In a survey conducted in Southeast Asia in November and December 2021, Pfizer and Moderna were the most trusted coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine brands in most surveyed countries. In Cambodia and Indonesia, Sinopharm and Sinovac were the most trusted COVID-19 vaccine brands among respondents.

As of May 2021, U.S. investor Blackrock Inc owned more than seven percent of total shares of pharmaceutical companies AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novavax, and Johnson & Johnson, respectively. The statistic illustrates major shareholdings iat select pharmaceutical companies which are involved in the development and production of COVID-19 vaccines as of May 2021, by investor.

NOTE: This dataset has been retired and marked as historical-only. COVID-19 vaccinations administered at sites in the City of Chicago, as reported by medical providers in Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE). In contrast to some other COVID-19 vaccination datasets, this one focuses on vaccinations given within the City of Chicago, rather than necessarily those given to people who live in Chicago. Daily counts are shown for the total number of doses administered, first dose, and second dose, as well as cumulative totals as of that date. Initial vaccines required two doses of vaccine to be administered over a period of time specific to each vaccine brand. At least one future vaccine only required one dose to be considered fully vaccinated. While these doses completed the series, additional doses have been approved for some situations and are included in the Total Doses columns. Vaccinations are counted based on the day the vaccine was administered. All data are provisional and subject to change. Information is updated as additional details are received and it is, in fact, very common for recent dates to be incomplete and to be updated as time goes on. At any given time, this dataset reflects data currently known to CDPH. Numbers in this dataset may differ from other public sources due to when data are reported and how City of Chicago boundaries are defined. For information about the number of vaccine doses administrated to Chicago residents and number of residents considered fully vaccinated regardless of if they were vaccinated in Chicago, see https://data.cityofchicago.org/Health-Human-Services/COVID-19-Daily-Vaccinations-Chicago-Residents/2vhs-cf6b. For all datasets related to COVID-19, see https://data.cityofchicago.org/browse?limitTo=datasets&sortBy=alpha&tags=covid-19. Data Source: Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE)

As of April 26, 2023, roughly 367 million Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered in the United States. This statistic shows the number of COVID-19 vaccinations administered in the United States as of April 26, 2023, by manufacturer.

Snapshot img

Covid-19 Vaccination Market 2024-2028

The covid-19 vaccination market size is forecast to increase by USD -32.76 billion, at a CAGR of -37.4% between 2023 and 2028. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the expansion of vaccination programs worldwide. Governments and international organizations are investing heavily in vaccination initiatives to contain the spread of the virus. The rising research and development (R&D) investment in the development of Covid-19 vaccines is another major growth factor. However, the high cost of production of Covid-19 vaccines poses a significant challenge to market growth. Manufacturers are exploring various strategies to reduce production costs while maintaining vaccine efficacy and safety. The market is expected to witness strong growth in the coming years as more effective and affordable vaccines become available. poiuyfrtyh

What will the Covid-19 Vaccination Market Size be During the Forecast Period?

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Market Dynamics

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about an unprecedented global health crisis, leading to the development of numerous vaccines to mitigate its impact. This content focuses on various aspects of COVID-19 vaccines, including production, distribution, administration, efficacy, safety, and regulations. COVID-19 vaccine production has been a top priority for researchers and pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Several manufacturers have developed vaccines using various technologies such as mRNA, viral vector, and protein subunit, undergoing rigorous testing and clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy. Once vaccines receive approval from regulatory bodies, they are distributed to healthcare facilities and vaccination centers, requiring careful planning and coordination. Governments and international organizations are working to ensure equitable distribution, prioritizing vulnerable populations and herd immunity. Vaccine administration involves healthcare professionals delivering vaccines through injections, with proper training and safety protocols to minimize adverse reactions. Efficacy refers to the vaccine's ability to prevent infection or reduce the severity of symptoms, with most vaccines showing high efficacy rates, ranging from 60% to 95%. Vaccine safety is monitored closely, and while common side effects include pain and swelling at the injection site, fever, and fatigue, serious side effects are rare.

Vaccine procurement involves purchasing vaccines from manufacturers, with governments securing supplies through contracts and partnerships. Vaccine allocation ensures that vaccines are distributed to specific populations, with priority given to vulnerable groups like healthcare workers and the elderly. Vaccine prioritization determines which populations should receive vaccines first, based on risk factors. Vaccine passports are digital or physical documents that prove vaccination status, and may be required for travel or work, with regulations varying by jurisdiction. Vaccine mandates, which require vaccination for employment or participation in certain activities, remain a controversial issue. Vaccine regulations ensure vaccines are safe and effective, and policies governing vaccine use in schools, workplaces, and travel may change as supplies and public health conditions evolve.

Covid-19 Vaccination Market Driver

The expansion of vaccination programs is the key driver of the market. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing demand for vaccines as governments and healthcare organizations prioritize widespread vaccination to control the virus and achieve herd immunity. This heightened demand leads to increased production and sales for vaccine manufacturers, resulting in long-term procurement contracts being signed to ensure a consistent vaccine supply. These contracts provide stability and revenue for manufacturers, with more contracts expected to be established as vaccination programs expand.

Vaccine distribution, administration, and logistics are crucial elements in the vaccine market, requiring efficient vaccine storage, transportation, and scheduling. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and monitoring are also vital considerations, along with addressing vaccine hesitancy and acceptance through education and outreach efforts. Vaccine regulations, policies, and campaigns are essential in ensuring vaccine coverage, immunity, and compliance with side effects and potential mandates or certificates.

Covid-19 Vaccination Market Trends

Rising research and development investment is the upcoming trend in the market. The Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated the rapid development, production, and distribution of vaccines to prevent and treat the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Governments and the private sector have collaborated to invest in va

ObjectivesTo characterize factors associated with parental willingness for their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine trial, use of different COVID-19 vaccines and acceptance of a third vaccine dose.MethodsParents of children aged 12–17 years in Lima, Perú were asked to complete an online questionnaire via social networks, from November 9, 2021, to April 23, 2022. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare factors with the mentioned outcomes.ResultsFrom 523 parents responding, 374 completed the survey. 90.4% would give their children a third vaccine dose, 36.6% would allow their children participation in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial, and 33.2% would accept different vaccine brands between doses. Parental belief that COVID-19 vaccine studies met quality standards was associated with acceptance of a third booster dose (adjusted PR 3.25; 95% CI1.57–6.74; p = 0.002), enrolment in a COVID-19 clinical trial (adjusted PR 4.49; 95% CI1.25–16.06; p = 0.02), and acceptance of different COVID-19 vaccine brands between doses (adjusted PR 10.02; 95% CI1.40–71.95; p = 0.02).ConclusionMost parents would accept a third vaccine booster dose, approximately a third would participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Believing COVID-19 vaccines studies fulfilled quality standards was associated with the study outcomes. It is necessary to inform about the rigorous processes for the development of COVID-19 vaccines to generate confidence in parents to accept these vaccine-related outcomes.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to map the existing literature to identify predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among refugees, immigrants, and other migrant populations.MethodsA systematic search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, APA PsycInfo and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was conducted up to 31 January 2023 to identify the relevant English peer-reviewed observational studies. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts, selected studies, and extracted data.ResultsWe identified 34 cross-sectional studies, primarily conducted in high income countries (76%). Lower vaccine acceptance was associated with mistrust in the host countries’ government and healthcare system, concerns about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, limited knowledge of COVID-19 infection and vaccines, lower COVID-19 risk perception, and lower integration level in the host country. Female gender, younger age, lower education level, and being single were associated with lower vaccine acceptance in most studies. Additionally, sources of information about COVID-19 and vaccines and previous history of COVID-19 infection, also influence vaccine acceptance. Vaccine acceptability towards COVID-19 booster doses and various vaccine brands were not adequately studied.ConclusionsVaccine hesitancy and a lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccines have become significant public health concerns within migrant populations. These findings may help in providing information for current and future vaccine outreach strategies among migrant populations.

As of March 9, 2021, there were pre-purchase agreements for over three billion doses of AstraZeneca/Oxford's vaccine. This vaccine is by far the most sought after COVID-19 vaccine, especially due to its ability to be stored at normal refrigerator temperatures, while other vaccines might need ultra cold storage. Although still in phase III of clinical trials and without approval, Novavax's vaccine is the one with the second highest number of orders worldwide.

