India Foreign Exchange Rate: RBI: Interbank: US Dollars: Low data was reported at 72.665 INR/USD in 28 Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 72.775 INR/USD for 27 Sep 2018. India Foreign Exchange Rate: RBI: Interbank: US Dollars: Low data is updated daily, averaging 47.998 INR/USD from Aug 2000 (Median) to 28 Sep 2018, with 4259 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.985 INR/USD in 18 Sep 2018 and a record low of 39.280 INR/USD in 15 Jan 2008. India Foreign Exchange Rate: RBI: Interbank: US Dollars: Low data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table IN.MC002: Foreign Exchange Rate: Reserve Bank of India: Interbank.

A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to 150, whereas analysts suspected it should be around 90 given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at 5.25 percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

The U.S. dollar was the most common currency in foreign exchange reserves in 2023, comprising more than three times the amount of the euro in global reserves that year. This total peaked in 2015, partly due to the strength of the dollar during the Eurozone crisis. The share of the U.S. dollar has lost since to the Japanese yen and euro, as well as other currencies. Why do foreign exchange reserves matter? When countries with different currencies export goods, they must agree on a currency for payment. As a result, countries hold currency reserves worth trillions of U.S. dollars. After World War II, the U.S. dollar itself became the international currency in the Bretton Woods Agreement and is thus the most common currency for international payments. The United States Treasury is also seen by most as risk-free, giving the country a low-risk premium. For this reason, countries hold U.S. dollars in reserve because the currency holds value relatively well eventually. China and currency reserves Since 2016, the International Monetary Fund has included the Chinese renminbi (yuan) as part of the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket. This decision recognized the influence of the renminbi as a reserve currency, particularly in several Asian countries. China also holds significant foreign exchange reserves itself, funded by its large positive trade balance.

United States U.S. Dollar Index: Futures: Low data was reported at 106.922 Mar1973=100 in Feb 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 108.043 Mar1973=100 for Jan 2025. United States U.S. Dollar Index: Futures: Low data is updated monthly, averaging 93.125 Mar1973=100 from Nov 1985 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 472 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 125.701 Mar1973=100 in Dec 1985 and a record low of 72.031 Mar1973=100 in Apr 2008. United States U.S. Dollar Index: Futures: Low data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Barchart.com, Inc.. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.M026: US Dollar Index.

Long term historical dataset of the daily U.S. Dollar - Japanese Yen (USDJPY) exchange rate back to 1971.

As of August 1, 2023, one U.S. dollar could buy 21,021.7 Sierra Leonean leones (SLL), the highest exchange rate among the African currencies. Furthermore, one U.S. dollar corresponded to 758.9 Nigerian naira (NGN), 30.85 Egyptian pounds (EGP), 18.03 South African rand (ZAR), and 9.86 Moroccan dirhams (MAD) as of the same date.

Exchange rates and inflation: a case study of West African countries

Exchange rates can affect a country's inflation rate and the purchasing power of its currency. If a country's currency depreciates significantly, it can lead to higher inflation as the cost of imported goods and services increases. Indeed, the inflation rate in Sierra Leone increased steeply over the past two years. The IMF further estimates that inflation will continue to rise before falling again. This high inflation and other factors also led to the depreciation of the SLL. Furthermore, a regional perspective showed that Nigeria and Liberia faced similar high inflation rates.

Businesses' strategies for tackling inflation

Unfavorable exchange rates negatively impact countries' economies. It does this in various ways, including limiting businesses' ability to grow. Issues such as inflation affect purchasing power and businesses' investment decisions. In 2023, a survey revealed that a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) employed various measures to offset the impact of inflation. Approximately 36 percent of these businesses tapped into their personal savings to bolster their operations, while another 32 percent opted to scale down their business activities.

United States Money Supply M2: Small Time Deposits data was reported at 520.100 USD bn in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 507.800 USD bn for Sep 2018. United States Money Supply M2: Small Time Deposits data is updated monthly, averaging 766.250 USD bn from Jan 1959 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 718 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,461.400 USD bn in Dec 2008 and a record low of 11.200 USD bn in Dec 1959. United States Money Supply M2: Small Time Deposits data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.KA005: Money Stock, Liquid Assets and Debt Measures: Monthly.

