Foreign Exchange Reserves in the United States decreased to 38470 USD Million in May from 38565 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - United States Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The U.S. dollar was the most common currency in foreign exchange reserves in 2023, comprising more than three times the amount of the euro in global reserves that year. This total peaked in 2015, partly due to the strength of the dollar during the Eurozone crisis. The share of the U.S. dollar has lost since to the Japanese yen and euro, as well as other currencies. Why do foreign exchange reserves matter? When countries with different currencies export goods, they must agree on a currency for payment. As a result, countries hold currency reserves worth trillions of U.S. dollars. After World War II, the U.S. dollar itself became the international currency in the Bretton Woods Agreement and is thus the most common currency for international payments. The United States Treasury is also seen by most as risk-free, giving the country a low-risk premium. For this reason, countries hold U.S. dollars in reserve because the currency holds value relatively well eventually. China and currency reserves Since 2016, the International Monetary Fund has included the Chinese renminbi (yuan) as part of the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket. This decision recognized the influence of the renminbi as a reserve currency, particularly in several Asian countries. China also holds significant foreign exchange reserves itself, funded by its large positive trade balance.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in China increased to 3317000 USD Million in June from 3285000 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - China Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• China Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 3,227.2 USD bn in Feb 2025, compared with 3,209.0 USD bn in the previous month
• China Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1989 to Feb 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 3,993.2 USD bn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 3.7 USD bn in Jan 1989

The People's Bank of China provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about China Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, China Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 13.9 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 44,045.8 USD bn YoY in Sep 2024.
• China Domestic Credit reached 49,338.1 USD bn in Jan 2025, representing an increased of 7.9 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.5 % in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.6 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of China reached 63.3 % in Mar 2023, accounting for 63.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

The composition of official foreign exchange reserves grew by ***** percent between 2022 and 2023, after a sizable decline in 2022. Forex reserves refer to foreign-currency deposits held by monetary authorities and governments. Most of these reserves are made up of the U.S. dollar, although the euro and the Japanese yen did gain more prominence recently. In 2023, global currency reserves amounted to over **** trillion U.S. dollars.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Pakistan increased to 16597.70 USD Million in May from 14759.40 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Pakistan Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Of all the countries in the world, China had, by far, the largest international reserves in 2025, with **** trillion USD in reserves and foreign currency liquidity. Japan was the only other country with over a trillion U.S. dollars in reserves in early 2025, with a total of *** trillion U.S. dollars. Why do countries hold reserves? A simple explanation for China’s accumulation of foreign currency could be its consistently positive and substantial trade balance. When China exports goods and services, it accepts the foreign currency, usually U.S. dollars, and holds that currency in reserve. In addition to facilitating trade, most countries, including China, also hold foreign exchange reserves to ensure the stability of their currencies and facilitate other foreign transactions. Other significant reserves Even though most of the world left the gold standard in 1971, most countries still retain large gold reserves. The United States, followed by Germany and Italy, held the largest amount of gold reserves worldwide as of December 2018.

Brazil International Reserves: % Share: US Dollar data was reported at 82.300 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 83.500 % for 2016. Brazil International Reserves: % Share: US Dollar data is updated yearly, averaging 81.800 % from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 90.000 % in 2007 and a record low of 54.600 % in 2004. Brazil International Reserves: % Share: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Monetary – Table BR.KAA018: International Reserves: by Currencies.

Graph and download economic data for Rest of the World; Currency; Asset, Level (ROWCURQ027S) from Q4 1945 to Q1 2025 about IMA, currency, and assets.

In 2024, the foreign exchange reserves in China amounted to over *** trillion U.S. dollars. Over the past years, the forex reserved had remained relatively stable. However, in the first half of 2022, the country’s dollar reserves fluctuated as a response to domestic and international crises. On the one hand, the outbreak of the Omicron variant affected the Chinese economy, on the other hand, the war in Ukraine brought uncertainty to global markets.

The world’s largest forex holder For over 30 years, China has been the global factory and by having a trade surplus, was able to grow its reserve assets to be the largest in the world. The most prominent currency on the People’s Bank of China’s balance sheet is the U.S. dollar. One of its main applications is the stabilization of the U.S. dollar to the yuan exchange rate. The yuan as a reserve currency Currency can be a powerful tool that the Chinese government does not want to miss. Since the U.S. dollar is the global reserve currency, the United States has strong leverage over other countries. Therefore, to build a counterweight to American influence, Beijing works on establishing the Yuan as a second global reserve currency. So far, China has set up a reserve pool with **** other nations and opened offshore clearing houses around the world.

Graph and download economic data for Total Reserves excluding Gold for China (TRESEGCNM052N) from Dec 1977 to Apr 2025 about gold, reserves, and China.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Japan increased to 1313800 USD Million in June from 1298100 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Foreign Exchange Reserves - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Graph and download economic data for Rest of the World; Foreign Direct Investment in U.S.: Equity; Asset (Market Value), Transactions (BOGZ1FU263092141A) from 1946 to 2024 about FDI, market value, equity, transactions, assets, and USA.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Russia increased to 680379 USD Million in May from 680271 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In financial year 2024, the value of foreign exchange reserves in India stood at around *** billion U.S. dollars. This was a significant increase from the previous year. In fiscal year 2023, the value of foreign exchange reserve stood at around *** billion dollars.

As of June 6, 2025, Russia had ***** billion U.S. dollars in international reserves. To compare, at the beginning of 2022, prior to the war in Ukraine, the value of foreign exchange reserves in the country was measured at ***** billion U.S. dollars.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Argentina decreased to 30500.21 USD Million in May from 32475.93 USD Million in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Argentina Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Brazil increased to 343951.60 USD Million in June from 341459.40 USD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Brazil Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves

• Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 410.2 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 413.0 USD bn in the previous month
• Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Jan 2001 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 731.2 USD bn in Aug 2014 and a record low of 37.4 USD bn in Sep 2002

CEIC calculates monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves as the sum of Foreign Currency Reserves and Deposits Abroad, and Investment in Foreign Securities and converts it into USD. Saudi Central Bank provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in local currency. Saudi Central Bank period end market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Further information about Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, Saudi Arabia Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 21.4 Months of Import in Dec 2024.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 710.6 USD bn YoY in Jan 2025.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.3 % in Sep 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.4 % in the previous quarter.
• Household Debt of Saudi Arabia reached 12.1 % in Sep 2024, accounting for 12.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP.

Key information about India Foreign Exchange Reserves

• India Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 537.7 USD bn in Jan 2025, compared with 547.5 USD bn in the previous month
• India Foreign Exchange Reserves: USD mn data is updated monthly, available from Apr 1989 to Jan 2025
• The data reached an all-time high of 617.1 USD bn in Sep 2024 and a record low of 1.1 USD bn in Jun 1991

The Reserve Bank of India provides monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD.


Further information about India Foreign Exchange Reserves

• In the latest reports, India Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 9.2 Months of Import in May 2023.
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 765.5 USD bn YoY in Nov 2024.
• India Domestic Credit reached 3,168.1 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an increased of 11.1 % YoY.
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 2.8 % in Mar 2024, compared with the ratio of 3.9 % in the previous year.
• Household Debt of India reached 17.1 % in Mar 2024, accounting for 17.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP.