As of January 18, 2023, Portugal had the highest COVID-19 vaccination rate in Europe having administered 272.78 doses per 100 people in the country, while Malta had administered 258.49 doses per 100. The UK was the first country in Europe to approve the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for widespread use and began inoculations on December 8, 2020, and so far have administered 224.04 doses per 100. At the latest data, Belgium had carried out 253.89 doses of vaccines per 100 population. Russia became the first country in the world to authorize a vaccine - named Sputnik V - for use in the fight against COVID-19 in August 2020. As of August 4, 2022, Russia had administered 127.3 doses per 100 people in the country.

The seven-day rate of cases across Europe shows an ongoing perspective of which countries are worst affected by the virus relative to their population. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

In 2023, 73 cases of tetanus were reported across the European Economic Area. Italy recorded the most in one country with 28 cases, with no other country recording double figures.

As of January 17, 2023, 96.3 percent of adults in Ireland had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. According to the manufacturers of the majority of COVID-19 vaccines currently in use in Europe, being fully vaccinated is when a person receives two doses of the vaccine. In Portugal, 94.2 percent of adults had received a full course of the COVID-19 vaccination, as well as 93.9 percent of those in Malta had been fully vaccinated. On the other hand, only 35.8 percent of adults in Bulgaria had been fully vaccinated.

Furthermore, the seven-day rate of cases across Europe shows which countries are currently worst affected by the situation. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

IntroductionIn relatively wealthy countries, substantial between-country variability in COVID-19 vaccination coverage occurred. We aimed to identify influential national-level determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake at different COVID-19 pandemic stages in such countries.MethodsWe considered over 50 macro-level demographic, healthcare resource, disease burden, political, socio-economic, labor, cultural, life-style indicators as explanatory factors and coverage with at least one dose by June 2021, completed initial vaccination protocols by December 2021, and booster doses by June 2022 as outcomes. Overall, we included 61 European or Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. We performed 100 multiple imputations correcting for missing data and partial least squares regression for each imputed dataset. Regression estimates for the original covariates were pooled over the 100 results obtained for each outcome. Specific analyses focusing only on European Union (EU) or OECD countries were also conducted.ResultsHigher stringency of countermeasures, and proportionately more older adults, female and urban area residents, were each strongly and consistently associated with higher vaccination rates. Surprisingly, socio-economic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), democracy, and education had limited explanatory power. Overall and in the OECD, greater perceived corruption related strongly to lower vaccine uptake. In the OECD, social media played a noticeable positive role. In the EU, right-wing government ideology exhibited a consistently negative association, while cultural differences had strong overall influence.ConclusionRelationships between country-level factors and COVID-19 vaccination uptake depended on immunization stage and country reference group. Important determinants include stringency, population age, gender and urbanization, corruption, government ideology and cultural context.

According to a survey conducted in 2022, Slovakia had the lowest confidence in vaccines across the European Union. Only just over 60 percent of respondents in Slovenia believed Vaccines are safe. In neighboring Hungary, a similar share of respondents indicated they agreed vaccines were safe.

This dataset provides values for CORONAVIRUS VACCINATION TOTAL reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This study provides a macro-level societal and health system focused analysis of child vaccination rates in 30 European countries, exploring the effect of context on coverage. The importance of demography and health system attributes on health care delivery are recognized in other fields, but generally overlooked in vaccination. The analysis is based on correlating systematic data built up by the Models of Child Health Appraised (MOCHA) Project with data from international sources, so as to exploit a one-off opportunity to set the analysis within an overall integrated study of primary care services for children, and the learning opportunities of the ‘natural European laboratory’. The descriptive analysis shows an overall persistent variation of coverage across vaccines with no specific vaccination having a low rate in all the EU and EEA countries. However, contrasting with this, variation between total uptake per vaccine across Europe suggests that the challenge of low rates is related to country contexts of either policy, delivery, or public perceptions. Econometric analysis aiming to explore whether some population, policy and/or health system characteristics may influence vaccination uptake provides important results - GDP per capita and the level of the population’s higher education engagement are positively linked with higher vaccination coverage, whereas mandatory vaccination policy is related to lower uptake rates. The health system characteristics that have a significant positive effect are a cohesive management structure; a high nurse/doctor ratio; and use of practical care delivery reinforcements such as the home-based record and the presence of child components of e‑health strategies.

Content

The data presented in the Vaccine Tracker are submitted by European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries to ECDC through The European Surveillance System (TESSy) twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays). EU/EEA countries report aggregated data on the number of vaccine doses distributed by manufacturers to the country, the number of first, second and unspecified doses administered in the adult population (18+) overall, by age group and in specific target groups, such as healthcare workers (HCW) and in residents in long-term care facilities (LTCF). Doses are also reported by vaccine product. The downloadable data files contain the data on the COVID-19 vaccine rollout mentioned above and each row contains the corresponding data for a certain week and country. The file is updated daily. Data are subject to retrospective corrections; corrected datasets are released as soon as processing of updated national data has been completed. You may use the data in line with ECDC’s copyright policy.

• YearWeekISO: Date when the vaccine was received/administered. Only weeks are allowed (e.g. “2021-W01”). [yyyy-Www]
• ReportingCountry: ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 two-letter code
• Denominator: Population denominators for target groups (total population and agespecific population denominators do not need to be reported and will be obtained from Eurostat/UN). Denominators only need to be reported for TargetGroup = “HCW” and TargetGroup = “LTCF”. They should be reported every week for these target groups. [Numeric]
• NumberDosesReceived: Number of vaccine doses distributed by the manufacturers to the country during the reporting week. [Numeric]
• FirstDose: Number of first dose vaccine administered to individuals during the reporting week. [Numeric]
• FirstDoseRefused: Number of individuals refusing the first vaccine dose.[Numeric]
• SecondDose: Number of second dose vaccine administered to individuals during the reporting week.[Numeric]
• UnknownDose: Number of doses administered during the reporting week where the type of dose was not specified (i.e. it is not known whether it was a first or second dose).[Numeric]
• Region: As a minimum data should be reported at national level (Region = country code). Country/NUTS1 or 2/GAUL1/Country specific

• TargetGroup: Target group for vaccination. As a minimum the following should be reported: “ALL” for the overall figures, “HCW” for healthcare workers and age-groups (preferably using the detailed age-groups) ALL = Overall HCW = Healthcare workers LTCF = Residents in long term care facilities Age18_24 = 18-24 year-olds Age25_49 = 25-49 year-olds Age50_59 = 50-59 year-olds Age60_69 = 60-69 year-olds Age70_79 = 70-79 year-olds Age80+ = 80 years and over AgeUnk = Unknown age 1_Age<60 = below 60 years of age 1_Age60+ = 60 years and over

• Vaccine: Name of vaccine. Additional vaccines will be added on approval or as requested. COM = Comirnaty – Pfizer/BioNTech MOD = mRNA-1273 – Moderna CN = BBIBV-CorV – CNBG SIN = Coronavac – Sinovac SPU = Sputnik V - Gamaleya Research Institute AZ = AZD1222 – AstraZeneca UNK = UNKNOWN

• Population: Age-specific population for the country [Numeric]

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Acknowledgements

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

As of January 18, 2023, Germany had administered over 190 million COVID-19 vaccine doses, while France had administered approximately 153.9 million doses. The United Kingdom was the first country in Europe to approve the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for widespread use and began inoculations on December 8, 2020. Russia became the first country in the world to authorize a vaccine - named Sputnik V - for use in the fight against COVID-19 in August 2020. As of January 18, 2023, approximately 184 million COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered in Russia.

The seven-day rate of cases across Europe shows which countries are currently worst affected by the situation. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Vaccination is one of the most successful public health measures to date. Not only do vaccines prevent diseases and save lives, they also reduce healthcare costs. The European Commission has conducted a Special Eurobarometer presenting Europeans’ attitudes towards vaccination. While the results are positive in finding that 85% of EU citizens believe vaccination is an effective way to prevent infectious diseases, and 79% consult and trust a healthcare professional to get information about vaccinations, there are also some worrying findings: 48% Europeans believe – incorrectly – that vaccines can often produce severe side effects, and 38% think vaccines can cause the diseases against which they protect. More key figures can be found in the full Eurobarometer report.

