which is what is signified by a negative yield). However, the calculus is that the small loss taken on stable bonds is less that the losses likely to occur on the market. Moreover, if conditions continue to deteriorate, the bonds may be sold on at an even higher price, partly offsetting the losses from the negative yield.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by May 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached * percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S government paused payments on federal student loans starting on March 13, 2020, moving billions of dollars of student debt into forbearance. Forbearance means that no payments need to be made, with the interest rate set to zero percent. In the second quarter of 2022 and 2023, the majority of federal student loans remained in forbearance, totaling over 1000 billion U.S. dollars. However, loan repayments and interest rates restarted in October 2023, lowering the amount of student loans in forbearance to 93.7 billion U.S. dollars as of Q2 2024.

In December 2024, the personal saving rate in the United States amounted to 3.8 percent. That was slightly lower figure than a year earlier. The personal saving rate is calculated as the ratio of personal savings to disposable personal income. Within the topic of personal savings in the U.S., there are different goals and reasons for saving. What are personal savings? Saving refers to strategies of accumulating capital for future use by either not spending a part of one’s income or cutting down on certain costs. Saved money may be preserved as cash, put on a deposit account, or invested in various financial instruments. Investing usually incorporates some level of risk which means that part of the invested money can be gone. An example of a relatively safe investment would be saving bonds, such as the debt securities issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Saving trends in the U.S. and abroad Looking at the personal saving rate in the United States throughout the past decades, it can be observed that savings had been decreasing until the mid-2000s, and they increased after the 2008 financial crisis. Still, the largest savings rates were reached in 2020 and 2021. The reason for that increase in the savings rate that year might be related to the measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The value of personal savings in the United Kingdom has also followed a similar trend. Although events like the COVID-19 pandemic may have affect many countries in a similar way, the ability to save, as well as the average savings as a share of personal income across countries can vary significantly depending on multiple factors affecting each territory.

In 2024, the U.S. GDP increased from the previous year to about 29.18 trillion U.S. dollars. Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within a country. In 2024, the United States has the largest economy in the world. What is GDP? Gross domestic product is one of the most important indicators used to analyze the health of an economy. GDP is defined by the BEA as the market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, regardless of nationality. It is the primary measure of U.S. production. The OECD defines GDP as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). GDP and national debt Although the United States had the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world in 2022, this does not tell us much about the quality of life in any given country. GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic measurement that is thought to be a better method for comparing living standards across countries because it accounts for domestic inflation and variations in the cost of living. While the United States might have the largest economy, the country that ranked highest in terms of GDP at PPP was Luxembourg, amounting to around 141,333 international dollars per capita. Singapore, Ireland, and Qatar also ranked highly on the GDP PPP list, and the United States ranked 9th in 2022.

The outstanding value of Australia's general government debt securities has shown an upward trend from 2000 to the third quarter of 2024, rising from approximately 45 billion U.S. dollars to over 600 billion U.S. dollars. The largest increase occurred between 2019 and 2020, when in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic government debt securities outstanding in Australia peaked at over 700 billion U.S. dollars, followed by some fluctuations.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, roughly 2.75 percent of all consumer loans at commercial banks in the United States were delinquent. The delinquency rate on this type of credit has been rising again since 2021. Loans are delinquent when the borrower does not pay their obligations on time. One of the reasons for the delinquency rate decreasing during the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic was that the personal saving rate in the U.S. soared during that period. What is the trend in consumer credit levels in the United States? Consumer credit refers to the various types of loans and credit extended to individuals for personal use, often to fund everyday purchases or larger expenses. When credit levels rise, it often signals that consumers are more confident in their ability to manage debt and make future payments. After a period of strong growth between 2021 and early 2023, consumer credit in the United States has been growing at a slower pace. By early 2024, consumer credit levels reached over five trillion U.S. dollars. What is the main channel for acquiring consumer credit? In 2024, the leading type of consumer credit among consumers in the U.S. was credit card bills. Credit card usage in the North American country was substantial and credit card penetration was expected to reach over 68.4 percent by 2029. Car loans ranked next as a common source of consumer credit, while other types of debt, such as medical bills, home equity lines of credit, and personal educational loans, had lower percentages.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, 497.5 billion U.S. dollars worth of student loans were in forbearance in the United States. This reflects the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, where the government temporarily paused student loan payments and froze the accumulation of interest. Federal student loan repayments resumed in October 2023, with 599 billion U.S. dollars worth of student loans in repayment as of Q4 2024. During this time period, outstanding student loan debt in the U.S. totaled over 1.77 trillion U.S. dollars.