Global COVID-19 vaccine contracts At the same time, India had managed to secure around 2.2 billion COVID-19 vaccines doses, followed by the European Union which had signed pre-purchase agreements to secure nearly 1.84 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines, while the United States already secured around 1.21 billion doses. AstraZeneca/Oxford's vaccine accounted for one billion doses of all vaccines secured by India, while also accounting for 300 million doses of all vaccines secured by the EU and the U.S., respectively.

Forecasted sales of COVID-19 vaccines As of November 2021, Comirnaty by BioNTech/Pfizer was the leading COVID-19 vaccine by forecasted sales revenue. It was expected to make around 36 billion U.S. dollars in sales revenue in 2021, followed by 29 billion dollars in 2022. Meanwhile, Spikevax by Moderna was projected to make 18 billion and 22 billion U.S. dollars in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Vaxzevria by AstraZeneca was forecasted to make 1.7 billion U.S. dollars in sales, followed by an additional 1.9 billion dollars by 2022. In contrast to most other biopharmaceutical companies, AstraZeneca had announced to sell its vaccine at almost net cost price.

Data on persons vaccinated for COVID-19 by vaccine brand, province and date of vaccination. Campaign 24/25

Snapshot img

Vaccine Research Market Size 2024-2028

The vaccine research market size is forecast to increase by USD 21.4 billion at a CAGR of 10.84% between 2023 and 2028. The market is witnessing substantial growth due to the persistently high prevalence of infectious diseases and the requirement for innovative vaccines to address chronic infections. Additionally, the advancement of adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems is significantly contributing to market expansion. This growth is driven by the increasing demand for efficient, accessible, and high-standard solutions. Companies in this sector are adapting their strategies to align with these trends, focusing on sustainability and operational efficiency to remain competitive. The market's future direction is influenced by these key drivers, ensuring its continued growth and evolution. As the industry progresses, the demand for advanced solutions continues to expand its scope.

What will be the size of the Vaccine Research Market during the forecast period?

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Vaccine Research Market Segmentation

The Vaccine Research market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018 - 2022 for the following segments.

End-user

  Public
  Private


Age Group

  Pediatric
  Adult


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  Asia

    China


  Rest of World (ROW)

Which is the largest segment driving market growth?

The public segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Government entities, including the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), play a significant role in vaccine research. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide have made substantial investments in vaccine development, from basic science and pre-clinical stages through clinical trials. These efforts led to the creation of several effective COVID-19 vaccines. Governments have been instrumental in funding and supporting each phase of the vaccine development process. Immunization programs focus on various diseases, such as pneumococcal disease, measles, mumps, mono, and varicella, diphtheria, tetanus, HPV, MMR, rotavirus, influenza, hepatitis, typhoid, meningococcal, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and polio.

Vaccines come in various forms, including injectable, oral, and nasal, and are produced by vaccine manufacturers, genomic research centers, academic institutions, and private laboratories. They are used in hospital settings, clinics, and pharmacies. Vaccines protect against microorganisms, toxins, and surface proteins, enhancing the immune system's response to pathogens. Vaccine research continues to address physiological disorders, allergies, cancer, and infectious diseases, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, Alzheimer's, inflammatory diseases, and self-antigens. Vaccines are available as combination vaccines, monovaccines, subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and DNA vaccines. Vaccines are crucial components of preventive healthcare and public health initiatives, reducing morbidity and mortality.

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The Public segment was valued at USD 12.10 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Which region is leading the market?

North America is estimated to contribute 44% to the growth of the global Vaccine Research market during the forecast period.

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Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.The market in North America is significantly driven by the high prevalence of both infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the US, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HIV, measles, malaria, tuberculosis, and cancer are among the most common health concerns. The prevalence of these diseases continues to increase, particularly in developed countries. For instance, influenza cases peak annually in the US during November to February. Although vaccines have led to a decline in diseases like mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR), they have not been eradicated completely. Vaccine research focuses on various types, including conjugate, recombinant, live attenuated, toxoid, and inactivated vaccines.

These vaccines target various diseases, such as meningitis, pneumonia, and polio. Stakeholders In the market include government immunization programs, preventive healthcare providers, vaccine manufacturers, genomic research centers, academic institutions, private laboratori

According to a forecast as of March, BioNTech's and Pfizer's vaccine against COVID-19 could generate sales revenues of nearly 22 billion U.S. dollars during 2021. The BioNTech/Pfizer vaccine was the first COVID-19 vaccine to be widely approved and used. German biotech company BioNTech saw a 156 percent growth in its shares in the last 12 months as of March 2021.

