2 datasets found
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    Collins and Wanamaker Black Americans’ Landholdings and Economic Mobility...

    • openicpsr.org
    Updated Mar 26, 2023
    + more versions
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    William Collins; Marianne Wanamaker (2023). Collins and Wanamaker Black Americans’ Landholdings and Economic Mobility after Emancipation [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E187441V1
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    Dataset updated
    Mar 26, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    Vanderbilt University
    University of Tennessee
    Authors
    William Collins; Marianne Wanamaker
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Abstract: Large and persistent racial disparities in land-based wealth were an important legacy of the Reconstruction era. To assess how these disparities were transmitted intergenerationally, we build a dataset to observe Black households’ landholdings in 1880 alongside a sample of White households. We then link sons from all households to the 1900 census records to observe their economic and human capital outcomes. We show that Black landowners (relative to laborers) transmitted substantial intergenerational advantages to their sons, including an 11 pp advantage in literacy. But such advantages were small relative to the racial gaps in metrics of economic status.

  2. Educational attainment in the U.S. 1960-2022

    • statista.com
    Updated May 30, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Educational attainment in the U.S. 1960-2022 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/184260/educational-attainment-in-the-us/
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    Dataset updated
    May 30, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United States
    Description

    In 2022, about 37.7 percent of the U.S. population who were aged 25 and above had graduated from college or another higher education institution, a slight decline from 37.9 the previous year. However, this is a significant increase from 1960, when only 7.7 percent of the U.S. population had graduated from college. Demographics Educational attainment varies by gender, location, race, and age throughout the United States. Asian-American and Pacific Islanders had the highest level of education, on average, while Massachusetts and the District of Colombia are areas home to the highest rates of residents with a bachelor’s degree or higher. However, education levels are correlated with wealth. While public education is free up until the 12th grade, the cost of university is out of reach for many Americans, making social mobility increasingly difficult. Earnings White Americans with a professional degree earned the most money on average, compared to other educational levels and races. However, regardless of educational attainment, males typically earned far more on average compared to females. Despite the decreasing wage gap over the years in the country, it remains an issue to this day. Not only is there a large wage gap between males and females, but there is also a large income gap linked to race as well.

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Share
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Click to copy link
Link copied
Close
Cite
William Collins; Marianne Wanamaker (2023). Collins and Wanamaker Black Americans’ Landholdings and Economic Mobility after Emancipation [Dataset]. http://doi.org/10.3886/E187441V1

Collins and Wanamaker Black Americans’ Landholdings and Economic Mobility after Emancipation

Explore at:
Dataset updated
Mar 26, 2023
Dataset provided by
Vanderbilt University
University of Tennessee
Authors
William Collins; Marianne Wanamaker
License

Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License information was derived automatically

Description

Abstract: Large and persistent racial disparities in land-based wealth were an important legacy of the Reconstruction era. To assess how these disparities were transmitted intergenerationally, we build a dataset to observe Black households’ landholdings in 1880 alongside a sample of White households. We then link sons from all households to the 1900 census records to observe their economic and human capital outcomes. We show that Black landowners (relative to laborers) transmitted substantial intergenerational advantages to their sons, including an 11 pp advantage in literacy. But such advantages were small relative to the racial gaps in metrics of economic status.

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