As of 2024, ** percent of surveyed Americans said that they personally worried a great deal about race relations in the United States, while ** percent said that they worried a fair amount. This is a slight decrease from the previous year, when ** percent of Americans said that they worried a great deal about race relations.

According to a survey conducted in 2024, ** percent of Americans said that they thought that the relations between racial groups in the United States are getting worse in the last five years, while ** percent said that the relations between racial groups have stayed the same.

In a survey conducted in September 2020, ** percent of Black respondents said that race relations in the United States were generally bad, while ** percent of White respondents said that race relations in the United States were generally good.

In this article, we report findings from an original survey experiment investigating the effects of different framings of disease threats on individual risk perceptions and policy priorities. We analyze responses from 1,946 white and African-American participants in a self-administered, web-based survey in the United States. We sought to investigate the effects of: 1) frames emphasizing disparities in the racial prevalence of disease and 2) frames emphasizing non-normative (blameworthy or stigmatized) behavioral risk factors. We find some evidence that when treated with the first frame, African-Americans are more likely to report higher risk of infection (compared to an African-American control group and to whites receiving the same treatment); and that whites are more likely to report trust in government data (compared to a White control group and to African-Americans receiving the same treatment). Notwithstanding, we find no support for our hypotheses concerning the interactive effects of providing both frames, which was a central motivation for our study. We argue that this may be due to very large differences in risk perception at baseline (which generate limits on possible treatment effects) and the fact that in the context of American race relations, it may not be possible to fully differentiate racialized and stigmatized frames.

In a survey conducted in June 2020, ** percent of Black respondents said that race relations in the United States have gotten worse than they were when President Trump was elected, compared to ** percent of White respondents who said the same.

Abstract

The Race Relations Survey was a one-off survey conducted by Gallup in November 2018.

The Race Relations Survey includes topics that were previously represented in the Gallup Poll Social Series' Minority Rights and Relations Survey, which ran through 2016.

Methodology

The Race Relations Survey was a one-off survey that leveraged the same methodology as the Gallup Poll Social Series (GPSS). The Race Relations Survey duplicates many topics from the Gallup Poll Social Series' discontinued June survey, Minority Rights and Relations.

Gallup interviews a minimum of 1,000 U.S. adults aged 18 and older living in all 50 states and the District of Columbia using a dual-frame design, which includes both landline and cellphone numbers. Gallup samples landline and cellphone numbers using random-digit-dial methods. Gallup purchases samples for this study from Survey Sampling International (SSI). Gallup chooses landline respondents at random within each household based on which member had the next birthday. Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 70% cellphone respondents and 30% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. Gallup conducts interviews in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking.

Gallup weights samples to correct for unequal selection probability, nonresponse, and double coverage of landline and cellphone users in the two sampling frames. Gallup also weights its final samples to match the U.S. population according to gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status (cellphone only, landline only, both, and cellphone mostly). Demographic weighting targets are based on the most recent Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older U.S. population. Phone status targets are based on the most recent National Health Interview Survey. Population density targets are based on the most recent U.S. Census.

Usage

For more information about included variables and terms of use, please see

Supporting Files.

Bulk Data Access

Data access is required to view this section.

This study explores attitudes and perceptions related to urban problems and race relations in 15 northern cities of the United States (Baltimore, Boston, Brooklyn, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Gary, Milwaukee, Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, San Francisco, and Washington, DC). More specifically, it seeks to define the social and psychological characteristics and aspirations of the Black and White urban populations. Samples of Blacks and Whites were selected in each of the cities in early 1968. The study employed two questionnaire forms, one for Whites and one for Blacks, and two corresponding data files were generated. Attitudinal questions asked of the White and Black respondents measured their satisfaction with community services, their feelings about the effectiveness of government in solving urban problems, and their experience with police abuse. Additional questions about the respondent's familiarity with and participation in antipoverty programs were included. Other questions centered on the respondent's opinions about the 1967 riots: the main causes, the purpose, the major participating classes, and the effect of the riots on the Black cause. Respondents' interracial relationships, their attitudes toward integration, and their perceptions of the hostility between the races were also investigated. White respondents were asked about their opinions on the use of governmental intervention as a solution for various problems of the Blacks, such as substandard schools, unemployment, and unfair housing practices. Respondent's reactions to nonviolent and violent protests by Blacks, their acceptance of counter-rioting by Whites and their ideas concerning possible governmental action to prevent further rioting were elicited. Inquiries were made as to whether or not the respondent had given money to support or hinder the Black cause. Other items investigated respondents' perceptions of racial discrimination in jobs, education, and housing, and their reactions to working under or living next door to a Black person. Black respondents were asked about their perceptions of discrimination in hiring, promotion, and housing, and general attitudes toward themselves and towards Blacks in general. The survey also investigated respondents' past participation in civil rights organizations and in nonviolent and/or violent protests, their sympathy with rioters, and the likelihood of personal participation in a future riot. Other questions probed respondents' attitudes toward various civil rights leaders along with their concurrence with statements concerning the meaning of 'Black power.' Demographic variables include sex and age of the respondent, and the age and relationship to the respondent of each person in the household, as well as information about the number of persons in the household, their race, and the type of structure in which they lived. Additional demographic topics include the occupational and educational background of the respondent, of the respondent's family head, and of the respondent's father. The respondent's family income and the amount of that income earned by the head of the family were obtained, and it was determined if any of the family income came from welfare, Social Security, or veteran's benefits. This study also ascertained the place of birth of the respondent and respondent's m other and father, in order to measure the degree of southern influence. Other questions investigated the respondent's military background, religious preference, marital status, and family composition.

