The number of home sales in the United States peaked in 2021 at almost ************* after steadily rising since 2018. Nevertheless, the market contracted in the following year, with transaction volumes falling to ***********. Home sales remained muted in 2024, with a mild increase expected in 2025 and 2026. A major factor driving this trend is the unprecedented increase in mortgage interest rates due to high inflation. How have U.S. home prices developed over time? The average sales price of new homes has also been rising since 2011. Buyer confidence seems to have recovered after the property crash, which has increased demand for homes and also the prices sellers are demanding for homes. At the same time, the affordability of U.S. homes has decreased. Both the number of existing and newly built homes sold has declined since the housing market boom during the coronavirus pandemic. Challenges in housing supply The number of housing units in the U.S. rose steadily between 1975 and 2005 but has remained fairly stable since then. Construction increased notably in the 1990s and early 2000s, with the number of construction starts steadily rising, before plummeting amid the infamous housing market crash. Housing starts slowly started to pick up in 2011, mirroring the economic recovery. In 2022, the supply of newly built homes plummeted again, as supply chain challenges following the COVID-19 pandemic and tariffs on essential construction materials such as steel and lumber led to prices soaring.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for the United States (USSTHPI) from Q1 1975 to Q3 2025 about appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In a 2019 analysis, Riverside, California was the most at risk of a housing downturn in a recession out of the ** largest metro areas in the United States. The Californian metro area received an overall score of **** percent, which was compiled after factors such as home price volatility and average home loan-to-value ratio were examined.

Graph and download economic data for Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (MSPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, median, housing, and USA.

In this Economic Commentary , we compare characteristics of the 2000–2006 house-price boom that preceded the Great Recession to the house-price boom that began in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. These two episodes of high house-price growth have important differences, including the behavior of rental rates, the dynamics of housing supply and demand, and the state of the mortgage market. The absence of changes in fundamentals during the 2000s is consistent with the literature emphasizing house-price beliefs during this prior episode. In contrast to during the 2000s boom, changes in fundamentals (including rent and demand growth) played a more dominant role in the 2020s house-price boom.

Negative Equity Trends in US Housing Markets

Time Series Data Across Regions and Housing Types

By Zillow Data [source]

About this dataset

• This unique dataset explores the trends in negative equity within US housing markets from 2011 to 2017, allowing users to uncover the various factors and determinants that affected the outcome in each market. With data provided on all home types such as single-family homes, condominiums, and co-ops, as well as special metrics such as cash buyers and affordability analyses, you will be able to gain a comprehensive understanding of how these forces have interacted over time. Using this data you can not only learn more about historical behavior but also make predictions for future trends in these impacts.

• In addition to data collected by Zillow through their own internal resources, they have also partnered with TransUnion and other affiliate sources to give an even more precise look into what has been driving these changing dynamics across US housing markets. Such information includes negative equity metrics which allow us to track actual outstanding home-related debt amounts over time - a valuable resource when evaluating potential investments or relocations!

• And of course with any dataset there are a few guiding principles that one should take note of before delving in – this is especially true when it comes down to copyright issues or prohibited uses; though all data can be freely obtained here for public use - clear attribution of such information is legally required at all times (as stated on Zillow’s very own Terms & Conditions page). Furthermore additional resources such as Mortgage Rate Series or Jumbo Mortgages are also available through Zillow; again making sure that appropriate disclaimers are read before utilizing them.

Regardless this little treasure trove of knowledge is waiting at your fingertips – whether you’re trying your luck investing wise or just looking for an area where renting rates are equitable compared real estate values; it provides everything you need understand regional housing market fluctuations over the last half decade!

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How to use the dataset

This dataset provides historical and current trends in negative equity (the amount a mortgage is underwater) across the United States. It contains negative equity data from Zillow, one of the leading real estate data providers. The dataset covers all housing types (including single family, condominiums and co-ops). Additionally, it includes cash buyers share, mortgage affordability index, rental affordability index and other relative measures of affordability for US metro areas. This guide will help you understand how to use this data set for your own analysis.

