This statistical report, co-authored with the UK Health Security Agency (UKSHA), reports childhood vaccination coverage statistics for England in 2023-24. Data relates to the routine vaccinations offered to all children up to the age of 5 years, derived from the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER). Additional information on children aged 2 and 3 vaccinated against seasonal flu are collected from GPs through UKHSA's ImmForm system.

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Provisional monthly uptake data for seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines for frontline HCWs working in trusts, independent sector healthcare providers (ISHCPs), and GP practices in England.

Data is presented at national, NHS regional and individual trust levels.

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Vaccination rates and odds ratios by socio-demographic group among people living in England.

Childhood Vaccination Coverage Statistics- England 2017-18 [NS] The information in this bulletin about immunisation statistics in England comes from Public Health England (PHE). Information on childhood vaccination coverage at ages 1, 2 and 5 years is collected through the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) data collection for Upper Tier Local Authorities (LAs). Information on children aged 2 and 3 vaccinated against seasonal flu are collected from GPs through PHE's ImmForm system.

As of July 17, 2022, it was estimated that around every person aged 75 to 79 years of age in England had received at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Although the source does mention that this is likely to be an overestimation due to population figures taken from 2020. The data shows that at least a quarter of men under 30 years of age have not yet had two vaccine doses, with women more likely to be vaccinated among younger age groups.

Figures on coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine uptake in school pupils aged 12 to 17 years attending state-funded secondary, sixth form and special schools, broken down by demographic and geographic characteristics, using a linked English Schools Census and National Immunisation Management System dataset. Experimental Statistics.

All children for whom the local authority is responsible who received two doses of MMR on or after their first birthday and at any time up to their fifth birthday as a percentage of all children whose fifth birthday falls within the time period.RationaleMMR is the combined vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella. Measles, mumps and rubella are highly infectious, common conditions that can have serious complications, including meningitis, swelling of the brain (encephalitis) and deafness. They can also lead to complications in pregnancy that affect the unborn baby and can lead to miscarriage.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine preventable communicable diseases. Coverage is closely correlated with levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The first MMR vaccine is given to children as part of the routine vaccination schedule, usually within a month of their first birthday. They'll then have a booster dose before starting school, which is usually between three and five years of age. Previous evidence shows that highlighting vaccination programmes encourages improvements in uptake levels.May also have relevance for NICE guidance PH21: Reducing differences in the uptake of immunisations (The guidance aims to increase immunisation uptake among those aged under 19 years from groups where uptake is low).Definition of numeratorTotal number of children whose fifth birthday falls within the time period who received two doses of MMR on or after their first birthday and at any time before their fifth birthday.Data for 2013 to 2014 are available at source at LA level. Data prior to 2013 to 2014 were collected at PCT level and converted to LA level using the criteria as described in the notes section below.Definition of denominatorTotal number of children whose fifth birthday falls within the time period.Data from 2013 and 2014 are available at source at LA level. Data prior to 2013 and 2014 were collected at PCT level and converted to LA level using the criteria as described in the notes section below.CaveatsFull GP postcodes are used to aggregate data to ICB. The GP-level coverage data is collected by NHS Digital Strategic Data Collection Service (SDCS) and published by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) COVER team. ICB data is experimental data and should be treated with caution. It is not an official statistic.

