The statistic shows the total population in Canada from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. In 2024, the total population in Canada amounted to about 41.14 million inhabitants. Population of Canada Canada ranks second among the largest countries in the world in terms of area size, right behind Russia, despite having a relatively low total population. The reason for this is that most of Canada remains uninhabited due to inhospitable conditions. Approximately 90 percent of all Canadians live within about 160 km of the U.S. border because of better living conditions and larger cities. On a year to year basis, Canada’s total population has continued to increase, although not dramatically. Population growth as of 2012 has amounted to its highest values in the past decade, reaching a peak in 2009, but was unstable and constantly fluctuating. Simultaneously, Canada’s fertility rate dropped slightly between 2009 and 2011, after experiencing a decade high birth rate in 2008. Standard of living in Canada has remained stable and has kept the country as one of the top 20 countries with the highest Human Development Index rating. The Human Development Index (HDI) measures quality of life based on several indicators, such as life expectancy at birth, literacy rate, education levels and gross national income per capita. Canada has a relatively high life expectancy compared to many other international countries, earning a spot in the top 20 countries and beating out countries such as the United States and the UK. From an economic standpoint, Canada has been slowly recovering from the 2008 financial crisis. Unemployment has gradually decreased, after reaching a decade high in 2009. Additionally, GDP has dramatically increased since 2009 and is expected to continue to increase for the next several years.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Canadian population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Canadian across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Canadian was 2,210, a 1.07% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Canadian population was 2,234, a decline of 3.04% compared to a population of 2,304 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Canadian decreased by 13. In this period, the peak population was 3,038 in the year 2015. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Canadian is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Canadian population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Canadian Population by Year. You can refer the same here

It is presumed that the first humans migrated from Siberia to North America approximately twelve thousand years ago, where they then moved southwards to warmer lands. It was not until many centuries later that humans returned to the north and began to settle regions that are now part of Canada. Despite a few short-lived Viking settlements on Newfoundland around the turn of the first millennium CE, the Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), became the first European to explore the coast of North America in the late 1400s. The French and British crowns both made claims to areas of Canada throughout the sixteenth century, but real colonization and settlement did not begin until the early seventeenth century. Over the next 150 years, France and Britain competed to take control of the booming fur and fishing trade, and to expand their overseas empires. In the Seven Year's War, Britain eventually defeated the French colonists in North America, through superior numbers and a stronger agriculture resources in the southern colonies, and the outcome of the war saw France cede practically all of it's colonies in North America to the British.

Increased migration and declining native populations

The early 1800s saw a large influx of migrants into Canada, with the Irish Potato Famine bringing the first wave of mass-migration to the country, with further migration coming from Scandinavia and Northern Europe. It is estimated that the region received just shy of one million migrants from the British Isles alone, between 1815 and 1850, which helped the population grow to 2.5 million in the mid-1800s and 5.5 million in 1900. It is also estimated that infectious diseases killed around 25 to 33 percent of all Europeans who migrated to Canada before 1891, and around a third of the Canadian population is estimated to have emigrated southwards to the United States in the 1871-1896 period. From the time of European colonization until the mid-nineteenth century, the native population of Canada dropped from roughly 500,000 (some estimates put it as high as two million) to just over 100,000; this was due to a mixture of disease, starvation and warfare, instigated by European migration to the region. The native population was generally segregated and oppressed until the second half of the 1900s; Native Canadians were given the vote in 1960, and, despite their complicated and difficult history, the Canadian government has made significant progress in trying to include indigenous cultures in the country's national identity in recent years. As of 2020, Indigenous Canadians make up more than five percent of the total Canadian population, and a higher birth rate means that this share of the population is expected to grow in the coming decades.

Independence and modern Canada

Canadian independence was finally acknowledged in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster, putting it on equal terms with the United Kingdom within the Commonwealth; virtually granting independence and sovereignty until the Canada Act of 1982 formalized it. Over the past century, Canada has had a relatively stable political system and economy (although it was hit particularly badly by the Wall Street Crash of 1929). Canada entered the First World War with Britain, and as an independent Allied Power in the Second World War; Canadian forces played pivotal roles in a number of campaigns, notably Canada's Hundred Days in WWI, and the country lost more than 100,000 men across both conflicts. The economy boomed in the aftermath of the Second World War, and a stream of socially democratic programs such as universal health care and the Canadian pension plan were introduced, which contributed to a rise in the standard of living. The post war period also saw various territories deciding to join Canada, with Newfoundland joining in 1949, and Nunavut in 1999. Today Canada is among the most highly ranked in countries in terms of civil liberties, quality of life and economic growth. It promotes and welcomes immigrants from all over the world and, as a result, it has one of the most ethnically diverse and multicultural populations of any country in the world. As of 2020, Canada's population stands at around 38 million people, and continues to grow due to high migration levels and life expectancy, and a steady birth rate.

This statistic shows the average life expectancy in North America for those born in 2022, by gender and region. In Canada, the average life expectancy was 80 years for males and 84 years for females.

Life expectancy in North America

Of those considered in this statistic, the life expectancy of female Canadian infants born in 2021 was the longest, at 84 years. Female infants born in America that year had a similarly high life expectancy of 81 years. Male infants, meanwhile, had lower life expectancies of 80 years (Canada) and 76 years (USA).

Compare this to the worldwide life expectancy for babies born in 2021: 75 years for women and 71 years for men. Of continents worldwide, North America ranks equal first in terms of life expectancy of (77 years for men and 81 years for women). Life expectancy is lowest in Africa at just 63 years and 66 years for males and females respectively. Japan is the country with the highest life expectancy worldwide for babies born in 2020.

Life expectancy is calculated according to current mortality rates of the population in question. Global variations in life expectancy are caused by differences in medical care, public health and diet, and reflect global inequalities in economic circumstances. Africa’s low life expectancy, for example, can be attributed in part to the AIDS epidemic. In 2019, around 72,000 people died of AIDS in South Africa, the largest amount worldwide. Nigeria, Tanzania and India were also high on the list of countries ranked by AIDS deaths that year. Likewise, Africa has by far the highest rate of mortality by communicable disease (i.e. AIDS, neglected tropics diseases, malaria and tuberculosis).

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Little Canada population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Little Canada across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Little Canada was 10,297, a 0.38% increase year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Little Canada population was 10,258, a decline of 2.42% compared to a population of 10,512 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Little Canada increased by 470. In this period, the peak population was 10,780 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Little Canada is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Little Canada population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Little Canada Population by Year. You can refer the same here

In 2023, there were about 5.81 million males and 5.56 million females between the ages of 25 and 44 living in Canada, which was the most out of any age group. The next largest age group was between the ages of 45 and 64, with 5.01 million males and 5.11 million females.

Canadian demographics

The average age of the Canadian resident population was about 40.6 years in 2023, with Newfoundland and Labrador having the oldest average population, and Nunavut having the youngest average population. Additionally, the majority of Canadians in 2022, both males and females, are single. The next largest group of Canadians are married, and not separated.

Immigration to Canada

Much like the United States, Canada is an immigrant nation, and many of its residents have immigrant backgrounds. Additionally, immigration to Canada has been steadily increasing since 2000, making the country a diverse melting pot for people of all backgrounds.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the New Canada town population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of New Canada town across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of New Canada town was 316, a 0.64% increase year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, New Canada town population was 314, an increase of 0.64% compared to a population of 312 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of New Canada town increased by 15. In this period, the peak population was 320 in the year 2010. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the New Canada town is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in New Canada town population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for New Canada town Population by Year. You can refer the same here

This map shows the median age in Canada in 2022 in a multiscale map (by Country, Province, Census Division, Census Subdivision, and Dissemination Area). Nationally, the median age is 41 years.The pop-up is configured to include the following information for each geography level:Median age of the populationCounts of population within 5-year age incrementsThe source of this information is Environics Analytics. The vintage of the data shown is 2022. For more information about Esri demographics, click here.We would love to hear from you. If you have any feedback regarding this item or Esri Demographics, please let us know.Permitted use of this data is covered in Section 4.0 DATA of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Little Canada population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Little Canada across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of Little Canada was 10,261, a 2.42% decrease year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, Little Canada population was 10,515, a decline of 2.47% compared to a population of 10,781 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of Little Canada increased by 434. In this period, the peak population was 10,781 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Little Canada is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Little Canada population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Little Canada Population by Year. You can refer the same here

A comparison of the population size, the number of cumulative confirmed cases, and the infection rate in Canada and the four provinces.