This special topic poll sought respondents' views on the presidency, crime in the United States, and race relations. Respondents were asked for their opinions on President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency and race relations, whether he had a clear vision for the country, whether he was honest and in possession of moral and ethical standards, whether he was innovative and committed to his beliefs, and whether he understood the needs of the American people. Those queried were asked what they felt were the greatest problems facing the United States today, specifically with respect to crime. Respondents were asked to assess the rate of crime in the country and in their communities, their personal safety, their fear of becoming a victim of violent crime, and their personal experiences with crime. On the topic of race relations, respondents were asked for their opinions on the past and future trends of the Clinton administration in handling race issues. They were asked to assess race relations in the United States, and to comment on whether they believed that Blacks were still discriminated against, and whether preferences in college admissions for minorities should still exist. A series of questions covered the role of race in network entertainment programs. Topics covered the impact of programs whose main characters were primarily of one race, the frequency of such programs, and the impact of programs in which the cast was a mix of people of different races. Finally, respondents were asked if they had close friends of another race, and whether they had either brought that friend to their home or been a guest at the friend's home. Background information on respondents includes age, race, sex, ethnicity, education, political party, political orientation, family income, and demographics of area of residence.

This survey was sponsored by CNN/USA Today and was conducted by the Gallup Organization. A national sample of 1,225 adults plus an oversample of 222 blacks were interviewed October 5-7. 1995. Major topics covered: Clinton job performance; 1996 election; Colin Powell; race issues; O.J. Simpson trial; Louis Farrakhan; baseball.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31088278. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

I applied bits of text mining, natural langauge processing, and data science to a pair of annual editions of Race and Ethnic Relations, and below is a summary of what I learned.

According to a survey conducted in 2021 and 2022, ** percent of Black adults said that they worry a great deal about race relations in the United States, an increase from 2020 when only ** percent shared this concern.

"Includes topics that were previously represented in the GPSS Minority Relations Survey that ran through 2016. The Race Relations Survey was conducted November 2018." [from Gallup] See Gallup Poll Social Series (GPSS) collection description for other details.

This survey was sponsored by CNN/USA Today and conducted by The Gallup Organizataion. A national sample of 1,229 adults plus an oversample of 229 blacks were interviewed October 19-22, 1995. Major topics covered: Clinton job performance; Bosnia; honesty standards of individuals; Canada; leaders in the black community; quality of life of for blacks; Million Man March; O.J. Simpson.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31088279. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.

According to a survey conducted in 2022, ** percent of U.S. citizens said that they thought that race relations in the United States will stay about the same in the next 10 years. In comparison, ** percent thought that race relations would get better and ** percent thought that race relations would get worse in the next 10 years.

This survey was conducted for ABC News. A national sample of 670 adults were interviewed on February 21-24, 1997. Major topics covered: Race relations in the US; quality of life for blacks; equality in college; athletics and blacks; integration through sports.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31086511. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they made this dataset available in multiple data formats.

The Black Lives Matter movement evolved as a protest against police brutality against unarmed Black men. This book extends beyond police brutality to revolutionize the national conversation about racial injustice and inequality and advocate for freedom and justice for all Black Americans. This multi-contributor anthology addresses a range of hot button issues and racial disparities that disproportionately impact the Black community. This call to action will challenge you to confront your long-held values and beliefs about Black lives and confront your own white privilege and fragility as you examine racial justice and equality in a revolutionary way. The data are composed of essay/transcripts. Click on the "request access" option next to each file, to request access to the data.