Will Moderna be the big winner? Moderna is expected to be the company with the largest sales revenues from a COVID-19 vaccine. Forecasts predict that the company will make around 43 billion U.S. dollars in sales through its vaccine. Interestingly, Moderna was established in 2010 and had never made profit before the pandemic. Thus, the development of the covid vaccine based on the latest mRNA technology will mark a definitive breakthrough for the Massachusetts-based biotech company. Moderna received significant funding through taxpayer money as well as help in research and development from the National Institutes of Health.

Vaccine pricing in a pandemic Drug pricing is always a big issue and this was also the case with COVID-19 vaccines. While some companies, like AstraZeneca, stated early on that prices for the vaccine will be on a non-profit base at least as long as the pandemic is ongoing, others took a more profit-oriented approach. However, even these companies state that their current prices are low special prices, taking into account urgent public health interests, which normally would be much higher. According to several projections, COVID-19 drugs and vaccines could establish a market worth some 40 billion U.S. dollars annually.

The coronavirus vaccine market witnessed significant growth in the past, primarily driven by the global pandemic. With the widespread distribution of vaccines across various countries, the market size reached a value of approximately million units in 2025. The market is anticipated to exhibit a stable growth trajectory in the coming years, with a moderate CAGR of XX% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. Factors such as the ongoing need for booster shots, the development of new variants, and government initiatives promoting vaccination are expected to continue to drive the market's growth. Additionally, the increasing awareness about the importance of preventive healthcare and the role of vaccines in combating infectious diseases will positively impact the market. Regional variations in vaccination rates, the emergence of vaccine hesitancy, and potential supply chain disruptions pose some challenges to the market's expansion. However, ongoing research and development efforts, coupled with collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and governments, are expected to mitigate these factors and ensure the continued growth of the coronavirus vaccine market. Several prominent companies, including Іnоvіо Рhаrmасеutісаlѕ, Моdеrnа, Nоvаvах, and Рrоtеіn Роtеntіаl, are actively involved in the development and distribution of coronavirus vaccines.

The size and share of the market is categorized based on Application (Adults, Children, Competitor Analysis, The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:, Key companies Covid-19 Vaccine revenues i) and Product (DNA, Non-replicating Viral Vector, Protein Subunit, RNA) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

The market is valued at USD 1,261.7 Million in 2025 and is estimated to reach USD 2,436.1 Million by 2035, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% during the forecast period.

Country-wise Outlook

Competitive Outlook

Please see FAQ for latest information on COVID-19 Data Hub Data Flows. https://covid-19.geohive.ie/pages/helpfaqs Category Field label Field Name Explanation

ExtractDate Extract Date Date the data is Extracted

Latitude Latitude

Longitude Longitude

VaccinationDate Vaccination Date Date the Vaccination occurred

Week Week Details of epidemiological weeks available here https://www.hpsc.ie/notifiablediseases/resources/epidemiologicalweeks/

TotalDailyVaccines Total Daily Vaccines

Gender Male

Female

NA

Dose Number Dose1 Dose 1

Dose2 Dose 2

SingleDose Single Dose

Vaccine Brand Moderna

Pfizer

Janssen

AstraZeneca

Age Group Partial_Age0to9 At Least One Dose Age 0 to 11 Dose 1 of Astrazenenca, MRNA or Single Dose Vaccine

Partial_Age10to19 At Least One Dose Age 12 to 19

Partial_Age20to29 At Least One Dose Age 20 to 29

Partial_Age30to39 At Least One Dose Age 30 to 39

Partial_Age40to49 At Least One Dose Age 40 to 49

Partial_Age50to59 At Least One Dose Age 50 to 59

Partial_Age60to69 At Least One Dose Age 60 to 69

Partial_Age70to79 At Least One Dose Age 70 to 79

Partial_Age80+ At Least One Dose Age80+

Partial_NA At Least One Dose Not Assigned

Age Group Cumulative ParCum_Age0to9 Cumulative Age 0 to 11 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 0 to 11

ParCum_Age10to19 Cumulative Age 12 to 19 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 12 to 19

