Interactive chart of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) stock market index for the last 100 years. Historical data is inflation-adjusted using the headline CPI and each data point represents the month-end closing value. The current month is updated on an hourly basis with today's latest value.

Stock market return (%, year-on-year) in United States was reported at 32.65 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Stock market return (%, year-on-year) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

The annual returns of the Nasdaq 100 Index from 1986 to 2024. fluctuated significantly throughout the period considered. The Nasdaq 100 index saw its lowest performance in 2008, with a return rate of ****** percent, while the largest returns were registered in 1999, at ****** percent. As of June 11, 2024, the rate of return of Nasdaq 100 Index stood at ** percent. The Nasdaq 100 is a stock market index comprised of the 100 largest and most actively traded non-financial companies listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. How has the Nasdaq 100 evolved over years? The Nasdaq 100, which was previously heavily influenced by tech companies during the dot-com boom, has undergone significant diversification. Today, it represents a broader range of high-growth, non-financial companies across sectors like consumer services and healthcare, reflecting the evolving landscape of the global economy. The annual development of the Nasdaq 100 recently has generally been positive, except for 2022, when the NASDAQ experienced a decline due to worries about escalating inflation, interest rates, and regulatory challenges. What are the leading companies on Nasdaq 100? In August 2023, ***** was the largest company on the Nasdaq 100, with a market capitalization of **** trillion euros. Also, ****************************************** were among the five leading companies included in the index. Market capitalization is one of the most common ways of measuring how big a company is in the financial markets. It is calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares by the current market price.

Graph and download economic data for Earnings Yield of All Common Stocks on the New York Stock Exchange for United States (A13049USA156NNBR) from 1871 to 1938 about stocks, earnings, NY, yield, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

Interactive chart illustrating the performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) market index over the last ten years. Each point of the stock market graph is represented by the daily closing price for the DJIA. Historical data can be downloaded via the red button on the upper left corner of the chart.

Stock market return (%, year-on-year) in China was reported at 13.47 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Stock market return (%, year-on-year) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) from 2015-07-13 to 2025-07-11 about stock market, average, industry, and USA.

The value of the DJIA index amounted to ********* at the end of March 2025, up from ********* at the end of March 2020. Global panic about the coronavirus epidemic caused the drop in March 2020, which was the worst drop since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Dow Jones Industrial Average index – additional information The Dow Jones Industrial Average index is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest American publicly traded companies on New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and includes companies like Goldman Sachs, IBM and Walt Disney. This index is considered to be a barometer of the state of the American economy. DJIA index was created in 1986 by Charles Dow. Along with the NASDAQ 100 and S&P 500 indices, it is amongst the most well-known and used stock indexes in the world. The year that the 2018 financial crisis unfolded was one of the worst years of the Dow. It was also in 2008 that some of the largest ever recorded losses of the Dow Jones Index based on single-day points were registered. On September 29, 2008, for instance, the Dow had a loss of ****** points, one of the largest single-day losses of all times. The best years in the history of the index still are 1915, when the index value increased by ***** percent in one year, and 1933, year when the index registered a growth of ***** percent.

Interactive chart of the S&P 500 stock market index since 1927. Historical data is inflation-adjusted using the headline CPI and each data point represents the month-end closing value. The current month is updated on an hourly basis with today's latest value.

Stock market return (%, year-on-year) in Denmark was reported at 31.18 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Denmark - Stock market return (%, year-on-year) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

NYSE Integrated is a proprietary data feed that disseminates full order book updates from the New York Stock Exchange (XNYS). It delivers every quote and order at each price level, along with any event that updates the order book after an order is placed, such as trade executions, modifications, or cancellations.

NYSE is the leading venue for listing blue-chip companies and large-cap stocks. Powered by NYSE's Pillar platform, its hybrid market model of floor-based auction and electronic trading allows it to capture a significant portion of trading activity during the US equity market open and close. As of January 2025, the NYSE represented approximately 6.31% of the average daily volume (ADV) across all exchange-listed US securities, including those listed on Nasdaq, other NYSE venues, and Cboe exchanges.

NYSE is also the only exchange to offer Designated Market Maker (DMM) privileges, allowing the floor to send D-Quote Orders, short for Discretionary Orders, throughout the day. Most D-Quote Orders execute in the closing auction, where they're known as Closing D Orders and allow traders to access the NYSE closing auction after 3:50 PM. This creates significant price discovery during the NYSE Closing Auction, where interest represented via the floor contributes more than 40% of total volume.

NYSE is also unique for being the only exchange with a Parity/Priority Allocation model for matching. This resembles a mixed FIFO and pro-rata matching algorithm, where the participant who sets the best price is matched first, and then the remaining shares are allocated to other orders entered by floor brokers at that price (parity allocation). Floor brokers may utilize e-Quotes to to receive such parity allocation of incoming executions.

With L3 granularity, NYSE Integrated captures information beyond the L1, top-of-book data available through SIP feeds, enabling accurate modeling of the book imbalances, queue dynamics, and the auction process. This data includes explicit trade aggressor side, odd lots, and imbalances. Auction imbalances offer valuable insights into NYSE’s opening and closing auctions by providing details like imbalance quantity, paired quantity, imbalance reference price, and book clearing price.

Historical data is available for usage-based rates or with any Databento US Equities subscription. Visit our pricing page for more details or to upgrade your plan.

Asset class: Equities

Origin: Directly captured at Equinix NY4 (Secaucus, NJ) with an FPGA-based network card and hardware timestamping. Synchronized to UTC with PTP.