Children for whom the local authority is responsible who completed a booster course of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio (DTaP and IPV) vaccine at any time by their fifth birthday as a percentage of all children whose fifith birthday falls within the time period.RationaleA booster vaccine for diphtheria, tetanus, pertusiss and polio disease has been in the routine childhood immunisation programme since late 2001. It is currently offered at 3 year and 4 months or soon after. Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine preventable communicable diseases. Coverage is closely correlated with levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise. Previous evidence shows that highlighting vaccination programmes encourages improvements in uptake levels. May also have relevance for NICE guidance PH21: Reducing differences in the uptake of immunisations (The guidance aims to increase immunisation uptake among those aged under 19 years from groups where uptake is low).Definition of numeratorNumber of children in LA responsible population whose fifth birthday falls within the time period who received a DTaP and IPV booster at any time before their fifth birthday.Definition of denominatorTotal number of children in LA responsible population whose fifth birthday falls within the time period. Coverage figures are supplied for patients registered with GPs based in that LA and for unregistered patients who were resident in that LA. The LA responsible population is therefore different from the estimated resident population figures produced by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) for each LA. For the COVER collection, the LA responsible population is usually derived from the population registers held on CHISs.CaveatsFull GP postcodes are used to aggregate data to ICB. The GP-level coverage data is collected by NHS Digital Strategic Data Collection Service (SDCS) and published by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) COVER team. ICB data is experimental and should be treated with caution as it is not an official statistic.Information on childhood immunisation coverage at ages one, two, and five is collected through the UK COVER collection by UKHSA. These aggregated data are collected from CHISs, computerised systems storing clinical records that support health promotion and prevention activities for children, including immunisation. In England, COVER data are collected for Upper Tier Local Authorities (LAs) using the COVER data collection form. These are established collections based on total populations, not samples.The number of CHIS systems has decreased from over 100 in 2015 to around 70 by mid-2017. As different phases of the digital strategy are implemented across the country, it is anticipated that there may be further temporary local data quality issues associated with the transition. Temporary data quality issues in some London COVER returns during 2017 to 2018 were observed in the quarterly COVER reports as the new Hubs became responsible for generating coverage data. Changes in vaccine coverage within London should therefore be interpreted with caution for the time being.Data are extracted directly from local population registers, and data issues are generally related to underestimation of coverage. There may be some overestimation of denominators due to children who have moved away remaining on the area register, which can lead to underestimates of coverage. In some areas, it is known that a small number of GPs do not submit vaccination data to the local CHIS, also resulting in underestimation of coverage. Using non-standardised data extraction methods could result in overestimated coverage.Caution should be exercised when comparing coverage figures over time due to occasional data quality issues reported by some data suppliers. Apparent trends could reflect changes in the quality of data reported as well as real changes in vaccination coverage. While this issue will be more apparent at the local level, it may also impact national figures. Similarly, some caution should be exercised when comparing coverage between different areas where data quality issues have been reported.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination rates among adults who live in England, including estimates by socio-demographic characteristic and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) 2020

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in children aged 2 to 3 years old, who received the flu vaccination between 1st September to the end of February as recorded in the GP record. The February collection has been adopted for our end of season figures from 2017 to 2018. All previous data is the same definitions but until the end of January rather than February to consider data returning from outside the practice and later in practice vaccinations.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual flu letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 70% vaccine uptake in those aged 2 to 3 years old. Prior to this, the national vaccine uptake ambition was 75% in line with WHO targets.Definition of numeratorNumerator is the number of vaccinations administered during the influenza season between 1st September and the end of February.Definition of denominatorDenominator is the GP registered population on the date of extraction including patients who have been offered the vaccine but refused it, as the uptake rate is measured against the overall eligible population. For more detailed information please see the user guide, available to view and download from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptakeCaveatsThis collection has received approval from the Data Coordination Board (DCB).Data is final and represents a percentage of all GP practices in England responding to the final survey. Where a total for England is quoted (e.g., a sum of the number of patients registered and number vaccinated), this is taken from the GP practice sample and is therefore not an extrapolated figure.For definitions of clinical at-risk groups for those aged 6 months to under 65 years, see the annual flu letter published at Annual Flu Programme.The age under 65 clinical at-risk group data includes pregnant women with other risk factors but excludes otherwise 'healthy' pregnant women and carers.All figures are derived from data as extracted from records on GP systems or as submitted by GP practices, Area Teams, and CCGs.Data source: ImmForm website: registered patient GP practice data, Influenza Immunisation Vaccine Uptake Monitoring Programme, OHID.

As of January 18, 2023, Portugal had the highest COVID-19 vaccination rate in Europe having administered 272.78 doses per 100 people in the country, while Malta had administered 258.49 doses per 100. The UK was the first country in Europe to approve the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for widespread use and began inoculations on December 8, 2020, and so far have administered 224.04 doses per 100. At the latest data, Belgium had carried out 253.89 doses of vaccines per 100 population. Russia became the first country in the world to authorize a vaccine - named Sputnik V - for use in the fight against COVID-19 in August 2020. As of August 4, 2022, Russia had administered 127.3 doses per 100 people in the country.

The seven-day rate of cases across Europe shows an ongoing perspective of which countries are worst affected by the virus relative to their population. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

This statistical report, co-authored with Public Health England (PHE), reports childhood vaccination coverage statistics for England in 2018-19. Data relates to the routine vaccinations offered to all children up to the age of five years, derived from the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER). Additional information on children aged 2 and 3 vaccinated against seasonal flu are collected from GPs through PHE's ImmForm system.