One United States dollar was worth over 15,000 Indonesian rupiah in March 2024, the highest value in a comparison of over 50 different currencies worldwide. All countries and territories shown here are based on the Big Mac Index - a measurement of how much a single Big Mac is worth across different areas in the world. This exchange rate comparison reveals a strong position of the dollar in Asia and Latin America. Note, though, that several of the top currencies shown here do not rank among the most traded. The quarterly U.S. dollar exchange rate against the 10 biggest forex currencies only contains the Korean won and the Japanese yen.

Long term historical dataset of the daily British Pound - U.S. Dollar (GBPUSD) exchange rate back to 1971.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Syria: Average: US Dollar data was reported at 436.000 SYP/USD in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 436.000 SYP/USD for Sep 2018. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Syria: Average: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 264.244 SYP/USD from Jan 2012 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 521.543 SYP/USD in May 2016 and a record low of 67.775 SYP/USD in Sep 2012. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Syria: Average: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Syria . The data is categorized under Global Database’s Syrian Arab Republic – Table SY.M002: Foreign Exchange Rates.

In 2023, the average exchange rate from U.S. dollars to Indonesian rupiah amounted to approximately 15,416, meaning that one U.S. dollar could buy 15,416 Indonesian rupiah. During the surveyed period, the Indonesian rupiah exchange rate against the U.S. dollar fluctuated and tended to depreciate. Inflation in Indonesia Indonesia's inflation rate has risen in the past few months due to rising food prices and airfares. The annual inflation rate in June 2022 was the highest in the past few years. This value finally passed Indonesia's central bank's inflation target range for that year, between two and four percent. However, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine-Russia war, the inflation rate increase in Indonesia is still relatively low compared to other countries, showing a strong economy. Balance of trade in Indonesia Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Indonesia has seen growth in trade, particularly for coal, palm oil, and minerals. Coal exports were briefly prohibited at the beginning of the year to secure domestic supplies, but they quickly resumed and reached record highs in March 2022. With this rising trade and steady development, Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, is also expected to attract more foreign investment, lowering inflation and increasing the country's currency exchange rate.

Ethereum's price history suggests that that crypto was worth significantly less in 2022 than during late 2021, although nowhere near the lowest price recorded. Much like Bitcoin (BTC), the price of ETH went up in 2021 but for different reasons altogether: Ethereum, for instance, hit the news when a digital art piece was sold as the world's most expensive NFT for over 38,000 ETH - or 69.3 million U.S. dollars. Unlike Bitcoin - of which the price growth was fueled by the IPO of the U.S.' biggest crypto trader Coinbase - the rally on Ethereum came from technological developments that caused much excitement among traders. First, the so-called 'Berlin update' rolled out on the Ethereum network in April 2021, an update which would eventually lead to the Ethereum Merge in 2022 and reduced ETH gas prices - or reduced transaction fees. The collapse of FTX in late 2022, however, changed much for the cryptocurrency. As of March 12, 2025, Ethereum was worth 1,908.98 U.S. dollars - significantly less than the 4,400 U.S. dollars by the end of 2021.Ethereum's future and the DeFi industry Price developments on Ethereum are difficult to predict, but cannot be seen without the world of DeFi - or Decentralized Finance. This industry used technology to remove intermediaries between parties in a financial transaction. One example includes crypto wallets such as Coinbase Wallet that grew in popularity in recent years, with other examples including smart contractor Uniswap, Maker (responsible for stablecoin DAI), money lender Dharma and market protocol Compound. Ethereum's future developments are tied with this industry: Unlike Bitcoin and Ripple, Ethereum is technically not a currency but an open-source software platform for blockchain applications - with Ether being the cryptocurrency that is used inside the Ethereum network. Essentially, Ethereum facilitates DeFi - meaning that if DeFi does well, so does Ethereum.NFTs: the most well-known application of EthereumNFTs or non-fungible tokens grew nearly ten-fold between 2018 and 2020, as can be seen in the market cap of NFTs worldwide. These digital blockchain assets can essentially function as a unique code connected to a digital file, allowing to distinguish the original file from any potential copies. This application is especially prominent in crypto art, although there are other applications: gaming, sports and collectibles are other segments where NFT sales occur.

