Background This bibliometric analysis examines the top 50 most-cited articles on COVID-19 complications, offering insights into the multifaceted impact of the virus. Since its emergence in Wuhan in December 2019, COVID-19 has evolved into a global health crisis, with over 770 million confirmed cases and 6.9 million deaths as of September 2023. Initially recognized as a respiratory illness causing pneumonia and ARDS, its diverse complications extend to cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hematological, neurological, endocrinological, ophthalmological, hepatobiliary, and dermatological systems. Methods Identifying the top 50 articles from a pool of 5940 in Scopus, the analysis spans November 2019 to July 2021, employing terms related to COVID-19 and complications. Rigorous review criteria excluded non-relevant studies, basic science research, and animal models. The authors independently reviewed articles, considering factors like title, citations, publication year, journal, impact factor, authors, study details, and patient demographics. Results The focus is primarily on 2020 publications (96%), with all articles being open-access. Leading journals include The Lancet, NEJM, and JAMA, with prominent contributions from Internal Medicine (46.9%) and Pulmonary Medicine (14.5%). China played a major role (34.9%), followed by France and Belgium. Clinical features were the primary study topic (68%), often utilizing retrospective designs (24%). Among 22,477 patients analyzed, 54.8% were male, with the most common age group being 26–65 years (63.2%). Complications affected 13.9% of patients, with a recovery rate of 57.8%. Conclusion Analyzing these top-cited articles offers clinicians and researchers a comprehensive, timely understanding of influential COVID-19 literature. This approach uncovers attributes contributing to high citations and provides authors with valuable insights for crafting impactful research. As a strategic tool, this analysis facilitates staying updated and making meaningful contributions to the dynamic field of COVID-19 research. Methods A bibliometric analysis of the most cited articles about COVID-19 complications was conducted in July 2021 using all journals indexed in Elsevier’s Scopus and Thomas Reuter’s Web of Science from November 1, 2019 to July 1, 2021. All journals were selected for inclusion regardless of country of origin, language, medical speciality, or electronic availability of articles or abstracts. The terms were combined as follows: (“COVID-19” OR “COVID19” OR “SARS-COV-2” OR “SARSCOV2” OR “SARS 2” OR “Novel coronavirus” OR “2019-nCov” OR “Coronavirus”) AND (“Complication” OR “Long Term Complication” OR “Post-Intensive Care Syndrome” OR “Venous Thromboembolism” OR “Acute Kidney Injury” OR “Acute Liver Injury” OR “Post COVID-19 Syndrome” OR “Acute Cardiac Injury” OR “Cardiac Arrest” OR “Stroke” OR “Embolism” OR “Septic Shock” OR “Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation” OR “Secondary Infection” OR “Blood Clots” OR “Cytokine Release Syndrome” OR “Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome” OR “Vaccine Induced Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome” OR “Aspergillosis” OR “Mucormycosis” OR “Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia Anaemia” OR “Immune Thrombocytopenia” OR “Subacute Thyroiditis” OR “Acute Respiratory Failure” OR “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome” OR “Pneumonia” OR “Subcutaneous Emphysema” OR “Pneumothorax” OR “Pneumomediastinum” OR “Encephalopathy” OR “Pancreatitis” OR “Chronic Fatigue” OR “Rhabdomyolysis” OR “Neurologic Complication” OR “Cardiovascular Complications” OR “Psychiatric Complication” OR “Respiratory Complication” OR “Cardiac Complication” OR “Vascular Complication” OR “Renal Complication” OR “Gastrointestinal Complication” OR “Haematological Complication” OR “Hepatobiliary Complication” OR “Musculoskeletal Complication” OR “Genitourinary Complication” OR “Otorhinolaryngology Complication” OR “Dermatological Complication” OR “Paediatric Complication” OR “Geriatric Complication” OR “Pregnancy Complication”) in the Title, Abstract or Keyword. A total of 5940 articles were accessed, of which the top 50 most cited articles about COVID-19 and Complications of COVID-19 were selected through Scopus. Each article was reviewed for its appropriateness for inclusion. The articles were independently reviewed by three researchers (JRP, MAM and TS) (Table 1). Differences in opinion with regard to article inclusion were resolved by consensus. The inclusion criteria specified articles that were focused on COVID-19 and Complications of COVID-19. Articles were excluded if they did not relate to COVID-19 and or complications of COVID-19, Basic Science Research and studies using animal models or phantoms. Review articles, Viewpoints, Guidelines, Perspectives and Meta-analysis were also excluded from the top 50 most-cited articles (Table 1). The top 50 most-cited articles were compiled in a single database and the relevant data was extracted. The database included: Article Title, Scopus Citations, Year of Publication, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Authors, Number of Authors, Department Affiliation, Number of Institutions, Country of Origin, Study Topic, Study Design, Sample Size, Open Access, Non-Original Articles, Patient/Participants Age, Gender, Symptoms, Signs, Co-morbidities, Complications, Imaging Modalities Used and outcome.

This dataset reports the daily reported number of the 7-day moving average rates of Deaths involving COVID-19 by vaccination status and by age group.

Learn how the Government of Ontario is helping to keep Ontarians safe during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak.

Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool

Data includes:

• Date on which the death occurred
• Age group
• 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those not fully vaccinated
• 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those fully vaccinated
• 7-day moving average of the last seven days of the death rate per 100,000 for those vaccinated with at least one booster

Additional notes

As of June 16, all COVID-19 datasets will be updated weekly on Thursdays by 2pm.

As of January 12, 2024, data from the date of January 1, 2024 onwards reflect updated population estimates. This update specifically impacts data for the 'not fully vaccinated' category.

On November 30, 2023 the count of COVID-19 deaths was updated to include missing historical deaths from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2023.

CCM is a dynamic disease reporting system which allows ongoing update to data previously entered. As a result, data extracted from CCM represents a snapshot at the time of extraction and may differ from previous or subsequent results. Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19 data, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes and current totals being different from previously reported cases and deaths. Observed trends over time should be interpreted with caution for the most recent period due to reporting and/or data entry lags.

The data does not include vaccination data for people who did not provide consent for vaccination records to be entered into the provincial COVaxON system. This includes individual records as well as records from some Indigenous communities where those communities have not consented to including vaccination information in COVaxON.