ParCum_Age20to29 Cumulative Age 20 to 29 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 20 to 29

ParCum_Age30to39 Cumulative Age 30 to 39 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 30 to 39

ParCum_Age40to49 Cumulative Age 40 to 49 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 40 to 49

ParCum_Age50to59 Cumulative Age50 to 59 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 50 to 59

ParCum_Age60to69 Cumulative Age 60 to 69 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 60 to 69

ParCum_Age70to79 Cumulative Age 70 to 79 Cumulative At least One Dose Age 70 to 79

ParCum_80+ Cumulative Age 80+ Cumulative At least One Dose Age 80+

Age Group Cumulative Percent ParCum_NA Cumulative Age Not Assigned Cumulative At least One Dose Age Not Assigned

ParPer_Age0to9 At Least One Dose Percent Age 0 to 11 Cumulative At least One Dose Age cohort/ Age cohort population

ParPer_Age10to19 At Least One Dose Percent Age 12 to 19

ParPer_Age20to29 At Least One Dose Percent Age 20 to 29

ParPer_Age30to39 At Least One Dose Percent Age 30 to 39

ParPer_Age40to49 At Least One Dose Percent Age 40 to 49

ParPer_Age50to59 At Least One Dose Percent Age 50 to 59

ParPer_Age60to69 At Least One Dose Percent Age 60 to 69

ParPer_Age70to79 At Least One Dose Percent Age 70 to 79

ParPer_80+ At Least One Dose Percent 80+

ParPer_NA At Least One Dose Percent Not Assigned

Age Group Fully_Age0to9 Fully vaccinated Age 0 to 11 Dose 2 of An MRNA or AztraZeneca Vaccine or a single dose vaccine of a Janssen

Fully_Age10to19 Fully vaccinated Age 12 to 19

Fully_Age20to29 Fully vaccinated Age 20 to 29

Fully_Age30to39 Fully vaccinated Age 30 to 39

Fully_Age40to49 Fully vaccinated Age 40 to 49

Fully_Age50to59 Fully vaccinated Age 50 to 59

Fully_Age60to69 Fully vaccinated Age 60 to 69

Fully_Age70to79 Fully vaccinated Age 70 to 79

Fully_Age80+ Fully vaccinated Age 80+

Fully_NA Fully vaccinated Age Not Available

Age Group Cumulative FullyCum_Age0to9 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 0 to 11

FullyCum_Age10to19 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 12 to 19

FullyCum_Age20to29 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 20 to 29

FullyCum_Age30to39 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 30 to 39

FullyCum_Age40to49 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 40 to 49

FullyCum_Age50to59 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 50 to 59

FullyCum_Age60to69 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 60 to 69

FullyCum_Age70to79 Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 70 to 79

FullyCum_80+ Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age 80+

Age Group Cumulative Percent FullyCum_NA Cumulative Fully vaccinated Age Not Available

FullyPer_Age0to9 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 0 to 11 Cumulative Fully Vaccinated Age cohort/ Age cohort population

FullyPer_Age10to19 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 12 to 19

FullyPer_Age20to29 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 20 to 29

FullyPer_Age30to39 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 30 to 39

FullyPer_Age40to49 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 40 to 49

FullyPer_Age50to59 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 50 to 59

FullyPer_Age60to69 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 60 to 69

FullyPer_Age70to79 Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 70 to 79