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

Introduction: In 2021, the European Medicines Agency supported the “Covid Vaccine Monitor (CVM),” an active surveillance project spanning 13 European countries aimed at monitoring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in general and special populations (i.e., pregnant/breastfeeding women, children/adolescents, immunocompromised people, and people with a history of allergies or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection). Italy participated in this project as a large multidisciplinary network called the “ilmiovaccinoCOVID19 collaborating group.”Methods: The study aimed to describe the experience of the Italian network “ilmiovaccinoCOVID19 collaborating group” in the CVM context from June 2021 to February 2023. Comprising about 30 partners, the network aimed to facilitate vaccinee recruitment. Participants completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires within 48 h from vaccination over a 6-month period. Analyses focused on those who completed both the baseline and the first follow-up questionnaire (Q1), exploring temporal trends, vaccination campaign correlation, and loss to follow-up. Characteristics of recruited vaccinees and vaccinee-reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were compared with passive surveillance data in Italy.Results: From June 2021 to November 2022, 22,384,663 first doses and 38,207,452 booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines were administered in Italy. Simultaneously, the study enrolled 1,229 and 2,707 participants for the first and booster doses, respectively. Of these, 829 and 1,879 vaccinees, respectively, completed both baseline and at least Q1 and were included in the analyses, with a significant proportion of them (57.8%/34.3%) belonging to special cohorts. Most vaccinees included in the analyses were women. Comirnaty® (69%) and Spikevax® (29%) were the most frequently administered vaccines. ADR rates following Comirnaty® and Spikevax® were higher after the second dose, particularly following Spikevax®. Serious ADRs were infrequent. Differences were observed in ADR characteristics between CVM and Italian passive surveillance.Conclusion: This study confirmed the favorable safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines, with findings consistent with pivotal clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines, although different proportions of serious ADRs compared to spontaneous reporting were observed. Continuous evaluation through cohort event monitoring studies provides real-time insights crucial for regulatory responses. Strengthening infrastructure and implementing early monitoring strategies are essential to enhance vaccine safety assessment and prepare for future pandemics.

Objectives: Disease control is important to limit the social, economic and health effects of COVID-19 and reduce the risk of novel variants emerging. Evidence suggests vaccines are less effective against the Omicron variant, but their impact on disease control is unclear.Methods: We used a longitudinal fixed effects Poisson regression model to assess the impact of vaccination on COVID-19 case rates across 32 countries in Europe from 13th October to 01st January 2022. We controlled for country and time fixed effects and the severity of public health restrictions.Results: Full vaccination coverage increased by 4.2%, leading to a 54% reduction in case rates across Europe (p < 0.001). This protection decreased over time but remained significant at 5 weeks after the detection of Omicron. Mean booster vaccination rates increased from 2.71% to 24.5% but provided no significant additional benefit. For every one-unit increase in the severity of public health restrictions, case rates fell by a further 2% (p = 0.019).Conclusion: Full vaccination significantly limited the spread of COVID-19 and blunted the impact of the Omicron variant, despite becoming less useful over time.

BackgroundDespite the billions of doses at disposal, less than three-quarters of EU citizens received a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021. The situation is particularly worrying in transition societies, which experience much stronger opposition to vaccination compared to their Western counterparts. To understand whether and to what extent this has to do with the socialist legacy, in this paper we explore wider economic, political, and cultural determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the EU.MethodsData from Flash Eurobarometer 494 conducted in May 2021 were used to model the attitudes of EU citizens toward COVID-19 vaccination. Based on their views and intentions, each of 26,106 survey participants was allocated into one of the following categories: (1) already vaccinated/plan to get vaccinated; (2) indecisive; (3) refuse vaccination. Multilevel multinomial logit was employed to understand what underlies the reasoning of each group.ResultsThe survey revealed that 13.4% of Europeans planned to delay vaccination against COVID-19, while 11.2% did not intend to get vaccinated. Although numerous demographic and socio-economic factors jointly shape their viewpoints, it is trust (in the authorities, science, peers, and online social networks above all) that strongly dominates citizens' reasoning. Given that most transition societies are witnessing the pandemic of distrust at various levels, this seemingly unrelated feature appears to be vital in explaining why newer member states record lower vaccination rates. Education was also found to play a pivotal role, which is reflected in an individual's ability to critically assess information from various sources.ConclusionThe study results clearly illustrate how long-lasting structural problems (specific for, but not confined to, transition countries) can manifest themselves in unforeseen circumstances if left unaddressed. It is hence of vital importance to learn the lesson and prevent similar issues in the future. Above all, this would require wide-ranging reforms aiming to repair the imperceptible psychological contract between citizens and the state authorities.

European Vaccination Against Influenza of Population Aged 65 and over by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

European Sold Production of Vaccines for Veterinary Medicine by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

This Flash Eurobarometer survey conducted at the end of May 2021 shows that 75% agree that COVID-19 vaccines are the only way to end the pandemic. 69% are either already vaccinated, or eager to be vaccinated as soon as possible. 79% intend to get vaccinated sometime this year. However, there are significant variations among Member States and by age group, people under 45 being more hesitant than people above that age. On average, 70% think that the EU is playing a key role in ensuring access to COVID-19 vaccines in their country. A narrow majority of those who express a view are satisfied with the way the EU has handled the vaccination strategy (47% satisfied, 45% dissatisfied). Opinions on the way national governments have handled it are slightly more negative (46% satisfied, 49% dissatisfied).