“Not fully vaccinated” category includes people with no vaccine and one dose of double-dose vaccine. “People with one dose of double-dose vaccine” category has a small and constantly changing number. The combination will stabilize the results.

Spikes, negative numbers and other data anomalies: Due to ongoing data entry and data quality assurance activities in Case and Contact Management system (CCM) file, Public Health Units continually clean up COVID-19, correcting for missing or overcounted cases and deaths. These corrections can result in data spikes, negative numbers and current totals being different from previously reported case and death counts.

Public Health Units report cause of death in the CCM based on information available to them at the time of reporting and in accordance with definitions provided by Public Health Ontario. The medical certificate of death is the official record and the cause of death could be different.

Deaths are defined per the outcome field in CCM marked as “Fatal”. Deaths in COVID-19 cases identified as unrelated to COVID-19 are not included in the Deaths involving COVID-19 reported.

Rates for the most recent days are subject to reporting lags

All data reflects totals from 8 p.m. the previous day.

This dataset is subject to change.

As of March 15, 2023, Seychelles was the African country with the highest coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination rate, with around 205 doses administered per 100 individuals. Mauritius and Rwanda followed with 201 and 190 doses per 100 people, respectively. Ranking fourth, Morocco had a vaccination rate of approximately 148 doses per 100 people, registering the third-highest number of inoculations after Egypt and Nigeria. In South Africa, the most affected country on the continent, the vaccination rate instead reached around 64 per 100 population.

How did Africa obtain the vaccines?

Vaccines in Africa were obtained in different ways. African nations both purchased new doses and received them from other countries. At the beginning of the vaccination campaigns, donations came from all over the world, such as China, the United Arab Emirates, India, and Russia. The United Nations-led COVAX initiative provided Oxford/AstraZeneca and Pfizer/BioNTech doses to several African countries. Within this program, the continent received nearly 270 million doses as of January 2022. Moreover, the vaccination campaign has also been an occasion for intra-African solidarity. Senegal has, for instance, donated vaccines to the Gambia, while in January 2021, Algeria announced that it would have shared its supply with Tunisia.

COVID-19 impact on the African economy

The spread of COVID-19 negatively affected socio-economic growth in Africa, with the continent’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracting significantly in 2020. Specifically, Southern Africa experienced the sharpest decline, at minus six percent, followed by North Africa at minus 1.7 percent. Most of Africa’s key economic sectors were hit by the pandemic. The drop in global oil prices led to a crisis in the oil and gas sector. Nigeria, the continent’s leading oil-exporting country, witnessed a considerable decrease in crude oil trade in 2020. Moreover, the shrinking number of international tourist arrivals determined a loss of over 12 million jobs in Africa’s travel and tourism sector. Society has also been substantially affected by COVID-19 on the poorest continent in the world, and the number of people living in extreme poverty was estimated to increase by around 30 million in 2020.

The free database mapping COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development based on the global scientific research is available at https://covid19-help.org/.

Files provided here are curated partial data exports in the form of .csv files or full data export as .sql script generated with pg_dump from our PostgreSQL 12 database. You can also find .png file with our ER diagram of tables in .sql file in this repository.

Structure of CSV files

*On our site, compounds are named as substances

compounds.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Name - Name of the Substance/Compound (string)

3. Marketed name - The marketed name of the Substance/Compound (string)

4. Synonyms - Known synonyms (string)

5. Description - Description (HTML code)

6. Dietary sources - Dietary sources where the Substance/Compound can be found (string)

7. Dietary sources URL - Dietary sources URL (string)

8. Formula - Compound formula (HTML code)

9. Structure image URL - Url to our website with the structure image (string)

10. Status - Status of approval (string)

11. Therapeutic approach - Approach in which Substance/Compound works (string)

12. Drug status - Availability of Substance/Compound (string)

13. Additional data - Additional data in stringified JSON format with data as prescribing information and note (string)

14. General information - General information about Substance/Compound (HTML code)

references.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Impact factor - Impact factor of the scientific article (string)

3. Source title - Title of the scientific article (string)

4. Source URL - URL link of the scientific article (string)

5. Tested on species - What testing model was used for the study (string)

6. Published at - Date of publication of the scientific article (Date in ISO 8601 format)

clinical-trials.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Title - Title of the clinical trial study (string)

3. Acronym title - Acronym of title of the clinical trial study (string)

4. Source id - Unique identifier in the source database

5. Source id optional - Optional identifier in other databases (string)

6. Interventions - Description of interventions (string)

7. Study type - Type of the conducted study (string)

8. Study results - Has results? (string)

9. Phase - Current phase of the clinical trial (string)

10. Url - URL to clinical trial study page on clinicaltrials.gov (string)

11. Status - Status in which study currently is (string)

12. Start date - Date at which study was started (Date in ISO 8601 format)

13. Completion date - Date at which study was completed (Date in ISO 8601 format)

14. Additional data - Additional data in the form of stringified JSON with data as locations of study, study design, enrollment, age, outcome measures (string)

compound-reference-relations.csv

1. Reference id - Id of a reference in our DB (unsigned integer)

2. Compound id - Id of a substance in our DB (unsigned integer)

3. Note - Id of a substance in our DB (unsigned integer)

4. Is supporting - Is evidence supporting or contradictory (Boolean, true if supporting)

compound-clinical-trial.csv

1. Clinical trial id - Id of a clinical trial in our DB (unsigned integer)

2. Compound id - Id of a Substance/Compound in our DB (unsigned integer)

tags.csv

1. Id - Unique identifier in our database (unsigned integer)

2. Name - Name of the tag (string)

tags-entities.csv

1. Tag id - Id of a tag in our DB (unsigned integer)

2. Reference id - Id of a reference in our DB (unsigned integer)
   

API Specification

Our project also has an Open API that gives you access to our data in a format suitable for processing, particularly in JSON format.

https://covid19-help.org/api-specification

Services are split into five endpoints:

• Substances - /api/substances

• References - /api/references

• Substance-reference relations - /api/substance-reference-relations

• Clinical trials - /api/clinical-trials

• Clinical trials-substances relations - /api/clinical-trials-substances

Method of providing data

• All dates are text strings formatted in compliance with ISO 8601 as YYYY-MM-DD

• If the syntax request is incorrect (missing or incorrectly formatted parameters) an HTTP 400 Bad Request response will be returned. The body of the response may include an explanation.