A data set of cross-nationally comparable microdata samples for 15 Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) countries (Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA) based on the 1990 national population and housing censuses in countries of Europe and North America to study the social and economic conditions of older persons. These samples have been designed to allow research on a wide range of issues related to aging, as well as on other social phenomena. A common set of nomenclatures and classifications, derived on the basis of a study of census data comparability in Europe and North America, was adopted as a standard for recoding. This series was formerly called Dynamics of Population Aging in ECE Countries. The recommendations regarding the design and size of the samples drawn from the 1990 round of censuses envisaged: (1) drawing individual-based samples of about one million persons; (2) progressive oversampling with age in order to ensure sufficient representation of various categories of older people; and (3) retaining information on all persons co-residing in the sampled individual''''s dwelling unit. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania provided the entire population over age 50, while Finland sampled it with progressive over-sampling. Canada, Italy, Russia, Turkey, UK, and the US provided samples that had not been drawn specially for this project, and cover the entire population without over-sampling. Given its wide user base, the US 1990 PUMS was not recoded. Instead, PAU offers mapping modules, which recode the PUMS variables into the project''''s classifications, nomenclatures, and coding schemes. Because of the high sampling density, these data cover various small groups of older people; contain as much geographic detail as possible under each country''''s confidentiality requirements; include more extensive information on housing conditions than many other data sources; and provide information for a number of countries whose data were not accessible until recently. Data Availability: Eight of the fifteen participating countries have signed the standard data release agreement making their data available through NACDA/ICPSR (see links below). Hungary and Switzerland require a clearance to be obtained from their national statistical offices for the use of microdata, however the documents signed between the PAU and these countries include clauses stipulating that, in general, all scholars interested in social research will be granted access. Russia requested that certain provisions for archiving the microdata samples be removed from its data release arrangement. The PAU has an agreement with several British scholars to facilitate access to the 1991 UK data through collaborative arrangements. Statistics Canada and the Italian Institute of statistics (ISTAT) provide access to data from Canada and Italy, respectively. * Dates of Study: 1989-1992 * Study Features: International, Minority Oversamples * Sample Size: Approx. 1 million/country Links: * Bulgaria (1992), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/02200 * Czech Republic (1991), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06857 * Estonia (1989), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06780 * Finland (1990), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06797 * Romania (1992), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06900 * Latvia (1989), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/02572 * Lithuania (1989), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/03952 * Turkey (1990), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/03292 * U.S. (1990), http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06219

description: The Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey was initiated experimentally in 1947 and became operational in 1955. It is conducted cooperatively by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service. It has been conducted every year since. The primary purpose of the survey is to provide information on spring population size and trajectory for certain North American duck species. These data are used extensively in the annual establishment of hunting regulations in the United States and Canada and provide long-term time series important in researching bird-environment relationships critical to effective conservation planning for waterfowl.; abstract: The Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey was initiated experimentally in 1947 and became operational in 1955. It is conducted cooperatively by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service. It has been conducted every year since. The primary purpose of the survey is to provide information on spring population size and trajectory for certain North American duck species. These data are used extensively in the annual establishment of hunting regulations in the United States and Canada and provide long-term time series important in researching bird-environment relationships critical to effective conservation planning for waterfowl.

Neither rural areas nor urban areas predominate with respect to any specific range of the family physician ratios. The Federal and Provincial Advisory Committee on Health Manpower recommended that a ratio of 1307:1 would be a suitable target for family physicians. In contrast to the distribution of physician specialists, family physicians are more prevalent in terms of their presence in virtually all areas of Canada.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Canadian County population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Canadian County across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of Canadian County was 169,149, a 4.43% increase year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, Canadian County population was 161,981, an increase of 4.22% compared to a population of 155,425 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of Canadian County increased by 80,972. In this period, the peak population was 169,149 in the year 2022. The numbers suggest that the population has not reached its peak yet and is showing a trend of further growth. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Canadian County is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Canadian County population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Canadian County Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