The results by volumes are distributed as follows:

• Volume A: Countries
• Volume AA: Groups of countries
• Volume A' (AP): Trends
• Volume AA' (AAP): Trends of groups of countries
• Volume B: EU/socio-demographics
• Volume B' (BP) : Trends of EU/ socio-demographics
• Volume C: Country/socio-demographics ---- Researchers may also contact GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences: https://www.gesis.org/eurobarometer

The average for 2022 based on 27 countries was 93 percent. The highest value was in Greece: 99 percent and the lowest value was in Austria: 84 percent. The indicator is available from 1980 to 2022. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

European Sold Production of Antisera and Vaccines by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

This statistic displays the results of a survey carried out in the European Union asking respondents if they or someone in their family had received a vaccination in the last five years, as of 2019. According to the results, 84 percent of respondents in Finland had been vaccinated or someone in their family had been vaccinated within the last five years, the highest share in the EU.

The global travel vaccines market, valued at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by rising international travel, increasing awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases, and government initiatives promoting vaccination. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.33% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a significant expansion, reaching an estimated $9.5 billion by 2033. Key drivers include the increasing prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases in various regions, particularly in developing countries, alongside enhanced tourism infrastructure facilitating easier and more frequent global travel. Growth is further fueled by the development of novel vaccines, improved cold chain logistics for vaccine distribution, and increased public-private partnerships focused on vaccine accessibility and affordability. However, factors like high vaccine costs, vaccine hesitancy in certain demographics, and potential adverse reactions to certain vaccines pose challenges to market growth. The market is segmented by vaccine type (Cholera, DPT, Encephalitis, Hepatitis A, Meningococcal, Rabies, Typhoid, Yellow Fever, and others), travel type (domestic and outbound), and vaccination centers (hospitals, travel clinics, and others). Geographic segmentation reveals significant regional variations in market size and growth potential, with North America and Europe holding substantial market shares due to higher disposable incomes and advanced healthcare infrastructure. Asia-Pacific is expected to show significant growth driven by increasing travel and rising disposable incomes in several countries within the region. The competitive landscape is marked by the presence of major pharmaceutical companies such as Abbott Laboratories, AstraZeneca, CSL, Roche, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, Qiagen, Sanofi, and Valneva, among others. These players are continuously investing in research and development to introduce innovative vaccines and expand their geographic reach. Strategic alliances, mergers, and acquisitions are expected to shape the market dynamics in the coming years. The future of the travel vaccines market hinges on overcoming challenges related to vaccine accessibility and affordability in developing nations, enhancing vaccine safety profiles, and addressing vaccine hesitancy through effective public health campaigns. The focus on personalized medicine and the development of combination vaccines offering protection against multiple diseases are key trends shaping the market's future trajectory. This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the global travel vaccines market, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. It offers in-depth insights into market size, growth drivers, challenges, trends, and competitive landscape, equipping stakeholders with the knowledge needed to navigate this dynamic sector. The report utilizes data from the historical period (2019-2024), base year (2025), and estimated year (2025) to project market trends until 2033. Recent developments include: March 2024: The UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention (MoHAP) mandated influenza vaccination for pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia. It was a preventive measure to protect the Hajj performers, their families, and all segments of society from infectious diseases., February 2024: The University of Kentucky’s UK Retail Pharmacies started offering travelers all the required and recommended vaccines based on their destination, including yellow fever, typhoid, and cholera., May 2023: Bavarian Nordic acquired Emergent BioSolutions’ travel vaccine portfolio for USD 274 million. The deal encompassed the acquisition of vaccines Vivotif and Vaxchora, marketed for the prevention of typhoid and cholera, respectively, and a phase III vaccine candidate for the prevention of the chikungunya virus.. Key drivers for this market are: Significant Rise in Outbound Tourism, Prevalence of Hepatitis A Across Most Travelled Destinations; Increasing Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE) in Different Nations. Potential restraints include: Significant Rise in Outbound Tourism, Prevalence of Hepatitis A Across Most Travelled Destinations; Increasing Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE) in Different Nations. Notable trends are: The Hepatitis A Segment is Expected to Witness Significant Growth During the Forecast Period.