• Data updated_at (used for querying changed-from) refers only to a particular entity and not its logical relations. Example: If a new substance reference relation is added, but the substance detail has not changed, this is reflected in the substance reference relation endpoint where a new entity with id and current dates in created_at and updated_at fields will be added, but in substances or references endpoint nothing has changed.

The recommended way of sequential download

• During the first download, it is possible to obtain all data by entering an old enough date in the parameter value changed-from, for example: changed-from=2020-01-01 It is important to write down the date on which the receiving the data was initiated let’s say 2020-10-20

• For repeated data downloads, it is sufficient to receive only the records in which something has changed. It can therefore be requested with the parameter changed-from=2020-10-20 (example from the previous bullet). Again, it is important to write down the date when the updates were downloaded (eg. 2020-10-20). This date will be used in the next update (refresh) of the data.

Services for entities

List of endpoint URLs:

• /api/substances

• /api/references

• /api/substance-reference-relations

• /api/clinical-trials

• /api/clinical-trials-substances

Format of the request

All endpoints have these parameters in common:

• changed-from - a parameter to return only the entities that have been modified on a given date or later.

• continue-after-id - a parameter to return only the entities that have a larger ID than specified in the parameter.

• limit - a parameter to return only the number of records specified (up to 1000). The preset number is 100.

Request example:

/api/references?changed-from=2020-01-01&continue-after-id=1&limit=100

Format of the response

The response format is the same for all endpoints.

• number_of_remaining_ids - the number of remaining entities that meet the specified criteria but are not displayed on the page. An integer of virtually unlimited size.

• entities - an array of entity details in JSON format.

Response example:

{

"number_of_remaining_ids" : 100,

"entities" : [

{

"id": 3,

"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32147628",

"title": "Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).",

"impact_factor": "Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).",

"tested_on_species": "in silico",

"publication_date": "2020-22-02",

"created_at": "2020-30-03",

"updated_at": "2020-31-03",

"deleted_at": null

},

{

"id": 4,

"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32157862",

"title": "CT Manifestations of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report",

"impact_factor": "CT Manifestations of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report",

"tested_on_species": "Patient",

"publication_date": "2020-06-03",

"created_at": "2020-30-03",

"updated_at": "2020-30-03",

"deleted_at": null

},

]

}

Endpoint details

Substances

URL: /api/substances

Substances

Introduction While it is established that vaccination reduces risk of hospitalization, there is conflicting data on whether it improves outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This study evaluated clinical outcomes and antibody (Ab) responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection/vaccines in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and various comorbidities. Methods In this single-center study, 152 adult patients were admitted to Ohio State University hospital with ARF (05/2020 – 11/2022) including 112 COVID-19-positive and 40 COVID-19-negative patients. Of the COVID-19 positive patients, 23 were vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 (Vax), and 89 were not (NVax). Of the NVax COVID-19 patients, 46 were admitted before and 43 after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were approved. SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels were measured/analyzed based on various demographic and clinical parameters of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, total IgG4 Ab concentrations were compared between the Vax and NVax patients. Results While mortality rates were 36% (n=25) and 27% (n=15) for non-COVID-19 NVax and Vax patients, respectively, in COVID-19 patients mortality rates were 37% (NVax, n=89) and 70% (Vax, n=23). Among COVID-19 patients, mortality rate was significantly higher among Vax vs. NVax patients (p=0.002). The Charlson’s Comorbidity Index score (CCI) was also significantly higher among Vax vs. NVax COVID-19 patients. However, the mortality risk remained significantly higher (p=0.02) when we compared COVID-19 Vax vs. NVax patients with similar CCI score, suggesting that additional factors may increase risk of mortality. Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 Abs were noted among survivors, suggestive of their protective role. We observed a trend for increased total IgG4 Ab, which promotes immune tolerance, in the Vax vs. NVax patients in week 3. Conclusion Although our cohort size is small, our results suggest that vaccination status of hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients may not be instructive in determining mortality risk. This may reflect that within the general population, those individuals at highest risk for COVID-19 mortality/immune failure are likely to be vaccinated. Importantly, the value of vaccination may be in preventing hospitalization as opposed to stratifying outcome among hospitalized patients, although our data do not address this possibility. Additional research to identify factors predictive of aberrant immunogenic responses to vaccination is warranted.

In December 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was first approved in the Western world. However, the effectiveness of national vaccination plans depends on the willingness of the population to get vaccinated. Previous research on vaccine hesitancy has shown various factors that influence the decision to vaccinate such as gender, age, education, socioeconomic status, profession, experience with vaccinations, experience with the disease, and trust in experts. For better understanding of attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination a cross-sectional survey was conducted of the Slovenian population. 12,042 individuals responded to the online survey. Ordinal regression analysis was used with mediation to study the interaction of different factors that impact the intent to vaccinate. In addition, textual analysis was run on open-ended question response data to get a better insight into the motivations behind the answers. The data was weighted by Valicon, who used the questions on his JazVem panel.

Impact of demographic factors on vaccine hesitancy, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) risk perceptions, social distancing, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, online survey panel, US, March 2020.

The COMMUNITY pandemic surveillance cohort is a longitudinal cohort study including 2149 healthcare workers and 118 COVID-19 patients. Dataset includes: 1. Serological data at baseline April-May 2020 and at follow-up every four month (ongoing). 2. Data on memory T cell responses 3. Register data from Swedish vaccination register (VAL Vaccinera) and national communicable diseases register SmiNet (Public Health Agency of Sweden). 3. Self-reported symptoms compatible with COVID-19 since 1 January 2020, occupation, work location and exposure to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 prior to blood sampling (healthcare workers). 3. Clinical data including co-morbidities, disease severity, on-going medications, demography (COVID-19 patients).

Abstract The COMMUNITY pandemic surveillance cohort was initiated in April 2020 and comprises 2149 healthcare workers and 118 COVID-19 patients. Blood samples are collected every four months. Serological and cellular immune responses are continuously mapped to demography, vaccination(s) and prior infection. qPCR screening programs, including viral sequencing and culturing, are conducted during time points with high viral transmission and in response to the threat of emerging variants of concern (VOC). The COMMUNITY pandemic surveillance cohort is conducted through close collaborations within the SciLifeLab community, the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Armed Forces.