description: Singing-ground Survey data indicated that the numbers of displaying American woodcock (Scolopax minor) in the Eastern and Central Regions in 2005 were unchanged from 2004. There was not a significant trend in woodcock heard on the Singing-ground Survey in either the Eastern or Central Region during 1995-05. This represents the second consecutive year since 1992 that the 10-year trend estimate for either region was not a significant decline. There were long-term (1968-05) declines of2.0% per year in the Eastern Region and 1.8% per year in the Central Region. The 2004 recruitment index for the U.S. portion of the Eastern Region (2.0 immatures per adult female) was 34% higher than the 2003 index (1.5 immatures per adult female), and 19% higher than the long-term regional average. The 2004 recruitment index for the U.S. portion of the Central Region (1.3 immatures per adult female) was slightly lower than the 2003 index (1.4 immatures per adult female), and 17% below the long-term regional average. The preliminary 2004 recruitment index for eastern Canada was 2.8 immatures per adult female. The Harvest Information Program indicated that U.S. woodcock hunters in the Eastern Region spent 135,400 days afield and harvested 61,500 birds during the 2004-05 season. In the Central Region, U.S. hunters spent 366,100 days afield and harvested 234,800 woodcock. In Canada, 4,808 successful woodcock hunters harvested 33,493 birds during the 2004-05 season.; abstract: Singing-ground Survey data indicated that the numbers of displaying American woodcock (Scolopax minor) in the Eastern and Central Regions in 2005 were unchanged from 2004. There was not a significant trend in woodcock heard on the Singing-ground Survey in either the Eastern or Central Region during 1995-05. This represents the second consecutive year since 1992 that the 10-year trend estimate for either region was not a significant decline. There were long-term (1968-05) declines of2.0% per year in the Eastern Region and 1.8% per year in the Central Region. The 2004 recruitment index for the U.S. portion of the Eastern Region (2.0 immatures per adult female) was 34% higher than the 2003 index (1.5 immatures per adult female), and 19% higher than the long-term regional average. The 2004 recruitment index for the U.S. portion of the Central Region (1.3 immatures per adult female) was slightly lower than the 2003 index (1.4 immatures per adult female), and 17% below the long-term regional average. The preliminary 2004 recruitment index for eastern Canada was 2.8 immatures per adult female. The Harvest Information Program indicated that U.S. woodcock hunters in the Eastern Region spent 135,400 days afield and harvested 61,500 birds during the 2004-05 season. In the Central Region, U.S. hunters spent 366,100 days afield and harvested 234,800 woodcock. In Canada, 4,808 successful woodcock hunters harvested 33,493 birds during the 2004-05 season.

Adult female blue-winged teal (n = 112,639) were captured in traps and nets prior to the hunting season (July-September) in the prairie potholes and aspen parklands of the North American midcontinent from 1973 to 2016 (Figure 1). Teal were ringed with uniquely engraved metal markers, and some marked individuals were killed by hunters. A portion of these markers were retrieved and reported to the USGS Bird Banding Lab (n = 2,518; USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center). From 1974-2016, waterfowl breeding population and habitat surveys were flown at the beginning of the breeding season over the same area by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service to estimate the total number of breeding pairs of teal (y_n,t) and other ducks, and the number of ponds (y_p,t), a landscape scale measure of habitat suitability for breeding waterfowl (Walker et al. 2013, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2018). We downloaded the ringing and recovery data from the GameBirds Database CD (Bird Banding Lab, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), and the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey data from the USFWS Migratory Birds Data Center. We retained females marked in Canada and the United States in Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey strata 20-49 (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2018), and we restricted re-encounters to harvested individuals recovered and reported by hunters in the United States and Canada from September through early February, with half of all reported hunting mortality occurring in September. We excluded recoveries in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Carribean (n = 316) due to the inclusion of band reporting probabilities (r = r_1973, ... , r_2016) in our analyses, which were not available for Latin America. Mark-recovery data were downloaded from the USGS Bird Banding Lab Celis-Murillo et al. 2020. We accessed estimates of teal abundance and pond abundance from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2018), as well as data on federal duck stamp sales, which are required to hunt for waterfowl in the United States. Third party data were used for this study, collection of which followed appropriate ethical guidelines. No additional ethical approval was required from our respective insitutions. We formatted the capture-recovery data into a multinomial array to reduce computational requirements. Please contact the authors for additional information about data processing. 1. Harvest of wild organisms is an important component of human culture, economy, and recreation, but can also put species at risk of extinction. Decisions that guide successful management actions therefore rely on the ability of researchers to link changes in demographic processes to the anthropogenic actions or environmental changes that underlie variation in demographic parameters. 2. Ecologists often use population models or maximum sustained yield curves to estimate the impacts of harvest on wildlife and fish populations. Applications of these models usually focus exclusively on the impact of harvest and often fail to consider adequately other potential, often collinear, mechanistic drivers of the observed relationships between harvest and demographic rates. In this study, we used an integrated population model and long-term data (1973-2016) to examine the relationships among hunting and natural mortality, the number of hunters, habitat conditions, and population size of blue-winged teal (Spatula discors), an abundant North American dabbling duck with a relatively fast-paced life history strategy. 3. Over the last two and a half decades of the study, teal abundance tripled, hunting mortality probability increased slightly (< 0.02), and natural mortality probability increased substantially (> 0.1) at greater population densities. We demonstrate strong density-dependent effects on natural mortality and fecundity as population density increased, indicative of compensatory harvest mortality and compensatory natality. Critically, an analysis that only assessed the relationship between survival and hunting mortality would spuriously indicate depensatory hunting mortality due to multicollinearity between abundance, natural mortality, and hunting mortality. 4. Our findings demonstrate that models that only consider the direct effect of hunting on survival or natural mortality can fail to accurately assess the mechanistic impact of hunting on population dynamics due to multicollinearity among demographic drivers. This multicollinearity limits inference and may have strong impacts on applied management actions globally. The open-source programs R and JAGS are required to run the integrated population model described in this manuscript.