Argentina Trading Value: BCBA: USD: Small & Medium Enterprises data was reported at 0.000 ARS mn in Feb 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.003 ARS mn for Jan 2021. Argentina Trading Value: BCBA: USD: Small & Medium Enterprises data is updated monthly, averaging 0.003 ARS mn from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2021, with 254 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.869 ARS mn in Feb 2018 and a record low of 0.000 ARS mn in Nov 2009. Argentina Trading Value: BCBA: USD: Small & Medium Enterprises data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.Z003: Buenos Aires Stock Exchange: Trading Value (Discontinued).

United States Spot Exchange Rate: Japanese Yen to US Dollar data was reported at 112.722 JPY/USD in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 112.097 JPY/USD for Sep 2018. United States Spot Exchange Rate: Japanese Yen to US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 123.103 JPY/USD from Jan 1971 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 574 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 358.020 JPY/USD in Jan 1971 and a record low of 76.643 JPY/USD in Oct 2011. United States Spot Exchange Rate: Japanese Yen to US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M015: Spot Exchange Rate.

Dogecoin (DOGE) price per day from July 1, 2022 to March 26, 2025 (in U.S. cents)

Key information about Singapore Exchange Rate against USD

• Singapore Exchange Rate against USD averaged 1.339 (USD/SGD) in May 2023, compared with 1.332 USD/SGD in the previous month.
• Singapore Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 3.061 in Nov 1971 and a record low of 1.209 in Aug 2011.

CEIC extends history for monthly average Exchange Rate against USD. Federal Reserve Board provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1981 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Singapore Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Singapore SIBOR: SGD: Month End: 3 Months was reported at 4.089 % pa in May 2023.
• Its Long Term Interest Rate (Government Securities: Yield: Month End: 10 Years) was reported at 2.850 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month Avg: Singapore: Overnight Rate) was set at 3.724 % pa in May 2023.

Key information about Nigeria Exchange Rate against USD

• Nigeria Exchange Rate against USD averaged 460.702 (USD/NGN) in May 2023, compared with 460.418 USD/NGN in the previous month.
• Nigeria Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 460.702 in May 2023 and a record low of 0.530 in Nov 1980.

CEIC calculates monthly average Exchange Rate against USD from daily average Exchange Rate. Central Bank of Nigeria provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 2002 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Nigeria Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Nigeria Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: NIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 12.570 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End) was set at 18.500 % pa in May 2023.

Key information about Azerbaijan Exchange Rate against USD

• Azerbaijan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 1.700 (USD/AZN) in May 2023, compared with 1.700 USD/AZN in the previous month.
• Azerbaijan Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Dec 1992 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1.818 in Jan 2017 and a record low of 0.011 in Dec 1992.

CEIC calculates average Exchange Rate against USD from daily average Exchange Rate. Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan provides average Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to February 2006 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Azerbaijan Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Azerbaijan Short Term Interest Rate: Monthly Average: Interbank Rate: Foreign Currency: 1 to 3 Months was reported at 1.288 % pa in May 2022.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Refinancing Rate) was set at 9.000 % pa in May 2023.

Palau PW: Official Rate: Period Average: National Currency per USD data was reported at 1.000 USD/USD in Sep 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1.000 USD/USD for Jun 2018. Palau PW: Official Rate: Period Average: National Currency per USD data is updated quarterly, averaging 1.000 USD/USD from Mar 2005 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 55 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.000 USD/USD in Sep 2018 and a record low of 1.000 USD/USD in Sep 2018. Palau PW: Official Rate: Period Average: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Palau – Table PW.IMF.IFS: Foreign Exchange Rates: Quarterly.

Key information about Jordan Exchange Rate against USD

• Jordan Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.709 (USD/JOD) in May 2023, compared with 0.709 USD/JOD in the previous month.
• Jordan Exchange Rate against USD data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1957 to May 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 0.714 in Sep 1995 and a record low of 0.291 in Jul 1980.

CEIC calculates monthly average Exchange Rate against USD as the average of monthly Buy and Sell rates for the period. Central Bank of Jordan provides average Buy and Sell of Exchange Rate against USD. Exchange Rate against USD prior to January 1999 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Key information about Jordan Exchange Rate against USD

• In the latest reports, Jordan Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: JODIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 8.193 % pa in May 2023.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Rediscount Rate) was set at 8.250 % pa in May 2023.