FullyPer_80+ Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age 80+

FullyPer_NA Cumulative Percent Fully vaccinated Age Not Available

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the waning of immunity raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness and protection against COVID-19. While antibody response has been shown to correlate with the risk of infection with the original variant and earlier variants of concern, the effectiveness of antibody-mediated protection against Omicron and the factors associated with protection remain uncertain. We evaluated antibody responseAQ2s to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens from Wuhan and variants of concern by Luminex and their role in preventing breakthrough infections 1 year after a third dose of mRNA vaccination, in a cohort of health care workers followed since the pandemic onset in Spain (N = 393). Data were analyzed in relation to COVID-19 history, demographic factors, comorbidities, vaccine doses, brand, and adverse events. Higher levels of anti-S IgG and IgA to Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron were associated with protection against vaccine breakthroughs (IgG against Omicron S antigen HR, 0.06, 95%CI, 0.26–0.01). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was positively associated with antibody levels and protection against breakthroughs, and a longer time since last infection was associated with lower protection. In addition, priming with BNT162b2 followed by mRNA-1273 booster was associated with higher antibody responses than homologous mRNA-1273 vaccination. Data show that IgG and IgA induced by vaccines against the original strain or by hybrid immunization are valid correlates of protection against Omicron BA.1 despite immune escape and support the benefits of heterologous vaccination regimens to enhance antibodies and the prioritization of booster vaccination in individuals without recent infections. The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the waning of immunity raise concerns about vaccine effectiveness and protection against COVID-19. While antibody response has been shown to correlate with the risk of infection with the original variant and earlier variants of concern, the effectiveness of antibody-mediated protection against Omicron and the factors associated with protection remain uncertain. We evaluated antibody responseAQ2s to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens from Wuhan and variants of concern by Luminex and their role in preventing breakthrough infections 1 year after a third dose of mRNA vaccination, in a cohort of health care workers followed since the pandemic onset in Spain (N = 393). Data were analyzed in relation to COVID-19 history, demographic factors, comorbidities, vaccine doses, brand, and adverse events. Higher levels of anti-S IgG and IgA to Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron were associated with protection against vaccine breakthroughs (IgG against Omicron S antigen HR, 0.06, 95%CI, 0.26–0.01). Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was positively associated with antibody levels and protection against breakthroughs, and a longer time since last infection was associated with lower protection. In addition, priming with BNT162b2 followed by mRNA-1273 booster was associated with higher antibody responses than homologous mRNA-1273 vaccination. Data show that IgG and IgA induced by vaccines against the original strain or by hybrid immunization are valid correlates of protection against Omicron BA.1 despite immune escape and support the benefits of heterologous vaccination regimens to enhance antibodies and the prioritization of booster vaccination in individuals without recent infections.

No description was included in this Dataset collected from the OSF

The spread of the COVID-19 Delta variant has prompted many governments, schools, and companies to institute vaccine mandates. Proponents suggest that mandates will enhance public health and increase vaccination rates. Critics suggest that evidence of mandates’ effectiveness is unclear and warn that mandates risk increasing societal inequalities if unvaccinated minority groups opt out of educational, commercial, and social activities where mandates are required. We conduct an original survey experiment on a representative sample of 1,245 Americans to examine the efficacy and effect of COVID-19 mandates. Our findings suggest that mandates are unlikely to change vaccination behavior overall. Further, they may increase the likelihood that sizable percentages of the population opt out of activities where vaccines are mandated. We conclude that mandates that do go into effect should be accompanied by targeted, persuasive communications targeted to specific information needs and identities.

The global vaccine administration market is projected to reach a valuation of million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. The rising prevalence of infectious diseases, technological advancements in vaccine development and administration, and increasing government initiatives to improve vaccination coverage are key drivers of market growth. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the development and distribution of vaccines, further boosting the market's growth trajectory. Key segments of the vaccine administration market include application (pediatric, adult, geriatric) and type (single-dose, multi-dose). North America dominates the market due to well-established healthcare infrastructure and high vaccination rates. Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness robust growth owing to the region's large population, increasing healthcare expenditure, and the presence of several emerging markets. Leading companies in the market include Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sanofi Aventis, Merck, and GlaxoSmithKline. Strategic collaborations, mergers and acquisitions, and investments in research and development are common strategies employed by these players to maintain their competitive edge. The global vaccine administration market is poised for significant growth over the next decade, driven by rising vaccination rates, expanding distribution channels, and advancements in vaccine technology. This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the market, its key trends, and the factors shaping its future.

Market Overview:

The United States vaccines market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 5.91% during 2024-2032. The regulatory support and approval processes, the emerging infectious diseases, the rise of telehealth and remote healthcare services, the favorable healthcare policies, and the international collaborations and partnerships are some of the factors propelling the market.