The project utilized data from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey, which is an annual survey conducted since 1955 by the governments of the United States and Canada to monitor waterfowl populations. These survey data were spatially and temporally layered onto long-term databases of fire perimeters for Alaska and western Canada, providing a record of waterfowl transects which had burned over the last 60 years. The project modelled abundance of dabbler and diver pairs in relation to time since fire, looking at short-term (e.g., 1–3 years) versus long-term timeframes (e.g., >5 years), and in relation to fire extent, defined as the percent of transect which had burned.

description: The project utilized data from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey, which is an annual survey conducted since 1955 by the governments of the United States and Canada to monitor waterfowl populations. These survey data were spatially and temporally layered onto long-term databases of fire perimeters for Alaska and western Canada, providing a record of waterfowl transects which had burned over the last 60 years. The project modelled abundance of dabbler and diver pairs in relation to time since fire, looking at short-term (e.g., 1–3 years) versus long-term timeframes (e.g., >5 years), and in relation to fire extent, defined as the percent of transect which had burned.; abstract: The project utilized data from the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey, which is an annual survey conducted since 1955 by the governments of the United States and Canada to monitor waterfowl populations. These survey data were spatially and temporally layered onto long-term databases of fire perimeters for Alaska and western Canada, providing a record of waterfowl transects which had burned over the last 60 years. The project modelled abundance of dabbler and diver pairs in relation to time since fire, looking at short-term (e.g., 1–3 years) versus long-term timeframes (e.g., >5 years), and in relation to fire extent, defined as the percent of transect which had burned.

This dataset covers ballots 351-53, and 355-56 spanning January, March, May, September, and October 1972. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 351 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and political issues within the country and throughout the world. There are also questions regarding class favouring laws, the welfare system and guaranteed annual income. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of U.S. capital in Canada; the approval of guaranteed annual income; the best political party for the future; class favouring laws in Canada; conditions of today versus the past year; how respondents feel about the United States; opinion of NDP leader David Lewis; opinion of Stanfield; opinion of Trudeau; respect for the United Nations; the seriousness of governmental leaks to the press; the seriousness of Quebec separation; the strength of Quebec separation; welfare system ratings; and what influences voting choices. Basic demographic variables are also included. 352 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political and social issues. Topics of interest include: emigrating from Canada, political involvement, Trudeau vs Stanfield as potential prime minister, the right to strike, opinions on the Liberal term, government support for less populated provinces, how the U.S. conceives of its relationship with Canada, voting behavior, voting outcomes, whether political parties should be financially transparent, and pollution. Basic demographic variables are also included. 353 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political issues, bilingualism and unemployment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the agreement to clear the pollution in the Great Lakes; bilingualism in Canada; the degree of interest in the next Federal election; expanding the NHL; the greatest threat to the future; the importance of basic human rights; the most important problem in Canada; political position (left wing-right wing); the productivity of Canadian workers; the option of remaining on unemployment insurance instead of working; the problem of inflation; the problem of unemployment; whether or not Trudeau conduct is appropriate in parliament; and if the United States sincerely respects the Canadian identity. Basic demographic variables are also included. 355 - September This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and the upcoming Federal election. There are also questions on other topics of interest and importance to the country and government, such as the problems facing Canada and the availability of birth control for teens. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: accepting Ugandan refugees; the availability of birth control to teens; the best political party to handle the problems facing Canada; confidence in United States' problem solving; being eligible to vote; giving provinces more power; what influences voting decisions; interest in the Federal election; the likelihood of voting in the Federal election; M.P.'s voting habits; the most important problem facing Canada; the political party with the best leader; the political party with the best policies; voluntary wage restraint; and women having the right to choose an abortion. Basic demographic variables are also included. 356 - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on political issues within the country; such as voting habits and issues regarding the upcoming Federal election. There are also questions regarding tax relief, inflation and unemployment. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: the amount of taxes paid by corporations; the certainty of voting in the upcoming Federal election; corporate tax relief; the ease at which to get unemployment insurance; the improved Canadian economy; improvements in inflation; the increase of unemployment insurance; the interest in the upcoming Federal election; the leader with the best campaign; Lewis's criticism of corporate tax; the most sincere leader; and whether or not a respondents name is on the voters list. Basic demographic variables are also included.