Publications Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on vaccine-induced immune responses over time. Havervall S, Marking U, Greilert-Norin N et al. Clinical & Translational Immunology 2022;11(4):e1388. https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1388 Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses Up to Six Months Following Homologous or Heterologous Primary Immunization with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccines. Marking U, Havervall S, Greilert-Norin N, et al. Vaccines 2022;10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10030359 A cell-free high throughput assay for assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Mravinacova S, Jönsson M, Christ W, Klingström J . et al. New biotechnology 2022;66():46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2021.10.002 Long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific and cross-reactive cellular immune responses correlate with humoral responses, disease severity, and symptomatology. Laurén I, Havervall S, Ng H, Lord M, Pettke A, Greilert-Norin et al. Immunity, inflammation and disease 2022;10(4):e595. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.595 Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome: Comment from von Meijenfeldt et al. Von Meijenfeldt Fa, Havervall S, Adelmeijer J, Thalin C, Lisman T JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS 2022;20(1):267-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15580 Robust humoral and cellular immune responses and low risk for reinfection at least 8 months following asymptomatic to mild COVID-19. Havervall S, Ng H, Falk Aj, Greilert-Norin et al. JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022;291(1):72-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13387 SARS-CoV-2 induces a durable and antigen specific humoral immunity after asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 infection. Havervall S, Jernbom Falk A, Klingström J et al.. PloS one 2022;17(1):e0262169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262169 A Model Predicting Mortality of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients Four Days After Admission: Development, Internal and Temporal-External Validation. Heber S, Pereyra D, Schrottmaier Wc et al.Assinger A Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2021;11():795026. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.795026 An evaluation of a FluoroSpot assay as a diagnostic tool to determine SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses. Mangsbo Sm, Havervall S, Laurén I et al. PloS one. 2021;16(9):e0258041. https/doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258041 Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Havervall S, Marking U, Greilert-Norin N, Ng H, Gordon M, Salomonsson Ac, Hellström C, Pin E, Blom K, Mangsbo S, Phillipson M, Klingström J, Hober S, Nilsson P, Åberg M, Thålin C. EBioMedicine 2021;70():103523. htttps//doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103523 Circulating Markers of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are of Prognostic Value in Patients With COVID-19. Ng H, Havervall S, Rosell A, Aguilera K, Parv K, Von Meijenfeldt Fa, Lisman T, Mackman N, Thålin C, Phillipson M. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2021;41(2):988-994. https/doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315267 COVID-19 is Associated with an Acquired Factor XIII Deficiency. Von Meijenfeldt Fa, Havervall S, Adelmeijer J, Lundström A, Magnusson M, Mackman N, Thalin C, Lisman T. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2021;121(12):1668-1669. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/a-1450-8414 Elevated factor V activity and antigen levels in patients with Covid-19 are related to disease severity and 30-day mortality. Von Meijenfeldt Fa, Havervall S, Adelmeijer J, Lundström A, et al. American Journal of Hematology 2021;96(4):E98-E100. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.26085 Patients With COVID-19 Have Elevated Levels of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity That Is Associated With Severity and Mortality-Brief Report Rosell A, Havervall S, Von Meijenfeldt F, et al. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2021;41(2):878-882 . https://doi.org/10.1002/rth2.12462 Prothrombotic changes in patients with COVID-19 are associated with disease severity and mortality Von Meijenfeldt Fa, Havervall S, Adelmeijer J et al. Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis 2021;5(1):132-141 Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is transiently elevated in COVID-19 and correlates with specific inflammatory and endothelial markers Lundström A, Ziegler L, Havervall S. et al. Journal of Medical Virology 2021;93(10):5908-5916 Sustained prothrombotic changes in COVID-19 patients 4 months after hospital discharge. Von Meijenfeldt Fa, Havervall S, Adelmeijer J, et al. Blood Advances 2021;5(3):756-759. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003968 Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers Havervall et al. JAMA 2021;325(19):2015-2016. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.5612 Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay. Hober S, Hellstrom C, Olofsson J et al. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY 2021;10(7):e1312.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1312 SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms and seroprevalence in healthcare workers in Sweden. Rudberg As, Havervall S, Månberg A, Jernbom Falk A, et al. C. Nature Communications 2020;11(1):5064 https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18848-0

The Tozinameran market, encompassing the development, manufacturing, and distribution of this mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine, experienced significant growth during its initial launch phase (2020-2024). While precise market size figures for the historical period aren't provided, it's reasonable to estimate a substantial market value, given the global urgency for COVID-19 vaccines and the prominent role Tozinameran played. Factors driving this initial surge included the pandemic's severity, regulatory approvals, and widespread public health initiatives. The market's subsequent trajectory reflects a shift from emergency deployment to a more normalized, albeit sustained, demand. While the initial explosive growth has subsided, the market remains significant, driven by ongoing booster programs, variant-specific formulations, and evolving vaccination strategies in various regions. Competitive pressures from other COVID-19 vaccines and varying global vaccination rates impact the overall market size and growth rate. Companies like Pfizer-BioNTech, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Fosun Pharma play key roles in manufacturing and distribution, contributing to the market's dynamism. The forecast period (2025-2033) will likely witness a continued, albeit moderated, expansion. This is predicated on factors such as the enduring need for protection against future COVID-19 outbreaks, the potential for Tozinameran to adapt to emerging variants, and strategic partnerships facilitating global access. However, restraining factors, such as vaccine hesitancy in certain populations, the emergence of novel treatments, and the economic impact of sustained vaccination programs, could influence the rate of growth. Market segmentation based on factors such as dosage form, route of administration, and geographical distribution will continue to be relevant for understanding market dynamics. The long-term outlook for Tozinameran will depend largely on its adaptability to evolving viral strains and its continued integration into global pandemic preparedness strategies.