These data describe pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) uptake for the survey year, for those aged 65 years and over.RationaleVaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine preventable communicable diseases. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise. Pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Certain groups are at risk for severe pneumococcal disease, these include young children, the elderly and people who are in clinical risk groups2. Pneumococcal infections can be non invasive such as bronchitis, otitis media or invasive such as septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis. Cases of invasive pneumococcal infection usually peak in the winter during December and January. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) protects against 23 types of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium. It is thought that the PPV is around 50 percent to 70 percent effective at preventing more serious types of invasive pneumococcal infection2.Since 1992 the 23 valent PPV has been recommended for people in the clinical risk groups and since 2003, the PPV vaccination programme has expanded to include immunisation to all those aged 65 years and over in England1This indicator was judged to be a valid and an important measure of public health and was therefore included in the public health outcomes framework. Inclusion of these indicators will encourage the continued prioritisation and evaluation and the effectiveness of the PPV vaccination programme and give an indication of uptake at an upper tier Local Authority level. The vaccination surveys measure the proportion of eligible people that have received PPV at any time and the proportion that received PPV during the previous year, providing an opportunity to assess the delivery of the immunisation programme11 Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV) coverage report, England, April 2013 to March 2014 [online]. 2015 [cited 2015 Mar]. Available from URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pneumococcal-polysaccharide-vaccine-ppv-vaccine-coverage-estimates 2 Pneumococcal infections, NHS Choices [online]. 2013 [cited 2013 Dec]. Available from URL: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/pages/pneumococcal-vaccination.aspxDefinition of numeratorUKHSA provided UTLA level data. Clinical commissioning group (CCG) data is available from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#ppv-vaccine-uptakeDefinition of denominatorNumber of adults aged 65 years and over. Data from 2013 to 2014 are now available at source at a local authority level. Data prior to 2013 to 2014 were collected at a PCT level and converted to LA level for inclusion in PHOF using the criteria as defined below:Denominators for local authorities are estimated from denominators for PCTs. Denominators for PCTs include all people registered with practices accountable to the PCT, and no data are available to provide resident-based figures. Denominators for local authorities are estimated as follows: (For local authorities that have exactly the same boundary as a PCT, the PCT figure is used as it is the only estimate available for the residents of the PCT and local authority. For local authorities whose boundary is contained wholly within a single PCT, but is not equal to the whole PCT, the LA denominator is estimated as a proportion of the PCT figure, with the exceptions of Isles of Scilly, City of London, Rutland, Cornwall, Hackney and Leicestershire (see below). For local authorities whose boundaries include all or part of more than one PCT, the local authority denominator is estimated by aggregating the appropriate proportions of the denominators for the PCTs whose boundaries include part of the local authority. The appropriate proportions in cases ii and iii are defined according to the resident population (in the appropriate age group) in the calendar year overlapping most of the period of the indicator value (or the most recent available): resident population by Lower Layer Super Output Area were extracted and used to calculate the population resident in every LA PCT overlapping block.To calculate the denominator, each LA PCT overlap is calculated as a proportion of the PCT resident population, and then multiplied by the denominator for the PCT. A LA may overlap several PCTs: the appropriate portions of all the PCTs’ denominators are aggregated to give the denominator estimate for the LA. Expressed as an equation the denominator is calculated as follows: DenominatorLA = ∑ (DenominatorPCT × n/N) summed over all PCTs overlapping the LA where: DenominatorLA = Estimated denominator in the LA n = Population resident in the LA-PCT overlapping block N = Population resident in the PCT DenominatorPCT = Denominator in the PCT For Isles of Scilly, City of London and Rutland, no indicator data are presented (prior to 2013 to 2014), as the local authority makes up a very small proportion of the PCT, and estimates for the LAs based on the PCT figures are unlikely to be representative as they are swamped by the much larger local authority within the same PCT. The estimates for Cornwall, Hackney and Leicestershire local authorities are combined data for Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, City of London and Hackney, and Leicestershire and Rutland respectively in order to ensure that all valid PCT data are included in the England total.Denominators for Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, City of London and Hackney, and Leicestershire and Rutland are not combined for the 2019 to 2020 annual local authority level data."CaveatsThe pneumococcal vaccine uptake collection is a snapshot of GP patients vaccinated currently registered at the time of data extraction. The proportion of GP practices who provided data for the surveys are available from the uptake reports. Data will exclude patients who have received the vaccine but have subsequently died, patients who have since moved, or patients that are vaccinated but have not had their electronic patient record updated by the time of data extraction. Data for local authorities prior to 2013 to 2014 have been estimated from registered PCT level indicators. While the majority of patients registered with practices accountable to a PCT tend to be resident within that PCT, there are, in some PCTs, significant differences between their resident and registered populations. Therefore the estimates for LAs may not always accurately reflect the resident population of the local authority (LA). Please note that the PCT response rate should be checked for data completeness as this will have a knock on effect to the LA values.