Overview of Covered Data:

The dataset contains time series data that shows your current trend in negative equity rate as well as some associated metrics across different scales such as region, county, city and MSA level. To access this information you will need to take following columns into consideration while using this data set:

• RegionName: Name of the region (e.g., city/county/MSA)
• SizeRank: Ranking of the region by size
• RegionType: Type of region (e.g., city/county/state)
• StateName: Name of the state
• MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area FORMAT_4C A4 RINFOX_ RTI Information Exchange File Format [multi value 9] FORMAT_3E A3 FITS Flexible Image Transport System VERSION 4C 3E 1 Language Indicator 0 0 1 1 DONTCOPY 536880031 FILEEXTN 3 Stream Type buffer 'USTD' file version 2 HNEED 8 FILETYPE 'UDIO' creation date 05 FEB 1985 Source FMT0025 APPLICAT TRAINFORM File Organization Spooled Files DF140520 Header Block Length in Words 682 with Header Offset 636 / ULQUACK INTLCHAN * ETBFMT(V7R2),D*RECORD ACCOUNT CRFTIME FT240187 batch process status continuous Availability Continuous Version number V03C02 LOADAT AT04

Research Ideas

• Analyzing which markets have been disproportionately affected by the housing crisis and utilizing this information to inform investment strategies and...

Housing markets in the United States and Canada are similar in many respects, but each has fared quite differently since the onset of the financial crisis. A comparison of the two markets suggests that relaxed lending standards likely played a critical role in the U.S. housing bust.

The consumer price of housing in urban areas of the United States increased by over four percent in 2024. 2022 and 2023 saw the largest price increases on a year-over-year basis since 2000. Meanwhile, 2010 was the only year in which housing prices decreased. One of the main reasons for that may have been the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007. During that period, the value of new residential construction put in place in the U.S. stagnated.

The Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly known as Fannie Mae, was created by the U.S. congress in 1938, in order to maintain liquidity and stability in the domestic mortgage market. The company is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE), meaning that while it was a publicly traded company for most of its history, it was still supported by the federal government. While there is no legally binding guarantee of shares in GSEs or their securities, it is generally acknowledged that the U.S. government is highly unlikely to let these enterprises fail. Due to these implicit guarantees, GSEs are able to access financing at a reduced cost of interest. Fannie Mae's main activity is the purchasing of mortgage loans from their originators (banks, mortgage brokers etc.) and packaging them into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) in order to ease the access of U.S. homebuyers to housing credit. The early 2000s U.S. mortgage finance boom During the early 2000s, Fannie Mae was swept up in the U.S. housing boom which eventually led to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. The association's stated goal of increasing access of lower income families to housing finance coalesced with the interests of private mortgage lenders and Wall Street investment banks, who had become heavily reliant on the housing market to drive profits. Private lenders had begun to offer riskier mortgage loans in the early 2000s due to low interest rates in the wake of the "Dot Com" crash and their need to maintain profits through increasing the volume of loans on their books. The securitized products created by these private lenders did not maintain the standards which had traditionally been upheld by GSEs. Due to their market share being eaten into by private firms, however, the GSEs involved in the mortgage markets began to also lower their standards, resulting in a 'race to the bottom'. The fall of Fannie Mae The lowering of lending standards was a key factor in creating the housing bubble, as mortgages were now being offered to borrowers with little or no ability to repay the loans. Combined with fraudulent practices from credit ratings agencies, who rated the junk securities created from these mortgage loans as being of the highest standard, this led directly to the financial panic that erupted on Wall Street beginning in 2007. As the U.S. economy slowed down in 2006, mortgage delinquency rates began to spike. Fannie Mae's losses in the mortgage security market in 2006 and 2007, along with the losses of the related GSE 'Freddie Mac', had caused its share value to plummet, stoking fears that it may collapse. On September 7th 2008, Fannie Mae was taken into government conservatorship along with Freddie Mac, with their stocks being delisted from stock exchanges in 2010. This act was seen as an unprecedented direct intervention into the economy by the U.S. government, and a symbol of how far the U.S. housing market had fallen.

Existing Home Sales in the United States increased to 4100 Thousand in October from 4050 Thousand in September of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Existing Home Sales - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The industry is composed of non-depository institutions that conduct primary and secondary market lending. Operators in this industry include government agencies in addition to non-agency issuers of mortgage-related securities. Through 2025, rising per capita disposable income and low levels of unemployment helped fuel the increase in primary and secondary market sales of collateralized debt. Nonetheless, due to the sharp contraction in economic activity at the onset of the period, revenue gains were limited, but climbed in the latter part of the period as the economy has normalized. Interest rates climbed significantly to tackle significant inflationary pressures, which increased borrowing costs, hindering loan volumes but increasing interest income for each loan. However, the Fed cut interest rates in 2024 and is anticipated to cut rates in the latter part of the current year, reducing borrowing costs and providing a boost to loan volumes. Overall, these trends, along with volatility in the real estate market, have caused revenue to slump at a CAGR of 1.3% to $488.9 billion over the past five years, including an expected decline of 0.1% in 2025 alone. The high interest rate environment has hindered real estate loan demand but increased interest income, boosting profit to 15.6% of revenue in the current year. Higher access to credit and higher disposable income have fueled primary market lending over much of the period, increasing the variety and volume of loans to be securitized and sold in secondary markets. An additional boon for institutions has been an increase in interest rates, which raised interest income as the spread between short- and long-term interest rates increased. These macroeconomic factors, combined with changing risk appetite and regulation in the secondary markets, have resurrected collateralized debt trading since the middle of the period. Although institutions are poised to benefit from strong economic growth, inflationary pressures easing and the decline in the 30-year conventional mortgage rate, the rate of homeownership is still expected to fall but at a slower pace compared to the current period. Shaky demand from commercial banking and uncertainty surrounding inflationary pressures will influence institutions' decisions on whether or not to sell mortgage-backed securities and commercial loans to secondary markets. These trends are expected to cause revenue to decline at a CAGR of 1.0% to $465.4 billion over the five years to 2030.

Graph and download economic data for Housing Inventory: Median Days on Market in the United States (MEDDAYONMARUS) from Jul 2016 to Oct 2025 about median and USA.

Housing Starts in the United States decreased to 1307 Thousand units in August from 1429 Thousand units in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Housing Starts - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

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Description:

A simple yet challenging project, to predict the housing price based on certain factors like house area, bedrooms, furnished, nearness to mainroad, etc. The dataset is small yet, it's complexity arises due to the fact that it has strong multicollinearity. Can you overcome these obstacles & build a decent predictive model?

Acknowledgement:

Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. (1978) Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air. J. Environ. Economics and Management 5, 81–102. Belsley D.A., Kuh, E. and Welsch, R.E. (1980) Regression Diagnostics. Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity. New York: Wiley.

Objective:

• Understand the Dataset & cleanup (if required).
• Build Regression models to predict the sales w.r.t a single & multiple feature.
• Also evaluate the models & compare thier respective scores like R2, RMSE, etc.

The average price per square foot of floor space in new single-family housing in the United States decreased after the great financial crisis, followed by several years of stagnation. Since 2012, the price has continuously risen, hitting ****** U.S. dollars per square foot in 2024. In 2024, the average sales price of a new home exceeded ******* U.S. dollars. Development of house sales in the U.S. One of the reasons for rising property prices is the gradual growth of house sales between 2011 and 2020. This period was marked by the gradual recovery following the subprime mortgage crisis and a growing housing sentiment. Another significant factor for the housing demand was the growing number of new household formations each year. Despite this trend, housing transactions plummeted in 2021, amid soaring prices and borrowing costs. In 2021, the average construction cost for single-family housing rose by nearly ** percent year-on-year, and in 2022, the increase was even higher, at close to ** percent. Financing a house purchase Mortgage interest rates in the U.S. rose dramatically in 2022 and remained elevated until 2024. In 2020, a homebuyer could lock in a 30-year fixed interest rate of under ***** percent, whereas in 2024, the average rate for the same mortgage type was more than twice higher. That has led to a decline in homebuyer sentiment, and an increasing share of the population pessimistic about buying a home in the current market.