Snapshot img

The Therapeutic Vaccines Market study is a comprehensive report with in-depth qualitative and quantitative research evaluating the current scenario and analyzing the growth of USD 3.78 billion and CAGR of 43% by segment Type and Geography during the forecast period 2019 to 2024

Furthermore, this report extensively covers the smart home appliances market segmentation by type (cancer vaccines, infectious diseases vaccines, Neurological diseases vaccines, autoimmune diseases vaccines, and other diseases vaccines) and geography (North America, Europe, Asia, and ROW). The market report also offers information on several market vendors, includingAdvantagene Inc., Aimmune Therapeutics Inc., Amgen Inc., Gilead Sciences Inc., Immune Response BioPharma Inc., Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Merck & Co. Inc., Novartis AG, Sanpower Group Co. Ltd., and SOTIO AS.

Download the Report Sample to Unlock the Smart Room Heater Market Size for the Forecast Period and Other Important Statistics

Parent Market Analysis

Technavio categorizes the Therapeutic Vaccines Market as a part of the Health Care industry within the Pharmaceuticals industry. Our Technavio research report has extensively covered external factors influencing the parent market growth potential in the coming years, which will determine the levels of growth of the forecast year.

Therapeutic Vaccines Market: Key Drivers, Trends, and Challenges

Our research analysts have studied the historical data and deduced the key market drivers and the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the therapeutic vaccines industry. The holistic analysis of the drivers will help deduce end goals and refine marketing strategies to gain a competitive edge.

Key Therapeutic Vaccines Market Driver

One of the key factors driving growth in the market is the rising incidence and prevalence of diseases. The increasing incidence of several diseases such as HIV, human papillomavirus, cancer, and chronic diseases is driving the market growth. For instance, according to the CDC, 1.1 million people aged 13 years and above were diagnosed to have HIV infection in the US in 2015. Similarly, in Asian countries like India in 2017, 0.20% of the population had HIV. In Japan, in 2017, 0.10% of the population was affected by HIV. In China, 664,751 people were diagnosed to have HIV in 2016, and 124,555 new HIV infection cases were reported. Furthermore, cancer is the second-leading cause of death worldwide. According to Our World in Data, in 2016, 8.9 million people were estimated to have died from cancer. In addition, as per the NIH, in 2017, 15,270 children and adolescents aged 0-19 years were diagnosed with cancer. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the US, and around 609,640 patients died from the disease. Furthermore, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has increased worldwide. Various therapeutic vaccines are used for the treatment of these diseases. Therefore, the increase in the prevalence of cancer and other diseases will drive market growth during the forecast period.

Key Therapeutic Vaccines Market Challenge

The high cost of developing therapeutic vaccines will be a major challenge for the market during the forecast period. Vaccines are a potential tool to prevent and cure severe diseases. The development of vaccines to treat diseases requires significant investments, which is a challenge to the growth of the market. The cost of developing a single vaccine, from pre-clinical trials to the end of Phase IIa, can range between USD 31 million and USD 68 million, assuming no risk of failure. The development of a new vaccine candidate is estimated to cost more than USD 500 million, with further expenses required to establish facilities and equipment, which can range between USD 50 million and USD 700 million. The cost of a successful candidate could range between USD 319 million and USD 469 million. Some costs associated with vaccine development cannot be neglected to ensure adherence to the required safety standards. The US FDA approved the first therapeutic vaccine in April 2010. PROVENGE (sipuleucel-T) by Dendreon Corp. (Dendreon), a subsidiary of Sanpower Group, showed that it could extend life for about four months in men with a certain type of metastatic prostate cancer. However, the cost of PROVENGE treatment is USD 93,000 in the US. Therefore, the high cost of developing therapeutic vaccines may pose a challenge to the growth of the market.

Therapeutic Vaccines Market Value Chain Analysis

Our report provides extensive information on the value chain analysis for the therapeutic vaccines market, which vendors can leverage to gain a competitive advantage during the forecast period. The end-to-end understanding of the value chain is essential in profit margin optimization and evaluation of busine

In the United States, influenza vaccination rates differ greatly by age. For example, during the 2023-2024 flu season, around ** percent of those aged 65 years and older received an influenza vaccination, compared to just ** percent of those aged 18 to 49 years. The CDC recommends that everyone six months and older in the United States should get vaccinated against influenza every year, with a few exceptions. Although influenza is mild for most people, it can lead to hospitalization and even death, especially among the young, the old, and those with certain preexisting conditions. The impact of flu vaccinations Flu vaccinations are safe and effective, preventing thousands of illnesses, medical visits, and deaths every year. However, the effectiveness of flu vaccines varies each year depending on what flu viruses are circulating that season and the age and health status of the person receiving the vaccination. During the 2023-2024 flu season, it was estimated that influenza vaccination prevented almost 64********* hospitalizations among those aged 65 years and older. In addition, flu vaccinations prevented ***** deaths among those aged 65 years and older, as well as *** deaths among children aged six months to four years. The burden of influenza The impact of influenza is different from season to season. However, during the 2023-2024 flu season, there were around ** million cases of influenza in the United States. Furthermore, there were around ****** deaths due to influenza, an increase from the previous year but significantly fewer than in ********** when influenza contributed to ****** deaths. Most of these deaths are among the elderly. In ********* the death rate due to influenza among those aged 65 years and older was around **** per 100,000 population. In comparison, those aged 18 to 49 had an influenza death rate of just *** per 100,000 population.

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, The Global Pertussis Vaccine market was valued at USD 5.06 Billion in 2022 and will reach USD 7.35 Billion by 2030, registering a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 5.47% for the forecast period 2023-2030. The Driving Factor of the Pertussis Vaccine Market

Increasing prevalence of pertussis

Rising prevalence of pertussis globally is expected to drive the market growth over the forecasted period. As per the WHO, over 151,000 pertussis cases were reported worldwide in 2018 and 86% of the worldwide target population received the recommended three doses of the DTP-containing vaccination during infancy as of 2018. Thus, the rising number of pertussis infections across the globe is propelling the growth of the pertussis vaccine market.

The increase in strategic activities by key market players

In order to introduce new goods, major market players are using strategies including partnerships and collaborations; this is anticipated to propel the pertussis vaccine market throughout the course of the projected year. For instance, in June 2021, the French multinational pharmaceutical and healthcare firm Sanofi announced a partnership with the American multinational pharmaceutical business Merck & Co., Inc. to produce vaccines for diseases including Tetanus and diphtheria.

The Restraining Factor of Pertussis Vaccine Market

High cost associated with vaccine developments

The high cost of vaccine development and inadequate access to vaccines in developing countries is the main factor hampering the market growth. For instance, as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in July 2023, the cost of Quadracel, a DTaP-IPV vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, a vaccines division of the French multinational pharmaceutical company Sanofi, is US$ 61.12 for a single vial. Additionally, new markets provide the captivating potential for the major industry participants in the pertussis vaccine market.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Pertussis Vaccine Market:

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 virus pandemic has spread to more than 100 nations, and on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization proclaimed it to be a public health emergency.

COVID-19 has influenced the economy in three key ways which caused a direct impact on medication, vaccine demand and production, interruptions in the distribution channel, and financial impact on businesses and financial markets. In various nations, including China, India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and others, the transit of medicines and vaccinations from one location to another was challenging due to countrywide lockdowns. Quarantine, travel restrictions and social distancing policies are anticipated to cause a sharp fall in consumer and company expenditure. Additionally, hospitalization delays occurred as fewer patients visited the hospital, which was anticipated to have an impact on the worldwide market for pertussis vaccine. Introduction of Pertussis Vaccine Market

Pertussis is a respiratory disease, usually known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The major way that pertussis transmits from one person to another is by coughing or sneezing droplets. Infants are especially vulnerable to the disease and it is a major cause of illness and mortality in this age range. Whooping cough is typically treated with the pertussis vaccine. The pertussis vaccine encompasses two main types: whole-cell vaccines and acellular vaccines. This vaccination is only accessible when combined with other immunizations. The Pertussis Vaccine is the most reliable and economical means of maintaining a pertussis-free environment. The World Health Organization has included the tetanus vaccine on the list of essential medicines because it has helped reduce the prevalence of tetanus in the US by 95% since it was first introduced in 1924.

As per Cognitive Market Research's latest published report, the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine market size was USD 8.90 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach USD 11.27 Billion. Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 3.2% from 2023 to 2030. Factor Driving the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The increasing partnership of manufacturers is driving the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The rising partnership between the manufacturers and numerous governments countries is projected to drive the growth of the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market. The manufacturers are investing in new projects, and focusing on diseases not having vaccines for different age groups, for the people affected in the underdeveloped or developing countries. This helps the companies like GlaxoSmithKline plc., to sustain their position in the vaccine business in the forecast period. For instance, the data by UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) over 80% of the countries eligible to access PCV using the Advance market commitment (AMC) have introduced the vaccine into their national immunization programs.

In addition, the increasing prevalence of pneumonia globally is one of the major aspects driving the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market growth. The demand rising for medications for the treatment of illnesses related to diseases like breathing issues, and the economic help of the researchers for the advancements in novel interventions or treatments related to the market growth. The increasing awareness of novel pneumococcal vaccines and rising investments of government and rising awareness of healthcare for the successful treatment of the disease fuel the market growth.

Restraining Factors of Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The increasing cost of vaccines is hampering the Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The increasing cost of numerous pneumococcal vaccines, particularly PCV13 is the source of various investing agencies and the players in the public and private sector is hampering the market growth. In 2013-2014, the US government purchased the PCV13 vaccine from Pfizer for around US$ 284.5 for a single child's inoculation. Furthermore, in other countries such as India, PCV13 and PCV10 are priced in the private market at roughly US$ 59/dose and US$ 28/dose, respectively, with three doses required for full vaccination (as reported by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), a humanitarian organization). Pfizer's Prevenar13 pneumococcal vaccination received a patent extension from the Indian Patent Office in August 2017.

Impact of COVID-19 on Global Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

The outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the virus has spread all over the globe and WHO declared the world health emergency in January 2020. According to the most recent set of full worldwide kid immunization records, which are the first official figures to incorporate global service disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of countries reported a fall in childhood vaccination rates in 2020. Additionally, according to a Public Health England report published in the first wave of COVID-19 PHE conducted an online survey to find out the parent’s experience with the routine vaccinations of children. Introduction of Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Market

Pneumococcal is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumococcal which causes many types of illness, this disease leads to dangerous infections. Pneumococcal diseases are caused by the spread of direct contact with mucus or saliva and airborne droplets. People of any age and having specific medical problems are at high risk to get affected by types of pneumococcal diseases. Some of the diseases are considered invasive, Invasive pneumococcal diseases are a group of illnesses caused by pneumococcus bacteria. Pneumococcal pneumonia can be also caused by at least being at a 65-year age or a person is affected by chronic diseases. Risk factors of pneumococcal pneumonia are Diabetes, Asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Suppressed immune system, Smoking, and Alcoholism. The Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23) protects against 23 types of bacteria that cause bacterial pneumococcal disease. The us...

IntroductionAlthough Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical to control its spread, vaccine hesitancy varies significantly among the United States population; moreover, some vaccine recipients experienced various adverse effects. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a university-affiliated community, the factors affecting participants’ decisions, and their adverse effects.MethodsA pre-vaccination online Institutional Review Board IRB-approved survey was emailed in Nov/Dec 2020, 2 months before the implementation of state-policy protocols for COVID-19 vaccination. A post-vaccination survey was emailed in May/June 2021, two months after protocol execution. A third follow-up survey was sent in Nov/Dec 2021, and a fourth was sent in June/July 2022. The study population included three groups of adult participants: university students, faculty, and staff-(MS), university health system patients-(MP), and Cancer Center patients-(MCP). The study was designed as a longitudinal cohort study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.ResultsWith a combined response rate of 26% (40,578/157,292) among the four surveys, 15,361 participants completed the first survey (MS = 4,983, MP = 9,551, and MCP = 827). 2/3 of participants (63.5%) were willing to get vaccinated, with a significant difference in acceptance among groups, MS:56.6%, MP:66.2%, and MCP:71.6% (p 

BackgroundCOVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on racial and ethnic minorities compared to White people. Studies have not sufficiently examined how sex and age interact with race/ethnicity, and potentially shape COVID-19 outcomes. We sought to examine disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race, sex and age over time, leveraging data from Michigan, the only state whose Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS) publishes cross-sectional race, sex and age data on COVID-19.MethodsThis is an observational study using publicly available COVID-19 data (weekly cases, deaths, and vaccinations) from August 31 2020 to June 9 2021. Outcomes for descriptive analysis were age-standardized COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates, case-fatality rates by race, sex, and age, and within-gender and within-race incidence rate ratios and mortality rate ratios. We used descriptive statistics and linear regressions with age, race, and sex as independent variables.ResultsThe within-sex Black-White racial gap in COVID-19 incidence and mortality decreased at a similar rate among men and women but the remained wider among men. As of June 2021, compared to White people, incidence was lower among Asian American and Pacific Islander people by 2644 cases per 100,000 people and higher among Black people by 1464 cases per 100,000 people. Mortality was higher among those aged 60 or greater by 743.6 deaths per 100,000 people vs those 0–39. The interaction between race and age was significant between Black race and age 60 or greater, with an additional 708.5 deaths per 100,000 people vs White people aged 60 or greater. Black people had a higher case fatality rate than White people.ConclusionCOVID-19 incidence, mortality and vaccination patterns varied over time by race, age and sex. Black-White disparities decreased over time, with a larger effect on Black men, and Older Black people were particularly more vulnerable to COVID-19 in terms of mortality. Considering different individual characteristics such as age may further help elucidate the mechanisms behind racial and gender health disparities.

Decembra 2020 je bilo cepivo proti SARS-CoV-2 prvič odobreno v zahodnem svetu. Vendar je učinkovitost nacionalnih načrtov cepljenja odvisna od pripravljenosti prebivalstva, da se cepi. Prejšnje raziskave o obotavljanju s cepljenjem so pokazale različne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev o cepljenju, kot so spol, starost, izobrazba, socialno-ekonomski status, poklic, izkušnje s cepljenjem, izkušnje z boleznijo in zaupanje v strokovnjake. Za boljše razumevanje odnosa do cepljenja proti COVID-19 je bila izvedena presečna raziskava slovenskega prebivalstva. Na spletno anketo je odgovorilo 12.042 posameznikov. Z ordinalno regresijsko analizo in analizo mediacije je bilo preučeno medsebojno vplivanje različnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na namero cepljenja. Z besedilno analizo odgovorov na odprta vprašanja je bil pridobljen boljši vpogled v motivacijo za odgovore. Podatke je utežil Valicon, ki je vzporedno uporabil vprašanja na svojem panelu JazVem. In December 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was first approved in the Western world. However, the effectiveness of national vaccination plans depends on the willingness of the population to get vaccinated. Previous research on vaccine hesitancy has shown various factors that influence the decision to vaccinate such as gender, age, education, socioeconomic status, profession, experience with vaccinations, experience with the disease, and trust in experts. For better understanding of attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination a cross-sectional survey was conducted of the Slovenian population. 12,042 individuals responded to the online survey. Ordinal regression analysis was used with mediation to study the interaction of different factors that impact the intent to vaccinate. In addition, textual analysis was run on open-ended question response data to get a better insight into the motivations behind the answers. The data was weighted by Valicon, who used the questions on his JazVem panel. Neverjetnostno: priložnostnoNonprobability.Availability Neverjetnostno: s pomočjo respondentovNonprobability.RespondentAssisted

Pandemic “wave” usually refers to the rise and fall of the infections with time, however, for a large country, the variations due to geographical location could be considerable. In this work, we investigated COVID-19 infection and fatality across the U.S. during the pandemic waves in the pre-vaccination period (January 2020–December 2020). Focusing on counties with a population ≥100,000, the data from the entire period were first segmented into two equal phases roughly corresponding to the first pandemic wave and subsequent surge, and each phase was further divided into two zones based on infection rate. We studied the potential influences of six sociodemographic variables (population density, age, poverty, education, and percentage of Hispanic and African American population) and four air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3) on the differences in infection and fatality observed among different phases and zones. We noticed a distinct difference in the overall impact of COVID-19 between the two phases of the pre-vaccination period with a substantial decrease in the fatality in the second phase despite an increase in the infection. Analysis using log-linear regression modeling further revealed a shift in the impact of several risk factors considered in this study. For example, population density and lesser education were found to be significant for infection during the first phase of the pandemic alone. Furthermore, population density and lesser education along with poverty and NO2 level had a significant contribution to fatality during the first phase of the pandemic, while age over 65 years was important in both phases. Interestingly, the effects of many of these factors were found to be significant only in the zones with higher infection rates. Our findings indicate that the impacts of several well-known sociodemographic and environmental risk factors for COVID-19 are not constant throughout the course of the pandemic, and therefore, careful considerations should be made about their role when developing preventative and mitigative measures.

Snapshot img

The rabies treatment market size has the potential to grow by USD 1.06 billion during 2020-2024, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 4.67%.

This report provides a detailed analysis of the market by product (vaccines and RIG), application (pre-exposure vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis), route of administration (intradermal route of administration, intramuscular route of administration, and oral route of administration), geography (Asia, Europe, North America, and ROW), and key vendors.

Market Overview

Browse TOC and LoE with selected illustrations and example pages of Rabies Treatment Market

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Market Competitive Analysis

The report analyzes the market’s competitive landscape and offers information on several market vendors, including:

Bavarian Nordic AS
Bharat Biotech Ltd.
Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
Elanco Animal Health Inc.
Grifols SA
Kedrion Spa
Merck & Co. Inc.
Sanofi
Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.
Zoetis Inc.

The rabies treatment market is concentrated and the vendors are deploying organic growth strategies to compete in the market. Click here to uncover other successful business strategies deployed by the vendors.

The market players also significantly leverage external market drivers such as the need for contamination-free vaccines with novel culture media to achieve growth opportunities. However, factors such as wide host range and geographical presence will challenge the growth of the market participants. To make the most of the opportunities and recover from post COVID19 impact, market vendors should focus more on the growth prospects in the fast-growing segments, while maintaining their positions in the slow-growing segments.

Download a free sample of the rabies treatment market forecast report for insights on complete key vendor profiles. The profiles include information on the production, sustainability, and prospects of the leading companies,

This rabies treatment market analysis report also provides detailed information on the upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This will help companies create strategies to make the most of future growth opportunities. Grab your Free Sample now to unlock further information on other key market drivers

Rabies Treatment Market: Segmentation by Geography

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45% of the market’s growth will originate from Asia during the forecast period. China and Japan are the key markets for rabies treatment in Asia. Market growth in this region will be faster than the growth of the market in other regions.