This survey of minority groups was part of a larger project to investigate the patterns, predictors, and consequences of midlife development in the areas of physical health, psychological well-being, and social responsibility. Conducted in Chicago and New York City, the survey was designed to assess the well-being of middle-aged, urban, ethnic minority adults living in both hyper-segregated neighborhoods and in areas with lower concentrations of minorities. Respondents' views were sought on issues relevant to quality of life, including health, childhood and family background, religion, race and ethnicity, personal beliefs, work experiences, marital and close relationships, financial situation, children, community involvement, and neighborhood characteristics. Questions on health explored the respondents' physical and emotional well-being, past and future attitudes toward health, physical limitations, energy level and appetite, amount of time spent worrying about health, and physical reactions to those worries. Questions about childhood and family background elicited information on family structure, the role of the parents with regard to child rearing, parental education, employment status, and supervisory responsibilities at work, the family financial situation including experiences with the welfare system, relationships with siblings, and whether as a child the respondent slept in the same bed as a parent or adult relative. Questions on religion covered religious preference, whether it is good to explore different religious teachings, and the role of religion in daily decision-making. Questions about race and ethnicity investigated respondents' backgrounds and experiences as minorities, including whether respondents preferred to be with people of the same racial group, how important they thought it was to marry within one's racial or ethnic group, citizenship, reasons for moving to the United States and the challenges faced since their arrival, their native language, how they would rate the work ethic of certain ethnic groups, their views on race relations, and their experiences with discrimination. Questions on personal beliefs probed for respondents' satisfaction with life and confidence in their opinions. Respondents were asked whether they had control over changing their life or their personality, and what age they viewed as the ideal age. They also rated people in their late 20s in the areas of physical health, contribution to the welfare and well-being of others, marriage and close relationships, relationships with their children, work situation, and financial situation. Questions on work experiences covered respondents' employment status, employment history, future employment goals, number of hours worked weekly, number of nights away from home due to work, exposure to the risk of accident or injury, relationships with coworkers and supervisors, work-related stress, and experience with discrimination in the workplace. A series of questions was posed on marriage and close relationships, including marital status, quality and length of relationships, whether the respondent had control over his or her relationships, and spouse/partner's education, physical and mental health, employment status, and work schedule. Questions on finance explored respondents' financial situation, financial planning, household income, retirement plans, insurance coverage, and whether the household had enough money. Questions on children included the number of children in the household, quality of respondents' relationships with their children, prospects for their children's future, child care coverage, and whether respondents had changed their work schedules to accommodate a child's illness. Additional topics focused on children's identification with their culture, their relationships with friends of different backgrounds, and their experiences with racism. Community involvement was another area of investigation, with items on respondents' role in child-rearing, participation on a jury, voting behavior, involvement in charitable organizations, volunteer experiences, whether they made monetary or clothing donations, and experiences living in an institutional setting or being homeless. Respondents were also queried about their neighborhoods, with items on neighborhood problems including racism, vandalism, crime, drugs, poor schools, teenag

Data and Stata code for replication. Abstract: To explore the evolution of political science research on race, Walton, Miller, and McCormick (1995), and Walton (1997, Chapter 4) do a systematic review of more than a century of publications appearing in the discipline’s oldest and most prestigious journals: Political Science Quarterly (PSQ) and the American Political Science Review (APSR), respectively. Walton and his colleagues uncover “dual traditions” of race scholarship: an African American Politics (AAP) paradigm, emphasizing empowerment and Blacks’ cultural distinctiveness, and a Race Relations Politics (RRP) approach that focuses on Blacks’ socio-political status vis-à-vis Whites. Using computer-assisted text analyses, we introduce a measure of racial dialogue that is informed by theory and has suitable empirical properties. We replicate and extend Walton’s research by adding a third periodical (the Journal of Politics [JOP]) and demonstrating that while race conversations are becoming more frequent over time, the dialogues taking place in mainstream journals typically fit Walton’s RRP (rather than AAP) tradition. Following our analyses, we offer guidelines for researchers seeking to apply our measure to alternative contexts.

According to a survey conducted in 2024, Black Americans were found less likely than white or Hispanic Americans to say that they had a positive experience with the police in the past 12 months in the United States. While 90 percent of white Americans reported that they were treated fairly by the police, only 74 percent of Black Americans shared this belief.

Replication material for "Changing Ingroup Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the US" by Vicky Fouka and Marco Tabellini