Supported data encodings: DBN, CSV, JSON (Learn more)

Supported market data schemas: MBO, MBP-1, MBP-10, TBBO, Trades, BBO-1s, BBO-1m, OHLCV-1s, OHLCV-1m, OHLCV-1h, OHLCV-1d, Definition, Imbalance, Statistics, Status (Learn more)

Resolution: Immediate publication, nanosecond-resolution timestamps

This paper utilizes data on subjective probabilities to study the impact of the stock market crash of 2008 on households' expectations about the returns on the stock market index. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study that was fielded in February 2008 through February 2009. The effect of the crash is identified from the date of the interview, which is shown to be exogenous to previous stock market expectations. We estimate the effect of the crash on the population average of expected returns, the population average of the uncertainty about returns (subjective standard deviation), and the cross-sectional heterogeneity in expected returns (disagreement). We show estimates from simple reduced-form regressions on probability answers as well as from a more structural model that focuses on the parameters of interest and separates survey noise from relevant heterogeneity. We find a temporary increase in the population average of expectations and uncertainty right after the crash. The effect on cross-sectional heterogeneity is more significant and longer lasting, which implies substantial long-term increase in disagreement. The increase in disagreement is larger among the stockholders, the more informed, and those with higher cognitive capacity, and disagreement co-moves with trading volume and volatility in the market.

Based on the information generated from the Vanguard Capital Markets Model (VCMM) it was projected that unhedged emerging market equities had the ******* 10-year annualized mean volatility rate. U.S. small-cap equities followed in ******* with a forecast volatility rate of **** percent. Small-cap equities tend to be made up of public companies with a market value ranging between *** million U.S. dollars to a maximum of *** billion U.S. dollars. Small-cap equities have been forecast to achieve a 10-year annualized return of at least *** percent.

Throughout the 1920s, prices on the U.S. stock exchange rose exponentially, however, by the end of the decade, uncontrolled growth and a stock market propped up by speculation and borrowed money proved unsustainable, resulting in the Wall Street Crash of October 1929. This set a chain of events in motion that led to economic collapse - banks demanded repayment of debts, the property market crashed, and people stopped spending as unemployment rose. Within a year the country was in the midst of an economic depression, and the economy continued on a downward trend until late-1932.

It was during this time where Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president, and he assumed office in March 1933 - through a series of economic reforms and New Deal policies, the economy began to recover. Stock prices fluctuated at more sustainable levels over the next decades, and developments were in line with overall economic development, rather than the uncontrolled growth seen in the 1920s. Overall, it took over 25 years for the Dow Jones value to reach its pre-Crash peak.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global stock market size will be USD 3645.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1458.1 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1093.6 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 838.4 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 182.3 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 72.9 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The broker end users held the highest stock market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Stock Market

Key Drivers for the Stock Market

Rising Demand for Real-Time Data and Analytics to be an Emerging Market Trend

The increasing need for real-time data and advanced analytics is a significant driver in the stock trading and investing market growth. Investors and traders require up-to-the-minute information on stock prices, market trends, and financial news to make informed decisions quickly. As financial markets become more dynamic and competitive, the ability to access and analyze real-time data becomes crucial for success. Trading applications that offer real-time updates, advanced charting tools, and detailed analytics provide users with a competitive edge by enabling them to react swiftly to market movements. This heightened demand for real-time insights fuels the development and adoption of sophisticated trading platforms that cater to both professional traders and retail investors seeking to maximize their investment opportunities.

Increasing Adoption of Mobile Trading Platforms to Boost Market Growth

The rapid adoption of mobile trading platforms is another key driver for the stock market expansion. With the proliferation of smartphones and mobile internet access, investors are increasingly favoring mobile platforms for their trading activities due to their convenience and accessibility. Mobile trading apps offer users the ability to trade, monitor portfolios, and access financial information on the go, which appeals to both active traders and casual investors. This shift towards mobile platforms is supported by innovations in-app functionality, user experience, and security features. As more investors seek flexibility and real-time engagement with their investments, the demand for sophisticated and user-friendly mobile trading applications continues to rise, propelling market growth.

Restraint Factor for the Stock Market

Stringent Rules and Regulations to Impede the Adoption of Online Trading Platforms

Regulatory compliance and legal challenges are major restraints for the stock trading and investing market share. The financial industry is heavily regulated, with strict rules governing trading practices, data protection, and financial disclosures. Compliance with these regulations requires substantial investment in legal expertise, technology, and administrative processes. Changes in regulations can also introduce uncertainty and additional compliance costs for application providers. For example, regulations such as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II) in Europe and the Dodd-Frank Act in the U.S. impose stringent requirements on trading practices and transparency. Failure to adhere to these regulations can result in legal penalties and damage to a company’s reputation, which can inhibit market growth and innovation in trading applications.

Market Volatility and Investor Uncertainty

The stock market is highly sensitive to global economic conditions, geopolitical tensions, interest rate fluctuations, and unexpected events (such as pandemics or wars). This inherent volatility can lead to sharp declines in investor confidence and capital outflows, especially among retai...

Interactive chart showing the YTD daily performance of the Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market index. Performance is shown as the percentage gain from the last trading day of the previous year.

Interactive chart of the S&P 500 stock market index over the last 10 years. Values shown are daily closing prices. The most recent value is updated on an hourly basis during regular trading hours.

US Composite: Index: Dow Jones Composite Average Total Return data was reported at 32,138.880 NA in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 33,312.100 NA for Mar 2025. US Composite: Index: Dow Jones Composite Average Total Return data is updated monthly, averaging 18,259.895 NA from Jan 2012 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 160 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36,237.720 NA in Nov 2024 and a record low of 8,179.630 NA in May 2012. US Composite: Index: Dow Jones Composite Average Total Return data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Exchange Data International Limited. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.EDI.SE: US Composite (NYSE, NASDAQ): Dow Jones: Monthly.

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, rose to 3520 points on July 14, 2025, gaining 0.27% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.86% and is up 18.35% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.