The increasing awareness about the vaccinations of dogs is one of the prime factors that will facilitate the rabies treatment market growth in Asia over the forecast period. To garner further competitive intelligence and regional opportunities in store for vendors, view our sample report.

Rabies Treatment Market: Segmentation by Product

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The dominance of the vaccines segment is due to the established adoption of CCVs among end-users owing to its benefits such as high immunogenicity and fewer side-effects. Hence the vaccines market segment will exhibit faster growth rate than RIG during the forecast period.

This report provides an accurate prediction of the contribution of all the segments to the growth of the rabies treatment market size. Fetch actionable market insights on post COVID-19 impact on each segment.

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Rabies Treatment Market: Key Highlights of the Report for 2020-2024

CAGR of the market during the forecast period 2020-2024
Detailed information on factors that will drive rabies treatment market growth during the next five years
Precise estimation of the rabies treatment market size and its contribution to the parent market
Accurate predictions on upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior
The growth of the rabies treatment industry across Asia, Europe, North America, and ROW
A thorough analysis of the market’s competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors
Comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of rabies treatment market vendors

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    Rabies Treatment Market Scope




    Report Coverage


    Details




    Page number


    120




    Base year


    2019




    Forecast period


    2020-2024




    Growth momentum & CAGR


    Accelerate at a CAGR of 5%




    Market growth 2020-2024


    $ 1.06 billion




    Market structure


    Concentrated




    Y

The Meningococcal Vaccines market size is valued at US$ 5.2 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach US$ 13.1 billion till 2030 with a CAGR of 11.4% during forecast period. Factors Affecting Meningococcal Vaccines Market Growth

Growing Incidence of Meningitis:

The global market for meningitis vaccines is expected to expand as a result of an increase in the prevalence of meningitis and the need for meningitis vaccinations. For instance, according to data from the academic publishing organization Elsevier Inc., based in the Netherlands, more than 25 million cases and 236,000 deaths due to meningitis were reported worldwide in 2019. Meningitis is caused by certain bacteria, viruses and fungi, and parasites, and it can be transmitted from person to person. Therefore, the prevalence of meningitis is increasing, due to which the meningococcal vaccine demand is increasing.

Increasing Government Initiative:

The global meningitis vaccine market is anticipated to increase over the projected period as a result of increasing measures taken by regulatory bodies and national governments to tackle the increasing occurrence of meningitis. For instance, the world health organization and its partners introduced the first-ever worldwide strategy to eradicate meningitis by 2030 in September 2021. The policy aims to eradicate bacterial meningitis epidemics, reduce deaths by 70%, and cut the number of cases by half by 2030.

The Restraining Factor of Meningococcal Vaccines:

High Cost of Vaccination

The high cost of meningitis vaccinations is the main factor that will probably hinder the growth of the worldwide market for meningitis vaccines. For instance, experts from Johns Hopkins University determined that it would not be cost-effective to require meningitis B vaccination for all college students in 2018. The universal vaccination against meningitis B or meningococcal disease serogroup B, for college-aged students, would only be advantageous if the vaccine cost less than US$ 65, according to research. It cost an average of US$ 324.

Opportunities on Meningococcal Vaccines:

Growing Research & Development:

The development of the market is estimated to be fuelled by the numerous vaccines and phase 1 vaccination research projects that are expected to become commercially available during the forecast period. To compare the safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of pentavalent meningococcal vaccine candidate PF-06886992 with licensed meningococcal vaccines in adolescents and young adults, Pfizer, began phase 1 clinical studies of the drug in June 2020. Furthermore, a phase 2 clinical trial for the conjugate vaccine Menactra, produced by Serum Institute of India, is now underway as a result, the market is expanding owing to all these trials.

Growing Government Initiative: 

During the projected period, expanding activities by the government and other regulatory bodies are anticipated to fuel the market. For instance, the first-ever worldwide strategy to combat meningitis, a worldwide roadmap to eradicate meningitis by 2030, was introduced by WHO and its partners in September 2021. The major goal is to end bacterial meningitis epidemics, cut mortality by 70% and eliminate new cases by 2030.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Meningococcal Vaccines Market:

The covid-19 has had a negative impact on the market. Due to a decline in meningitis vaccination rates, the Covid pandemic had a detrimental economic effect on the world market for meningitis vaccinations. For instance, Elsevier BV, a Dutch academic publishing house with a focus on scientific, technical, and medical material reported in an article published eleven states of Brazil. The covid-19 pandemic consequently had a negative effect on the number of meningitis vaccination doses delivered. Consequently, the covid-19 had a detrimental economic effect on the market for meningitis vaccines because of drop-in immunization rates. Introduction of Meningococcal Vaccines

Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium, is the source of the uncommon, severe condition known as meningococcal disease. It can result in blood infection as well as meningitis, an infection of the brain and spinal cord. Any vaccination used to stop Neisseria meningitides infection is referred to as a meningococcal vaccine, the following meningococcal strains: A, B, C, W-135, and Y. Different versions are effective again...

By 2022, Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product is forecast to increase by 4.7 percent. According to the source’s estimates, the country recorded economic growth of five percent in 2021, recovering from a 0.3 percent contraction in 2020, as an effect of the coronavirus pandemic. The rebound has been attributed to household income and job growth, as well as to the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Roughly 30 percent of the adult population has been fully vaccinated against the disease in Kenya so far.

Recovery through key sectors

The strongest impact of the coronavirus crisis on the Kenyan economy was felt in the second quarter of 2020. By then, the country’s GDP decreased by 5.5 percent, the first negative growth in recent years. As of the third quarter of 2021, Kenya already registered an improved economic performance, with the quarterly GDP growth rate measured at 9.9 percent. The educational sector pushed the result, with an expansion of 65 percent. Mining and quarrying, and accommodation and food services followed, each with a 25 percent growth rate.

An optimistic economic forecast in East Africa

East Africa's economic growth might reach nearly five percent in 2022, according to estimates. This would represent a strong recovery from 2020, when the region’s economy expanded by only 0.4 percent, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Cumulatively, more than 1.34 million people in East Africa have been infected by the disease. Although most of the countries in the region have already launched a vaccination campaign, the number of vaccine doses administered per 100 people is still low.