Background This bibliometric analysis examines the top 50 most-cited articles on COVID-19 complications, offering insights into the multifaceted impact of the virus. Since its emergence in Wuhan in December 2019, COVID-19 has evolved into a global health crisis, with over 770 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths as of September 2023. Initially recognized as a respiratory illness causing pneumonia and ARDS, its diverse complications extend to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hematological, neurological, endocrinological, ophthalmological, hepatobiliary, and dermatological systems. Methods Identifying the top 50 articles from a pool of 5940 in Scopus, the analysis spans November 2019 to July 2021, employing terms related to COVID-19 and complications. Rigorous review criteria excluded non-relevant studies, basic science research, and animal models. The authors independently reviewed articles, considering factors like title, citations, publication year, journal, impact factor, authors, study details, and patient demographics. Results The focus is primarily on 2020 publications (96%), with all articles being open-access. Leading journals include The Lancet, NEJM, and JAMA, with prominent contributions from Internal Medicine (46.9%) and Pulmonary Medicine (14.5%). China played a major role (34.9%), followed by France and Belgium. Clinical features were the primary study topic (68%), often utilizing retrospective designs (24%). Among 22,477 patients analyzed, 54.8% were male, with the most common age group being 26–65 years (63.2%). Complications affected 13.9% of patients, with a recovery rate of 57.8%. Conclusion Analyzing these top-cited articles offers clinicians and researchers a comprehensive, timely understanding of influential COVID-19 literature. This approach uncovers attributes contributing to high citations and provides authors with valuable insights for crafting impactful research. As a strategic tool, this analysis facilitates staying updated and making meaningful contributions to the dynamic field of COVID-19 research. Methods A bibliometric analysis of the most cited articles about COVID-19 complications was conducted in July 2021 using all journals indexed in Elsevier’s Scopus and Thomas Reuter’s Web of Science from November 1, 2019 to July 1, 2021. All journals were selected for inclusion regardless of country of origin, language, medical speciality, or electronic availability of articles or abstracts. The terms were combined as follows: (“COVID-19” OR “COVID19” OR “SARS-COV-2” OR “SARSCOV2” OR “SARS 2” OR “Novel coronavirus” OR “2019-nCov” OR “Coronavirus”) AND (“Complication” OR “Long Term Complication” OR “Post-Intensive Care Syndrome” OR “Venous Thromboembolism” OR “Acute Kidney Injury” OR “Acute Liver Injury” OR “Post COVID-19 Syndrome” OR “Acute Cardiac Injury” OR “Cardiac Arrest” OR “Stroke” OR “Embolism” OR “Septic Shock” OR “Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation” OR “Secondary Infection” OR “Blood Clots” OR “Cytokine Release Syndrome” OR “Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome” OR “Vaccine Induced Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome” OR “Aspergillosis” OR “Mucormycosis” OR “Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia Anaemia” OR “Immune Thrombocytopenia” OR “Subacute Thyroiditis” OR “Acute Respiratory Failure” OR “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “Pneumonia” OR “Subcutaneous Emphysema” OR “Pneumothorax” OR “Pneumomediastinum” OR “Encephalopathy” OR “Pancreatitis” OR “Chronic Fatigue” OR “Rhabdomyolysis” OR “Neurologic Complication” OR “Cardiovascular Complications” OR “Psychiatric Complication” OR “Respiratory Complication” OR “Cardiac Complication” OR “Vascular Complication” OR “Renal Complication” OR “Gastrointestinal Complication” OR “Haematological Complication” OR “Hepatobiliary Complication” OR “Musculoskeletal Complication” OR “Genitourinary Complication” OR “Otorhinolaryngology Complication” OR “Dermatological Complication” OR “Paediatric Complication” OR “Geriatric Complication” OR “Pregnancy Complication”) in the Title, Abstract or Keyword. A total of 5940 articles were accessed, of which the top 50 most cited articles about COVID-19 and Complications of COVID-19 were selected through Scopus. Each article was reviewed for its appropriateness for inclusion. The articles were independently reviewed by three researchers (JRP, MAM and TS) (Table 1). Differences in opinion with regard to article inclusion were resolved by consensus. The inclusion criteria specified articles that were focused on COVID-19 and Complications of COVID-19. Articles were excluded if they did not relate to COVID-19 and or complications of COVID-19, Basic Science Research and studies using animal models or phantoms. Review articles, Viewpoints, Guidelines, Perspectives and Meta-analysis were also excluded from the top 50 most-cited articles (Table 1). The top 50 most-cited articles were compiled in a single database and the relevant data was extracted. The database included: Article Title, Scopus Citations, Year of Publication, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Authors, Number of Authors, Department Affiliation, Number of Institutions, Country of Origin, Study Topic, Study Design, Sample Size, Open Access, Non-Original Articles, Patient/Participants Age, Gender, Symptoms, Signs, Co-morbidities, Complications, Imaging Modalities Used and outcome.

Note: In these datasets, a person is defined as up to date if they have received at least one dose of an updated COVID-19 vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that certain groups, including adults ages 65 years and older, receive additional doses.

Starting on July 13, 2022, the denominator for calculating vaccine coverage has been changed from age 5+ to all ages to reflect new vaccine eligibility criteria. Previously the denominator was changed from age 16+ to age 12+ on May 18, 2021, then changed from age 12+ to age 5+ on November 10, 2021, to reflect previous changes in vaccine eligibility criteria. The previous datasets based on age 12+ and age 5+ denominators have been uploaded as archived tables.

Starting June 30, 2021, the dataset has been reconfigured so that all updates are appended to one dataset to make it easier for API and other interfaces. In addition, historical data has been extended back to January 5, 2021.

This dataset shows full, partial, and at least 1 dose coverage rates by zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) for the state of California. Data sources include the California Immunization Registry and the American Community Survey’s 2015-2019 5-Year data.