The information in this bulletin about immunisation statistics in England comes from Public Health England (PHE). Information on childhood immunisation coverage at ages 1, 2 and 5 years is collected through the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER) data collection for Upper Tier Local Authorities (LAs). Information on children aged 2, 3 and 4 immunised against seasonal flu are collected from GPs through PHE's ImmForm system.

Children for whom the local authority is responsible who completed a course of Meningococcal group B (MenB) vaccine at any time by their first birthday as a percentage of all children whose first birthday falls within the time period.RationaleThe MenB vaccine protects against invasive meningococcal disease caused by capsule group B, which most commonly presents as septicaemia, meningitis, or a combination of both. The vaccine was introduced into the routine childhood immunisation programme in September 2015 for babies at 8 and 16 weeks of age, with a booster dose after the first birthday.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population has against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Coverage is closely correlated with levels of disease. Monitoring coverage helps identify possible drops in immunity before disease levels rise. The MenB vaccine is given to all children under two years old as part of the childhood vaccination programme.Previous evidence shows that highlighting vaccination programmes encourages improvements in uptake levels. This may also be relevant for NICE guidance PH21: Reducing differences in the uptake of immunisations, which aims to increase immunisation uptake among those under 19 years from groups where uptake is low.Definition of numeratorTotal number of children in LA responsible population whose first birthday falls within the time period who received two doses of MenB at any time before their first birthday.Definition of denominatorTotal number of children in LA responsible population whose first birthday falls within the time period. Coverage figures are supplied for patients registered with GPs based in that LA and for unregistered patients who were resident in that LA. The LA responsible population is therefore different from the estimated resident population figures produced by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) for each LA. For the COVER collection, the LA responsible population is usually derived from the population registers held on CHISs.CaveatsFull GP postcodes are used to aggregate data to ICB. The GP-level coverage data is collected by NHS Digital Strategic Data Collection Service (SDCS) and published by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) COVER team. ICB data is experimental and should be treated with caution as it is not an official statistic.MenB primary data are available as National Statistics for the first time in 2017 to 2018. Information on childhood immunisation coverage at ages one, two, and five is collected through the UK COVER collection by UKHSA. These aggregated data are collected from CHISs, computerised systems storing clinical records that support health promotion and prevention activities for children, including immunisation. In England, COVER data are collected for Upper Tier Local Authorities (LAs) using the COVER data collection form. These are established collections based on total populations, not samples.The number of CHIS systems has decreased from over 100 in 2015 to around 70 by mid-2017. As different phases of the digital strategy are implemented across the country, it is anticipated that there may be further temporary local data quality issues associated with the transition. Temporary data quality issues in some London COVER returns during 2017 to 2018 were observed in the quarterly COVER reports as the new Hubs became responsible for generating coverage data. Changes in vaccine coverage within London should therefore be interpreted with caution for the time being.Caution should be exercised when comparing coverage figures over time due to occasional data quality issues reported by some data suppliers. Apparent trends could reflect changes in the quality of data reported as well as real changes in vaccination coverage. While this issue will be more apparent at the local level, it may also impact national figures. Similarly, some caution should be exercised when comparing coverage between different areas where data quality issues have been reported.