Vaccines are biological substances designed to stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria. They play a crucial role in preventing infectious diseases and promoting public health. Vaccines are typically composed of weakened or inactivated forms of the targeted microorganism or specific components, such as proteins or genetic material. When administered, vaccines prompt the immune system to produce an immune response, including the production of antibodies and the development of immune memory. This immune memory allows the body to recognize and rapidly respond to the actual pathogen if encountered in the future, providing protection against infection and often preventing the onset of diseases. Vaccination programs have been instrumental in controlling and eradicating infectious diseases globally. Common vaccines include those for measles, mumps, rubella, polio, influenza, hepatitis, and more. In addition to individual protection, vaccines contribute to herd immunity, reducing the overall spread of infectious agents within communities. Continuous research and advancements in vaccine technology, such as mRNA vaccines, have expanded the scope and efficacy of vaccination efforts. Vaccines have been pivotal in controlling pandemics, as evidenced by their role in combating diseases like smallpox and, more recently, in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic. They represent a powerful tool in public health, preventing illness, reducing the burden on healthcare systems, and saving countless lives by effectively bolstering the body's immune defenses against a wide array of infectious agents.

United States Vaccines Market Trends:

The market in the United States is majorly driven by the advancements in vaccine development. In line with this, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated vaccine research, production, and distribution efforts. The urgency to address the global health crisis has led to increased investments, collaborations, and government support for vaccine development, contributing significantly to market growth. Furthermore, the rising awareness of the importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases has driven demand. Routine vaccinations for diseases like influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis have gained prominence as individuals and healthcare providers recognize the value of immunization in maintaining public health. Government initiatives and public health programs play a pivotal role in driving the vaccine market. Programs such as the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program, which provides vaccines to eligible children, and the Adult Immunization Initiative contribute to increased vaccine accessibility and utilization. Additionally, the emergence of innovative vaccine technologies has expanded the market. mRNA vaccine platforms, as demonstrated by the success of COVID-19 vaccines, showcase the potential for rapid development and effectiveness against a variety of pathogens. This has spurred interest and investment in novel vaccine approaches, driving market growth. The aging population in the United States is a significant factor influencing the vaccine market. As individuals age, there is a higher susceptibility to certain diseases, necessitating vaccinations to prevent complications. This demographic shift contributes to the demand for vaccines targeting conditions prevalent in older adults, such as shingles and pneumococcal diseases. Pharmaceutical companies and biotech firms are increasingly focusing on vaccine research and development. Partnerships between industry players and research institutions, along with advancements in vaccine manufacturing technologies, drive innovation and contribute to the growth of the vaccine market. Besides, the growing importance of travel vaccines, as people increasingly engage in international travel, adds to market expansion. Vaccines for diseases prevalent in different regions become essential for travelers, promoting a global market for travel-related immunizations.

United States Vaccines Market Segmentation:

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the country level for 2024-2032. Our report has categorized the market based on technology, patient type, indication, route of administration, product type, treatment type, end user, and distribution channel.

Technology Insights:

https://www.imarcgroup.com/CKEditor/4df2be45-fb2f-4a09-890a-76b18e7708deother-regions1.webp" style="height:450px; width:800px" />

• Conjugate Vaccines
• Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines
• Live Attenuated Vaccines
• Recombinant Vaccines
• Toxoid Vaccines
• Others
  

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the technology. This includes conjugate vaccines, inactivated and subunit vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, recombinant vaccines, toxoid vaccines, and others.

Patient Type Insights:

• Pediatric
• Adult
  

A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on patient type have also been provided in the report. This includes pediatric and adult.

Indication Insights:

• Bacterial Diseases
  • Meningococcal Disease
  • Pneumococcal Disease
  • Diphtheria/Tetanus/Pertussis (DPT)
  • Tuberculosis
  • Haemophilus Influenzae (Hib)
  • Typhoid
  • Others
• Viral Diseases
  • Hepatitis
  • Influenza
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR)
  • Rotavirus
  • Herpes Zoster
  • Varicella
  • Japanese Encephalitis
  • Rubella
  • Polio
  • Rabies
  • Dengue
  • Others
    

The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the indication. This includes bacterial diseases (meningococcal disease, pneumococcal disease, diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DPT), tuberculosis, haemophilus influenzae (HIB), typhoid, and others) and viral diseases (hepatitis, influenza, human papillomavirus (HPV), measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), rotavirus, herpes zoster, varicella, Japanese encephalitis, rubella, polio, rabies, dengue, and others).

Route of Administration Insights:

• Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Administration
• Oral Administration
• Others
  

A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on route of administrations have also been provided in the report. This includes intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, oral administration, and others.

Product Type Insights:

• Multivalent Vaccine
• Monovalent Vaccine
  

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