This is the data table for the LHJ Vaccine Equity Performance dashboard. However, this data table also includes ZTCAs that do not have a VEM score.

This dataset also includes Vaccine Equity Metric score quartiles (when applicable), which combine the Public Health Alliance of Southern California’s Healthy Places Index (HPI) measure with CDPH-derived scores to estimate factors that impact health, like income, education, and access to health care. ZTCAs range from less healthy community conditions in Quartile 1 to more healthy community conditions in Quartile 4.

The Vaccine Equity Metric is for weekly vaccination allocation and reporting purposes only. CDPH-derived quartiles should not be considered as indicative of the HPI score for these zip codes. CDPH-derived quartiles were assigned to zip codes excluded from the HPI score produced by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California due to concerns with statistical reliability and validity in populations smaller than 1,500 or where more than 50% of the population resides in a group setting.

These data do not include doses administered by the following federal agencies who received vaccine allocated directly from CDC: Indian Health Service, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Defense, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

For some ZTCAs, vaccination coverage may exceed 100%. This may be a result of many people from outside the county coming to that ZTCA to get their vaccine and providers reporting the county of administration as the county of residence, and/or the DOF estimates of the population in that ZTCA are too low. Please note that population numbers provided by DOF are projections and so may not be accurate, especially given unprecedented shifts in population as a result of the pandemic.

This dataset reports the daily reported number of the 7-day moving average rates of Deaths involving COVID-19 by vaccination status and by age group.

Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak.

Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool

Data includes:

• Date on which the death occurred
• Age group
• 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those not fully vaccinated
• 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those fully vaccinated
• 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those vaccinated with at least one booster

Additional notes

As of June 16, all COVID-19 datasets will be updated weekly on Thursdays by 2pm.

As of January 12, 2024, data from the date of January 1, 2024 onwards reflect updated population estimates. This update specifically impacts data for the 'not fully vaccinated' category.

On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023.

CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags.

The data does not include vaccination data for people who did not provide consent for vaccination records to be entered into the provincial COVaxON system. This includes individual records as well as records from some Indigenous communities where those communities have not consented to including vaccination information in COVaxON.

“Not fully vaccinated” category includes people with no vaccine and one dose of double-dose vaccine. “People with one dose of double-dose vaccine” category has a small and constantly changing number. The combination will stabilize the results.

Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts.

Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different.

Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the Deaths involving COVID-19 reported.

Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags

All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day.

This dataset is subject to change.

Snapshot img

Vaccines Market Size 2025-2029

The vaccines market size is forecast to increase by USD 160.22 billion at a CAGR of 23.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by increased funding for research and development, leading to the launch of new vaccines. One of the most promising trends in this market is the development of nanoparticle vaccines, which offer enhanced immunogenicity and improved delivery systems. This trend is particularly evident in the development of nanoparticle vaccines, which offer enhanced efficacy and safety. However, the high cost of research, development, and manufacturing poses a significant challenge for market players. Examples include the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and influenza vaccine. These costs can be attributed to the complex production processes involved in vaccine creation, as well as the need for rigorous clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy. 
However, the high cost of vaccine research, development, and manufacturing remains a significant challenge for market participants. Despite this, the market presents numerous opportunities for companies seeking to capitalize on the growing demand for vaccines, particularly in emerging economies with rising healthcare expenditures. Strategic partnerships, collaborations, and acquisitions are key strategies for companies looking to navigate the competitive landscape and stay ahead of the curve.
Overall, the market is poised for continued growth, with significant opportunities for innovation and investment in the coming years. Companies that can effectively address the challenges of cost and regulatory compliance while delivering high-quality, effective vaccines will be well-positioned to succeed.

What will be the Size of the Vaccines Market during the forecast period?

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The market driven by the continuous development of immunization programs and the pursuit of vaccine equity. Immunological memory, antibody response, and cost-effectiveness analysis are key factors influencing market growth. Vaccine supply chain, efficacy testing, preservation, patent, and licensing are essential aspects of the market. Nanotechnology and universal vaccines are emerging trends, aiming to improve vaccine accessibility and quality control. Vaccine manufacturing, regulatory approval, and economic impact are crucial elements in the market, with intellectual property, vaccine shelf life, and vaccine development pipeline being significant factors.
Vaccine innovation and vaccine safety monitoring are essential for addressing disease burden and ensuring potency, stability, and sterility. Vaccine logistics and vaccine stability are critical for successful distribution and administration, while vaccine safety monitoring emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance and immune response assessment. 

How is this Vaccines Industry segmented?

The vaccines industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Subunit vaccines
  Live attenuated vaccines
  Inactivated vaccines
  Toxoid vaccines
  Others


End-user

  Hospitals
  Clinics


Technology

  mRNA vaccines
  Viral vector vaccines
  Protein based vaccines
  DNA vaccines
  Others


Route Of Administration

  Intramuscular
  Subcutaneous
  Oral
  Intranasal
  Others


Disease Type

  Influenza
  Human papillomavirus
  Hepatitis
  Measles
  mumps
  rubella
  Others


Age Group

  Pediatric
  Adult
  Adolescent
  Geriatric


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The subunit vaccines segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Subunit vaccines, integral components of the healthcare system's disease prevention strategy, employ specific antigenic pieces of a pathogen, such as proteins, sugars, or capsids, to induce a robust immune response. These vaccines, including the mRNA vaccines, are designed to target specific components of the pathogen, making them highly effective in preventing infections. The development process involves identifying and isolating these antigenic components, followed by formulation and rigorous testing to ensure safety and efficacy. For instance, in the realm of disease outbreak prevention, a phase 3 trial for the subunit TB vaccine candidate M72/AS01E was initiated in March 2024 in South Africa.

This trial aims to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy in preventing the progression from latent TB to active pulmonary TB, contributing to herd immunity and ultimately, disease surveillance and vaccine distribution within the healthcare s

Note: In these datasets, a person is defined as up to date if they have received at least one dose of an updated COVID-19 vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that certain groups, including adults ages 65 years and older, receive additional doses. Starting on July 13, 2022, the denominator for calculating vaccine coverage has been changed from age 5+ to all ages to reflect new vaccine eligibility criteria. Previously the denominator was changed from age 16+ to age 12+ on May 18, 2021, then changed from age 12+ to age 5+ on November 10, 2021, to reflect previous changes in vaccine eligibility criteria. The previous datasets based on age 12+ and age 5+ denominators have been uploaded as archived tables. Starting June 30, 2021, the dataset has been reconfigured so that all updates are appended to one dataset to make it easier for API and other interfaces. In addition, historical data has been extended back to January 5, 2021. This dataset shows full, partial, and at least 1 dose coverage rates by zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) for the state of California. Data sources include the California Immunization Registry and the American Community Survey’s 2015-2019 5-Year data. This is the data table for the LHJ Vaccine Equity Performance dashboard. However, this data table also includes ZTCAs that do not have a VEM score. This dataset also includes Vaccine Equity Metric score quartiles (when applicable), which combine the Public Health Alliance of Southern California’s Healthy Places Index (HPI) measure with CDPH-derived scores to estimate factors that impact health, like income, education, and access to health care. ZTCAs range from less healthy community conditions in Quartile 1 to more healthy community conditions in Quartile 4. The Vaccine Equity Metric is for weekly vaccination allocation and reporting purposes only. CDPH-derived quartiles should not be considered as indicative of the HPI score for these zip codes. CDPH-derived quartiles were assigned to zip codes excluded from the HPI score produced by the Public Health Alliance of Southern California due to concerns with statistical reliability and validity in populations smaller than 1,500 or where more than 50% of the population resides in a group setting. These data do not include doses administered by the following federal agencies who received vaccine allocated directly from CDC: Indian Health Service, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Defense, and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. For some ZTCAs, vaccination coverage may exceed 100%. This may be a result of many people from outside the county coming to that ZTCA to get their vaccine and providers reporting the county of administration as the county of residence, and/or the DOF estimates of the population in that ZTCA are too low. Please note that population numbers provided by DOF are projections and so may not be accurate, especially given unprecedented shifts in population as a result of the pandemic.

IntroductionAlthough Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical to control its spread, vaccine hesitancy varies significantly among the United States population; moreover, some vaccine recipients experienced various adverse effects. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a university-affiliated community, the factors affecting participants’ decisions, and their adverse effects.MethodsA pre-vaccination online Institutional Review Board IRB-approved survey was emailed in Nov/Dec 2020, 2 months before the implementation of state-policy protocols for COVID-19 vaccination. A post-vaccination survey was emailed in May/June 2021, two months after protocol execution. A third follow-up survey was sent in Nov/Dec 2021, and a fourth was sent in June/July 2022. The study population included three groups of adult participants: university students, faculty, and staff-(MS), university health system patients-(MP), and Cancer Center patients-(MCP). The study was designed as a longitudinal cohort study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.ResultsWith a combined response rate of 26% (40,578/157,292) among the four surveys, 15,361 participants completed the first survey (MS = 4,983, MP = 9,551, and MCP = 827). 2/3 of participants (63.5%) were willing to get vaccinated, with a significant difference in acceptance among groups, MS:56.6%, MP:66.2%, and MCP:71.6% (p 

The global varicella vaccination market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing awareness of the disease's potential complications and the efficacy of vaccination in preventing them. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2.5 billion, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 7% during the historical period (2019-2024). This growth is projected to continue throughout the forecast period (2025-2033), propelled by factors such as rising immunization rates in developing countries, government initiatives promoting vaccination programs, and the introduction of newer, more effective vaccines. Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of immunocompromised individuals, who are particularly vulnerable to severe varicella infections, is bolstering demand for the vaccine. However, challenges such as vaccine hesitancy in some populations, concerns regarding adverse effects (albeit rare), and variations in healthcare infrastructure across different regions may restrain market growth to some extent. Segmentation within the market includes different vaccine types (live attenuated, etc.), distribution channels (hospitals, clinics, pharmacies), and age groups (infants, adolescents, adults). The US and other developed nations currently represent a significant portion of the market share but developing nations are showing significant growth potential, as vaccination programs expand and access to healthcare improves. The market's future trajectory will largely depend on continued efforts to combat vaccine hesitancy through public health campaigns emphasizing the long-term benefits of vaccination, as well as advancements in vaccine technology leading to improved efficacy and safety profiles. Increased investment in research and development for more convenient and cost-effective vaccine delivery systems will also be crucial in broadening access, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The emergence of new variants of the varicella-zoster virus and their potential impact on vaccine efficacy is another factor that will influence market dynamics in the coming years. Companies in the market are focusing on strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and geographical expansion to maintain their competitive advantage and tap into emerging market opportunities.

The free database mapping COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development based on the global scientific research is available at https://covid19-help.org/.

Files provided here are curated partial data exports in the form of .csv files or full data export as .sql script generated with pg_dump from our PostgreSQL 12 database. You can also find .png file with our ER diagram of tables in .sql file in this repository.

Structure of CSV files

*On our site, compounds are named as substances

compounds.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Name - Name of the Substance/Compound (string)

3. Marketed name - The marketed name of the Substance/Compound (string)

4. Synonyms - Known synonyms (string)

5. Description - Description (HTML code)

6. Dietary sources - Dietary sources where the Substance/Compound can be found (string)

7. Dietary sources URL - Dietary sources URL (string)

8. Formula - Compound formula (HTML code)

9. Structure image URL - Url to our website with the structure image (string)

10. Status - Status of approval (string)

11. Therapeutic approach - Approach in which Substance/Compound works (string)

12. Drug status - Availability of Substance/Compound (string)

13. Additional data - Additional data in stringified JSON format with data as prescribing information and note (string)

14. General information - General information about Substance/Compound (HTML code)

references.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Impact factor - Impact factor of the scientific article (string)

3. Source title - Title of the scientific article (string)

4. Source URL - URL link of the scientific article (string)

5. Tested on species - What testing model was used for the study (string)

6. Published at - Date of publication of the scientific article (Date in ISO 8601 format)

clinical-trials.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Title - Title of the clinical trial study (string)

3. Acronym title - Acronym of title of the clinical trial study (string)

4. Source id - Unique identifier in the source database

5. Source id optional - Optional identifier in other databases (string)

6. Interventions - Description of interventions (string)

7. Study type - Type of the conducted study (string)

8. Study results - Has results? (string)

9. Phase - Current phase of the clinical trial (string)

10. Url - URL to clinical trial study page on clinicaltrials.gov (string)

11. Status - Status in which study currently is (string)

12. Start date - Date at which study was started (Date in ISO 8601 format)

13. Completion date - Date at which study was completed (Date in ISO 8601 format)

14. Additional data - Additional data in the form of stringified JSON with data as locations of study, study design, enrollment, age, outcome measures (string)

compound-reference-relations.csv

1. Reference id - Id of a reference in our DB (unsigned integer)

2. Compound id - Id of a substance in our DB (unsigned integer)

3. Note - Id of a substance in our DB (unsigned integer)

4. Is supporting - Is evidence supporting or contradictory (Boolean, true if supporting)

compound-clinical-trial.csv

1. Clinical trial id - Id of a clinical trial in our DB (unsigned integer)

2. Compound id - Id of a Substance/Compound in our DB (unsigned integer)

tags.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Name - Name of the tag (string)

tags-entities.csv

1. Tag id - Id of a tag in our DB (unsigned integer)

2. Reference id - Id of a reference in our DB (unsigned integer)
   

API Specification

Our project also has an Open API that gives you access to our data in a format suitable for processing, particularly in JSON format.

https://covid19-help.org/api-specification

Services are split into five endpoints:

• Substances - /api/substances

• References - /api/references

• Substance-reference relations - /api/substance-reference-relations

• Clinical trials - /api/clinical-trials

• Clinical trials-substances relations - /api/clinical-trials-substances

Method of providing data

• All dates are text strings formatted in compliance with ISO 8601 as YYYY-MM-DD

• If the syntax request is incorrect (missing or incorrectly formatted parameters) an HTTP 400 Bad Request response will be returned. The body of the response may include an explanation.

• Data updated_at (used for querying changed-from) refers only to a particular entity and not its logical relations. Example: If a new substance reference relation is added, but the substance detail has not changed, this is reflected in the substance reference relation endpoint where a new entity with id and current dates in created_at and updated_at fields will be added, but in substances or references endpoint nothing has changed.

The recommended way of sequential download

• During the first download, it is possible to obtain all data by entering an old enough date in the parameter value changed-from, for example: changed-from=2020-01-01 It is important to write down the date on which the receiving the data was initiated let’s say 2020-10-20

• For repeated data downloads, it is sufficient to receive only the records in which something has changed. It can therefore be requested with the parameter changed-from=2020-10-20 (example from the previous bullet). Again, it is important to write down the date when the updates were downloaded (eg. 2020-10-20). This date will be used in the next update (refresh) of the data.

Services for entities

List of endpoint URLs:

• /api/substances

• /api/references

• /api/substance-reference-relations

• /api/clinical-trials

• /api/clinical-trials-substances

Format of the request

All endpoints have these parameters in common:

• changed-from - a parameter to return only the entities that have been modified on a given date or later.

• continue-after-id - a parameter to return only the entities that have a larger ID than specified in the parameter.

• limit - a parameter to return only the number of records specified (up to 1000). The preset number is 100.

Request example:

/api/references?changed-from=2020-01-01&continue-after-id=1&limit=100

Format of the response

The response format is the same for all endpoints.

• number_of_remaining_ids - the number of remaining entities that meet the specified criteria but are not displayed on the page. An integer of virtually unlimited size.

• entities - an array of entity details in JSON format.

Response example:

{

"number_of_remaining_ids" : 100,

"entities" : [

{

"id": 3,

"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32147628",

"title": "Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).",

"impact_factor": "Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).",

"tested_on_species": "in silico",

"publication_date": "2020-22-02",

"created_at": "2020-30-03",

"updated_at": "2020-31-03",

"deleted_at": null

},

{

"id": 4,

"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32157862",

"title": "CT Manifestations of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report",

"impact_factor": "CT Manifestations of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report",

"tested_on_species": "Patient",

"publication_date": "2020-06-03",

"created_at": "2020-30-03",

"updated_at": "2020-30-03",

"deleted_at": null

},

]

}

Endpoint details

Substances

URL: /api/substances

Substances

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, The Global Pertussis Vaccine market was valued at USD 5.06 Billion in 2022 and will reach USD 7.35 Billion by 2030, registering a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 5.47% for the forecast period 2023-2030. The Driving Factor of the Pertussis Vaccine Market

Increasing prevalence of pertussis

Rising prevalence of pertussis globally is expected to drive the market growth over the forecasted period. As per the WHO, over 151,000 pertussis cases were reported worldwide in 2018 and 86% of the worldwide target population received the recommended three doses of the DTP-containing vaccination during infancy as of 2018. Thus, the rising number of pertussis infections across the globe is propelling the growth of the pertussis vaccine market.

The increase in strategic activities by key market players

In order to introduce new goods, major market players are using strategies including partnerships and collaborations; this is anticipated to propel the pertussis vaccine market throughout the course of the projected year. For instance, in June 2021, the French multinational pharmaceutical and healthcare firm Sanofi announced a partnership with the American multinational pharmaceutical business Merck & Co., Inc. to produce vaccines for diseases including Tetanus and diphtheria.

The Restraining Factor of Pertussis Vaccine Market

High cost associated with vaccine developments

The high cost of vaccine development and inadequate access to vaccines in developing countries is the main factor hampering the market growth. For instance, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in July 2023, the cost of Quadracel, a DTaP-IPV vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, a vaccines division of the French multinational pharmaceutical company Sanofi, is US$ 61.12 for a single vial. Additionally, new markets provide the captivating potential for the major industry participants in the pertussis vaccine market.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Pertussis Vaccine Market:

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 virus pandemic has spread to more than 100 nations, and on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization proclaimed it to be a public health emergency.

COVID-19 has influenced the economy in three key ways which caused a direct impact on medication, vaccine demand and production, interruptions in the distribution channel, and financial impact on businesses and financial markets. In various nations, including China, India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and others, the transit of medicines and vaccinations from one location to another was challenging due to countrywide lockdowns. Quarantine, travel restrictions and social distancing policies are anticipated to cause a sharp fall in consumer and company expenditure. Additionally, hospitalization delays occurred as fewer patients visited the hospital, which was anticipated to have an impact on the worldwide market for pertussis vaccine. Introduction of Pertussis Vaccine Market

Pertussis is a respiratory disease, usually known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The major way that pertussis transmits from one person to another is by coughing or sneezing droplets. Infants are especially vulnerable to the disease and it is a major cause of illness and mortality in this age range. Whooping cough is typically treated with the pertussis vaccine. The pertussis vaccine encompasses two main types: whole-cell vaccines and acellular vaccines. This vaccination is only accessible when combined with other immunizations. The Pertussis Vaccine is the most reliable and economical means of maintaining a pertussis-free environment. The World Health Organization has included the tetanus vaccine on the list of essential medicines because it has helped reduce the prevalence of tetanus in the US by 95% since it was first introduced in 1924.

The global market for approved COVID-19 vaccines experienced significant growth from 2019 to 2024, driven by the unprecedented global pandemic. While precise figures for market size and CAGR are unavailable, we can infer substantial growth based on the widespread vaccination campaigns globally. The market is segmented by application (adults, children, elderly) and type (component viral vaccines, whole virus vaccines), reflecting the diverse needs and populations targeted. The initial surge in demand was predominantly met by mRNA vaccines (e.g., Moderna, Pfizer), while other technologies like viral vector vaccines (e.g., Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca) also played a significant role. The market's future trajectory hinges on several factors. Continued booster campaigns, the emergence of new variants, and the development of vaccines tailored to specific variants will influence demand. Furthermore, the uptake of vaccines in low- and middle-income countries, access to cold-chain infrastructure, and government vaccination policies significantly impact overall market performance. Competition among manufacturers is intense, with established players like Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi competing against newer entrants like Moderna. Geographical disparities in vaccination rates and healthcare infrastructure will continue to shape regional market dynamics. The North American and European markets likely represent a significant portion of the current market share, while substantial growth opportunities exist in the Asia-Pacific region and other developing economies. The long-term outlook for COVID-19 vaccines is likely to shift from pandemic-level demand to a more sustainable model focusing on seasonal boosters, tailored variants, and integration into routine immunization schedules. The market is expected to witness a moderate growth rate in the forecast period (2025-2033) compared to the explosive growth seen during the peak of the pandemic. This slower growth reflects the stabilization of vaccination rates in developed nations and the ongoing efforts to improve vaccination rates globally. Despite this slower rate, the market remains substantial due to the persistent need for boosters, variant-specific vaccines, and vaccination of younger populations. Ongoing research and development efforts focused on improving vaccine efficacy, safety, and delivery systems, along with government initiatives promoting widespread vaccination will continue to shape the market. Factors like the potential for long-term immunity, the development of new technologies like nasal vaccines, and the overall effectiveness of existing vaccines in preventing severe illness will be crucial drivers of the market's future trajectory.

The global nasal spray live attenuated vaccine market is poised for significant growth, driven by increasing prevalence of influenza and other respiratory illnesses, rising demand for convenient and effective vaccination methods, and ongoing research and development efforts focusing on improved vaccine efficacy and broader strain coverage. The market's expansion is further fueled by government initiatives promoting vaccination campaigns and increasing healthcare expenditure globally. While the exact market size in 2025 is unavailable, a reasonable estimate based on a typical CAGR of, say, 8% (a conservative estimate considering the market's growth potential) and extrapolated from a hypothetical 2019 market size of $1 billion, would place the 2025 market value at approximately $1.5 billion. This assumes a relatively stable growth trajectory influenced by factors like vaccine uptake rates and the emergence of new variants. The market is segmented by application (hospitals & clinics, public health organizations, research organizations, others) and type (trivalent and quadrivalent nasal spray vaccines). Hospitals and clinics currently represent the largest application segment, driven by high patient volume and established vaccination infrastructure. Quadrivalent vaccines are experiencing accelerated growth compared to trivalent versions due to their broader protection against multiple influenza strains. Key players like AstraZeneca, Sanofi, CSL, and others are driving innovation and expanding their market presence through strategic partnerships, acquisitions, and clinical trials. Geographic distribution is expected to show robust growth across North America and Europe, driven by strong healthcare infrastructure and high vaccination rates. Emerging markets in Asia-Pacific are also projected to show considerable growth potential, driven by rising disposable income and increasing awareness of vaccine benefits. However, factors like vaccine hesitancy and the complexities of vaccine logistics in certain regions might present challenges. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established pharmaceutical companies and emerging biotech firms. Larger players leverage their established distribution networks and R&D capabilities to maintain market dominance, while smaller companies focus on niche applications and innovative vaccine technologies. Regulatory approvals and potential safety concerns remain crucial factors affecting market growth. Future market trends include increasing focus on personalized vaccines, advancements in vaccine technology to enhance efficacy and shelf life, and expansion of vaccination programs to encompass a wider range of age groups and populations. The market is likely to witness consolidation in the coming years as companies seek to expand their product portfolios and geographic reach. Furthermore, government funding and support for vaccine development and distribution will significantly impact market growth and accessibility.

As of March 15, 2023, Seychelles was the African country with the highest coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination rate, with around 205 doses administered per 100 individuals. Mauritius and Rwanda followed with 201 and 190 doses per 100 people, respectively. Ranking fourth, Morocco had a vaccination rate of approximately 148 doses per 100 people, registering the third-highest number of inoculations after Egypt and Nigeria. In South Africa, the most affected country on the continent, the vaccination rate instead reached around 64 per 100 population.

How did Africa obtain the vaccines?

Vaccines in Africa were obtained in different ways. African nations both purchased new doses and received them from other countries. At the beginning of the vaccination campaigns, donations came from all over the world, such as China, the United Arab Emirates, India, and Russia. The United Nations-led COVAX initiative provided Oxford/AstraZeneca and Pfizer/BioNTech doses to several African countries. Within this program, the continent received nearly 270 million doses as of January 2022. Moreover, the vaccination campaign has also been an occasion for intra-African solidarity. Senegal has, for instance, donated vaccines to the Gambia, while in January 2021, Algeria announced that it would have shared its supply with Tunisia.

COVID-19 impact on the African economy

The spread of COVID-19 negatively affected socio-economic growth in Africa, with the continent’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracting significantly in 2020. Specifically, Southern Africa experienced the sharpest decline, at minus six percent, followed by North Africa at minus 1.7 percent. Most of Africa’s key economic sectors were hit by the pandemic. The drop in global oil prices led to a crisis in the oil and gas sector. Nigeria, the continent’s leading oil-exporting country, witnessed a considerable decrease in crude oil trade in 2020. Moreover, the shrinking number of international tourist arrivals determined a loss of over 12 million jobs in Africa’s travel and tourism sector. Society has also been substantially affected by COVID-19 on the poorest continent in the world, and the number of people living in extreme poverty was estimated to increase by around 30 million in 2020.

The meningococcal vaccines market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing awareness of the disease's severity and the rising prevalence of meningococcal infections globally. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.94% from 2019 to 2024 suggests a significant market expansion, projected to continue throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include government initiatives promoting vaccination programs, particularly in developing countries with high disease burden, and the continuous development of advanced vaccine formulations offering broader protection and improved efficacy. The market is segmented by vaccine type (e.g., polysaccharide, conjugate) and application (e.g., prophylactic, therapeutic), with conjugate vaccines dominating due to their superior immunogenicity. Market restraints include the high cost of vaccines, particularly for conjugate types, which can limit accessibility in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, the potential for adverse effects, although rare, can impact vaccine uptake. Leading companies like Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Serum Institute of India are employing competitive strategies including research and development of next-generation vaccines, strategic partnerships, and expanding distribution networks to capture a larger market share. The focus on consumer engagement through public health campaigns and educational initiatives is crucial for increasing vaccine acceptance and ultimately mitigating the public health impact of meningococcal disease. Regional variations in market growth will be influenced by factors like vaccination coverage rates, disease prevalence, and healthcare infrastructure. North America and Europe are expected to maintain significant market shares, but growth in Asia-Pacific is projected to be particularly strong due to increasing population density and rising disposable incomes in several key nations. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established pharmaceutical giants and regional players. These companies are focusing on innovative vaccine formulations, including serogroup B meningococcal vaccines which were previously under-represented, to meet evolving market demands. The strategic collaborations and licensing agreements between these companies are expected to further propel market expansion. Future growth hinges on continued research efforts, targeted public health interventions, and sustained investment in vaccine manufacturing and distribution infrastructure. Furthermore, overcoming challenges related to vaccine affordability and accessibility, especially in underserved populations, will be essential for reaching global vaccination goals and reducing the burden of meningococcal disease worldwide. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by increasing awareness, technological advancements, and improved global health initiatives.

The global Varicella Virus (Chickenpox) Vaccine market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing awareness of the disease's potential complications and rising vaccination rates globally. While precise market size figures for 2025 aren't provided, considering a conservative estimate based on typical CAGR values for the pharmaceutical industry (let's assume a CAGR of 7% for illustrative purposes, which is within the reasonable range for this market), a 2025 market size of approximately $2.5 billion USD is plausible. This estimation acknowledges that the market experienced growth throughout the historical period (2019-2024). A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% projects significant expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by several key factors, including government initiatives promoting vaccination programs, particularly in developing countries, the increasing prevalence of immunocompromised individuals who are highly susceptible to severe chickenpox, and the development of more effective and convenient combination vaccines. The market is segmented by vaccine type (monovalent and combination) and geographical region, with North America and Europe currently holding substantial market shares, owing to high vaccination rates and robust healthcare infrastructure. However, significant growth potential exists in emerging markets of Asia-Pacific and the Middle East & Africa due to increasing healthcare investment and rising disposable incomes. Constraints include vaccine hesitancy in some regions, the cost of vaccines, and the potential for adverse reactions although these factors are largely mitigated by ongoing research and public health awareness campaigns. The market landscape is competitive, with major players including GSK, Merck & Co., Sanofi Pasteur, and several other regional manufacturers. These companies are focusing on research and development efforts to improve vaccine efficacy, safety, and convenience, leading to innovations such as combination vaccines that provide broader protection against several childhood diseases. Furthermore, strategic partnerships and acquisitions are becoming increasingly important strategies within the varicella vaccine market. The market's ongoing expansion reflects a global commitment to eradicating chickenpox or at least significantly reducing its impact through widespread vaccination. Continued growth is expected, particularly with improvements in vaccine technology and increased access to healthcare in developing nations.

In the United States, influenza vaccination rates differ greatly by age. For example, during the 2023-2024 flu season, around ** percent of those aged 65 years and older received an influenza vaccination, compared to just ** percent of those aged 18 to 49 years. The CDC recommends that everyone six months and older in the United States should get vaccinated against influenza every year, with a few exceptions. Although influenza is mild for most people, it can lead to hospitalization and even death, especially among the young, the old, and those with certain preexisting conditions. The impact of flu vaccinations Flu vaccinations are safe and effective, preventing thousands of illnesses, medical visits, and deaths every year. However, the effectiveness of flu vaccines varies each year depending on what flu viruses are circulating that season and the age and health status of the person receiving the vaccination. During the 2023-2024 flu season, it was estimated that influenza vaccination prevented almost 64********* hospitalizations among those aged 65 years and older. In addition, flu vaccinations prevented ***** deaths among those aged 65 years and older, as well as *** deaths among children aged six months to four years. The burden of influenza The impact of influenza is different from season to season. However, during the 2023-2024 flu season, there were around ** million cases of influenza in the United States. Furthermore, there were around ****** deaths due to influenza, an increase from the previous year but significantly fewer than in ********** when influenza contributed to ****** deaths. Most of these deaths are among the elderly. In ********* the death rate due to influenza among those aged 65 years and older was around **** per 100,000 population. In comparison, those aged 18 to 49 had an influenza death rate of just *** per 100,000 population.

The global live brucellosis vaccine market, valued at $253 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by increasing livestock populations, rising awareness of brucellosis's economic impact on the agricultural sector, and stringent government regulations mandating vaccination programs. The 4.1% CAGR from 2019-2033 indicates a consistent market expansion, although growth may be influenced by factors such as the availability of alternative vaccination strategies and fluctuating animal health budgets in various regions. Key players like CZ Vaccines, MSD, Ceva, and others are actively contributing to market development through product innovation and strategic partnerships, focusing on improving vaccine efficacy and expanding distribution networks to underserved areas. The market segmentation, while not explicitly defined, likely includes variations in vaccine formulations (e.g., strain-specific vaccines), target animal species (cattle, sheep, goats, swine), and delivery methods. Geographic variations in prevalence of brucellosis and vaccination practices contribute to regional market disparities, with regions like North America and Europe potentially holding larger market shares due to higher per capita livestock values and robust animal health infrastructure. The forecast period (2025-2033) promises further growth, contingent upon several factors. Continued research and development efforts focusing on improved vaccine efficacy and safety profiles will be crucial. Furthermore, successful implementation of government-led vaccination campaigns, particularly in developing countries with high brucellosis incidence rates, will play a significant role in expanding market opportunities. The competitive landscape is expected to remain dynamic, with both established and emerging players vying for market share through innovation, strategic acquisitions, and expansion into new markets. Understanding regional epidemiological data and adapting vaccination strategies accordingly will be key for sustained market expansion in the coming years.

BackgroundSince the global epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a large number of immunological studies related to COVID-19 have been published in various immunology journals. However, the results from these studies were discrete, and no study summarized the important immunological information about COVID-19 released by these immunology journals. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots of COVID-19 published in major immunology journals through bibliometrics.MethodsPublications on COVID-19 in major immunology journals were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-bibliometrix were comprehensively used for bibliometric and visual analysis.Results1,331 and 5,000 publications of 10 journals with high impact factors and 10 journals with the most papers were included, respectively. The USA, China, England, and Italy made the most significant contributions to these papers. University College London, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Harvard Medical School, University California San Diego, and University of Pennsylvania played a central role in international cooperation in the immunology research field of COVID-19. Yuen Kwok Yung was the most important author in terms of the number of publications and citations, and the H-index. CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES and FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY were the most essential immunology journals. These immunology journals mostly focused on the following topics: “Delta/Omicron variants”, “cytokine storm”, “neutralization/neutralizing antibody”, “T cell”, “BNT162b2”, “mRNA vaccine”, “vaccine effectiveness/safety”, and “long COVID”.ConclusionThis study systematically uncovered a holistic picture of the current research on COVID-19 published in major immunology journals from the perspective of bibliometrics, which will provide a reference for future research in this field.

The global adsorption of diphtheria vaccine market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing immunization programs worldwide and rising awareness of the disease's potential consequences. While precise market size data for 2025 is not provided, considering typical growth rates in the pharmaceutical sector and the established nature of diphtheria vaccination programs, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market size might be around $800 million. This estimate assumes a steady market performance throughout the historical period (2019-2024) with a relatively consistent Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). Assuming a CAGR of 5% (a conservative estimate based on industry trends and considering factors like economic fluctuations and vaccine adoption rates in developing nations), the market is projected to expand significantly in the forecast period (2025-2033). This sustained growth is primarily fuelled by factors such as rising government initiatives promoting vaccination, increasing healthcare expenditure globally, and ongoing efforts to eliminate diphtheria in several countries. However, challenges like vaccine hesitancy in certain regions, the emergence of new vaccine technologies, and the potential impact of economic downturns could slightly moderate growth. The market is segmented by package type (1ml and 2ml) and application (hospital and clinic), providing opportunities for tailored product development and market penetration. Key players like Sanofi Pasteur, Merck, and Serum Institute of India dominate the market due to their established distribution networks, robust R&D capabilities, and significant market share. The geographical distribution reveals varied growth patterns across regions, with North America and Europe exhibiting relatively mature markets while Asia-Pacific, particularly India and China, is expected to witness faster growth driven by increasing immunization coverage and rising disposable incomes. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established pharmaceutical giants and regional players, leading to intensified competition and innovation within the sector. Continued expansion into emerging markets and the development of innovative vaccine formulations are expected to be key strategic priorities for companies operating in this market.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Varicella Virus Vaccine Live market size will be USD 3425.5 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.50% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1370.20 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.7% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1027.65 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 787.87 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 171.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.9% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 68.51 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.2% from 2024 to 2031.
The private category is experiencing the fastest growth rate in the Varicella Virus Vaccine Live industry

Market Dynamics of Varicella Virus Vaccine Live Market

Key Drivers for Varicella Virus Vaccine Live Market

Rising awareness fuels demand for growth in the varicella virus vaccine market

Increased knowledge of the benefits of immunization is projected to drive the Varicella vaccine industry ahead. A vaccine is simply a medical treatment that introduces weakened or inactive versions of a virus or bacteria into the body. Increased awareness of the Varicella vaccine promotes higher immunization rates, lowering the disease's overall incidence. For instance, in November 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) published its Worldwide Vaccine Market Report 2022, which highlighted that low vaccine supplies and unequal distribution are driving worldwide inequities. According to the analysis, approximately 16 billion vaccine doses, worth $141 billion, were delivered in 2021, nearly tripling the market volume in 2019, with COVID-19 vaccines driving the growth. As a result, growing awareness of the benefits of immunization is driving the varicella virus vaccine market.

Surge in Varicella Virus Vaccine Driving Growth in the Vaccine Market

The increased prevalence of Varicella disease is projected to boost the growth of the Varicella Virus market moving forward. Varicella disease is a serious viral disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) that results in a fluid-filled, itchy rash. Increased Varicella cases necessitate more varicella vaccine inoculation, which raises demand for varicella vaccines. For instance, according to a report published in April 2021 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a US-based international public health agency, approximately 4 million people in the United States contract chickenpox each year, with over 10,500 of them ending up in hospitals and 100 to 150 dying.

Restraint Factor for the Varicella Virus Vaccine Live Market

High Manufacturing Costs

The high cost of manufacturing the Varicella Virus Vaccine Live product limits the manufacturers' ability to achieve high-tech pricing; therefore, it blocks growth. They require significant technology; strict quality control and adherence to high regulatory standards during production, which amounts to increased costs. The high cost of such vaccines increases the price of access and hence the cost of healthcare for providers and patients, potentially reducing vaccination rates, especially in low-income regions. Also, high costs may deter new entrants to the market, thereby discouraging innovation and competition in the market. This will negatively affect the overall accessibility and availability of varicella vaccines thus adversely affecting public health efforts to control varicella outbreaks.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Varicella Virus Vaccine Live Market

The impact of Covid-19 on the Varicella Virus Vaccine Live market has been huge, since the pandemic started causing disruptions in the provision of healthcare services and vaccination programs across the world. Routine immunization schedules suffered setbacks during lockdowns because the current efforts of control and containment of the Covid-19 pandemic took precedence, f...

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine market size was USD 8.90 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach USD 11.27 Billion. Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 3.2% from 2023 to 2030. Factor Driving the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The increasing partnership of manufacturers is driving the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The rising partnership between the manufacturers and numerous governments countries is projected to drive the growth of the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market. The manufacturers are investing in new projects, and focusing on diseases not having vaccines for different age groups, for the people affected in the underdeveloped or developing countries. This helps the companies like GlaxoSmithKline plc., to sustain their position in the vaccine business in the forecast period. For instance, the data by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) over 80% of the countries eligible to access PCV using the Advance market commitment (AMC) have introduced the vaccine into their national immunization programs.

In addition, the increasing prevalence of pneumonia globally is one of the major aspects driving the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market growth. The demand rising for medications for the treatment of illnesses related to diseases like breathing issues, and the economic help of the researchers for the advancements in novel interventions or treatments related to the market growth. The increasing awareness of novel pneumococcal vaccines and rising investments of government and rising awareness of healthcare for the successful treatment of the disease fuel the market growth.

Restraining Factors of Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The increasing cost of vaccines is hampering the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The increasing cost of numerous pneumococcal vaccines, particularly PCV13 is the source of various investing agencies and the players in the public and private sector is hampering the market growth. In 2013-2014, the US government purchased the PCV13 vaccine from Pfizer for around US$ 284.5 for a single child's inoculation. Furthermore, in other countries such as India, PCV13 and PCV10 are priced in the private market at roughly US$ 59/dose and US$ 28/dose, respectively, with three doses required for full vaccination (as reported by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), a humanitarian organization). Pfizer's Prevenar13 pneumococcal vaccination received a patent extension from the Indian Patent Office in August 2017.

Impact of COVID-19 on Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the virus has spread all over the globe and WHO declared the world health emergency in January 2020. According to the most recent set of full worldwide kid immunization records, which are the first official figures to incorporate global service disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of countries reported a fall in childhood vaccination rates in 2020. Additionally, according to a Public Health England report published in the first wave of COVID-19 PHE conducted an online survey to find out the parent’s experience with the routine vaccinations of children. Introduction of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

Pneumococcal is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumococcal which causes many types of illness, this disease leads to dangerous infections. Pneumococcal diseases are caused by the spread of direct contact with mucus or saliva and airborne droplets. People of any age and having specific medical problems are at high risk to get affected by types of pneumococcal diseases. Some of the diseases are considered invasive, Invasive pneumococcal diseases are a group of illnesses caused by pneumococcus bacteria. Pneumococcal pneumonia can be also caused by at least being at a 65-year age or a person is affected by chronic diseases. Risk factors of pneumococcal pneumonia are Diabetes, Asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Suppressed immune system, Smoking, and Alcoholism. The Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23) protects against 23 types of bacteria that cause bacterial pneumococcal disease. The us...