All persons aged 13 to 14 years who have received the second (completing) dose of the HPV vaccine within each reporting area (local authority LA) as a percentage of all persons aged 13 to 14 years within each areaRationaleThe national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme was introduced in 2008 for secondary school year 8 females (12 to 13 years of age) to protect them against the main causes of cervical cancer. While it was initially a three dose vaccination programme, it was run as a two dose schedule from September 2014 following expert advice.The first HPV vaccine dose is usually offered to females in Year 8 (aged 12 to 13 years) and the second dose 12 months later in Year 9, but some local areas have scheduled the second dose from six months after the first. Therefore the completed course coverage is not available until the end of Year 9.From September 2019, 12 to 13 year old males became eligible for HPV immunisation alongside females, based on JCVI advice.Definition of numeratorNumber of persons in school year 9 (aged 13 to 14) who have received the second dose of HPV vaccine within each LA.Definition of denominatorNumber of year 9 (aged 13 to 14) persons in each LA.CaveatsOn 23 March 2020, all educational settings in England were advised to close by the UK Government as part of COVID19 pandemic measures. Although the importance of maintaining good vaccine uptake was impressed, operational delivery of all school aged immunisation programmes was paused for a short period of time as a consequence of school closures limiting access to venues for providers and children who were eligible for vaccination.The NHSEI central public health commissioning and operations team rapidly established an Immunisation Task and Finish Group, with regional NHSEI and PHE representation. The group was established to:assess the impact of COVID19 on all immunisation programmes, including school aged programmesdevelop technical guidance and a plan for restoration and recovery of school aged programmes, once education settings were re openedFrom 1 June 2020 some schools partially re-opened for some year groups for a mini summer term. NHSEI published clinical guidance for healthcare professionals on maintaining immunisation programmes during COVID19, and the Department of Education published further guidance which led to schools allowing vaccination sessions to resume on site. NHSEI commissioned, school aged immunisation providers were able to implement their restoration and recovery plans to commence catch up during the summer of 2020. This included delivery of programmes in school and community settings following a robust risk assessment and in line with UK government public health COVID19 guidance. The aim was to ensure that those eligible for HPV vaccination had been offered at least one dose of vaccine in line with JCVI recommendations with the second dose scheduled at a later date.In September 2020, schools across the UK reopened for general in person attendance. During the 2020 to 2021 academic year, students were required to stay at home and learn remotely if they tested positive for COVID 19 or if they were a contact of a confirmed COVID19 case and so school attendance rates in England were lower than normal, especially in areas with very high COVID19 incidence rates. In England, as part of a wider national lockdown in January 2021, schools were closed to all, except children of keyworkers and vulnerable children. From early March 2021, primary schools reopened, with a phased reopening of secondary schools.Although this led to some disruption of school-based immunisation programme delivery in the 2020 to 2021 academic year, NHSEI Regional Public Health Commissioning teams worked with NHSEI commissioned school aged immunisation providers to maintain the delivery of the routine programme and catch up. As the routine programme is commissioned for a school aged cohort rather than a school based cohort, providers were able to build on existing arrangements such as community based clinics in place for home school children. A wide variety of local arrangements were established to ensure programme delivery continued effectively and safely in the school and community premises, during the term time and school breaks.

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in school aged children from Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 year olds) between 1st September to the end of January.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual flu letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 70% vaccine uptake in school aged children in Reception to Year 6 (age 4 to 11 years old).Definition of numeratorThe total number of children in the respective eligible age cohort that have received at least one dose of influenza vaccine from 1 September in school, pharmacy, and general practice.Definition of denominatorThe total number of children eligible for influenza vaccination in the LA geography and children educated out of school in the LA geography, defined by child age on 31 AugustCaveatsData for ICBs are estimated from local authority data. In most cases, ICBs are coterminous with local authorities, so the ICB figures are precise. In cases where local authorities cross ICB boundaries, the local authority data are proportionally split between ICBs, based on the population located in each ICB.The affected ICBs are:Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and WiltshireBedfordshire, Luton and Milton KeynesBuckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire WestCambridgeshire and PeterboroughFrimleyHampshire and Isle of WightHertfordshire and West EssexHumber and North YorkshireLancashire and South CumbriaNorfolk and WaveneyNorth East and North CumbriaSuffolk and North East EssexSurrey HeartlandsSussexWest YorkshireRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus may fall outside the listed read codes. Therefore, it is important to note that for the reasons mentioned, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.This collection is regularly submitted for approval from the Data Coordination Board (DCB).

This statistical report, co-authored with Public Health England (PHE), reports childhood vaccination coverage statistics for England in 2019-20. Data relates to the routine vaccinations offered to all children up to the age of five years, derived from the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly (COVER). Additional information on children aged 2 and 3 vaccinated against seasonal flu are collected from GPs through PHE's ImmForm system.