Residential property managers have seen revenue growth in recent years; demand for management services is countercyclical, as more consumers switch to rentals when the economy worsens and the price of home ownership increases. Managers experienced growth during the economic downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, carried by improved residential constructions. Rental vacancy rates declined as property owners needed to fill more apartments to maximize revenue during a time of uncertainty, as the eviction moratorium prevented them from pushing out renters who couldn't pay. Revenue has grown at a CAGR of 7.3% over the five years to 2024, when revenue is set to reach $113.8 billion, when revenue is set to grow 1.6% and profit is set to have seen overall growth. Homeownership provides the most substantial competition to residential property managers. Interest rates were lowered to spur economic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased homeownership. The Federal Reserve then hiked interest rates multiple times to combat persistent inflation, pushing many residents back to renting. The rental vacancy rate accordingly fell over the past five years. While this may provide more immediate revenue, many property owners purposefully keep a certain quantity of units empty to maintain higher value, supporting profit by increasing the return per unit. Moving forward, the value of residential construction will grow, increasing the profitability of opening rental facilities. Falling interest rates, with cuts having begun in 2024, will have a mixed impact on the industry. Disposable income will grow while this happens, meaning capable renters will not be in short supply. Altogether, revenue is set to grow at a CAGR of 1.7% over the five years to 2029, when revenue is set to reach $122.7 billion.

Discover the booming China commercial real estate market! Our analysis reveals a $890 million market in 2025, projected to grow at a 3.49% CAGR until 2033. Learn about key drivers, trends, restraints, and major players like Wanda Group and CapitaLand. Explore market segmentation and regional data for informed investment decisions. Recent developments include: May 2023: The Beijing Suning Life Plaza mixed-use complex was recently purchased from Suning for about USD 400 million by CapitaLand Investment Private Fund with the help of Cushman & Wakefield's Greater China Capital Markets division., April 2023: AIA put US$1.3 billion into a Shanghai office-retail complex, while Ping An paid about US$7 billion for industrial and office assets in Shanghai and Beijing. Insurers, including AIA and Ping An Life Insurance, are investing billions of dollars in mainland China properties, which are expected to remain an attractive asset class for insurers despite the property market downturn.. Key drivers for this market are: Foreign Investments driving the market, Implementation of government policies driving the market. Potential restraints include: Oversupply of commercial real estate, Increasing property prices affecting the growth of the market. Notable trends are: Technology and Innovation Driving the Market.

Abstract This paper aims to study the central importance assumed by the derivatives market in the dynamics of contemporary capitalism, focusing in particular on the credit derivatives market and its contribution to the formation and the outbreak of the financial crisis that impacted the U.S. and the world economy in 2007/2008. This dimension is marked by the derivative form, that changes the property relations, introduces new agents and motivations, increases financial integration between the agents and transforms the pricing logic of the major financial markets. Therefore, the paper describes the transformation that the American mortgage market went through,, arguing that such changes gain renewed vigor and are only completed with the rise and growth of credit default swaps (CDS) and synthetic CDOs, that were fundamental to the maintenance of low interest rates on mortgages, thus contributing directly to the bubble in the property market that resulted in the economic crisis.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for California (CASTHPI) from Q1 1975 to Q3 2025 about appraisers, CA, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Discover the booming China commercial real estate market! Our analysis reveals a $890 million market in 2025, projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.49% through 2033. Learn about key drivers, trends, and top players like Wanda Group and CapitaLand. Explore market segmentation and regional insights for informed investment decisions. Recent developments include: May 2023: The Beijing Suning Life Plaza mixed-use complex was recently purchased from Suning for about USD 400 million by CapitaLand Investment Private Fund with the help of Cushman & Wakefield's Greater China Capital Markets division., April 2023: AIA put US$1.3 billion into a Shanghai office-retail complex, while Ping An paid about US$7 billion for industrial and office assets in Shanghai and Beijing. Insurers, including AIA and Ping An Life Insurance, are investing billions of dollars in mainland China properties, which are expected to remain an attractive asset class for insurers despite the property market downturn.. Key drivers for this market are: Foreign Investments driving the market, Implementation of government policies driving the market. Potential restraints include: Foreign Investments driving the market, Implementation of government policies driving the market. Notable trends are: Technology and Innovation Driving the Market.