Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. It is a collaboration among more than 50 scholars worldwide which is co-hosted by the Department of Political Science at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and the Kellogg Institute at the University of Notre Dame, USA. With four Principal Investigators, two Program managers, fifteen Project Managers, more than thirty Regional Managers, almost 200 Country Coordinators, and approximately 2,800 Country Experts, the V-Dem project is one of the largest social science data collection projects focusing on research. V-Dem collects data for 350+ indicators across a wide range of democracy aspects. Electoral democracy is in the centre and linked to this concept we find six additional dimensions of democracy: liberal, majoritarian, deliberative, participatory, consensual and egalitarian. In addition to a number of main indices, data is broken down into a number of components that are available to the user along with all indicators. Through the unique character of the database, old and new questions about the nature, growth and survival of democracy can be tested in a way not possible before. Data is available for 177 countries from 1900 to 2016. Altogether, the database consists of approximately 17 million data points. The database is updated annually and new datasets are launched every year in the spring. The dataset is available for download here: https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-7-1/ The data can also be explored online via: https://www.v-dem.net/en/analysis/ Purpose: The world's largest database on democracy. The database provides 350+ indicators for 177 countries 1900-2016. Varianter på Demokrati (V-Dem) är en ny approach till konceptualisering och mätning av demokrati. Projektet drivs av V-Dem Institutet vid Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Göteborgs Universitet tillsammans med Kellogg Institutet vid Notre Dame University i USA. V-Dems nätverk sträcker sig över hela världen och involverar ett stort antal forskare. Med fyra Principal Investigators, två projektledare, femton nyckelforskare, mer än 30 Regional Managers, 200 Country Coordinators, samt 2800 Country Experts så är V-Dem ett av de största samhällsvetenskapliga forskningsprojekten någonsin. V-Dem samlar in data för 350+ indikatorer över ett brett spektra av aspekter av demokrati. I centrum finns electoral demokrati, och knutet till detta koncept finner vi sex ytterligare dimensioner av demokrati: liberal, majoritarian, deliberative, participatory, consensual och egalitarian. Utöver ett antal huvudindex så bryts data ner i ett antal komponenter som finns tillgängliga för användaren tillsammans med samtliga indikatorer. Genom databasens unika karaktär kommer gamla och nya frågeställningar om demokratins natur, framväxt och överlevnad att kunna prövas på ett sätt som aldrig tidigare varit möjligt. Data finns tillgänglig för 177 länder från 1900-2016. Sammantaget så består databasen av ca 17 miljoner datapunkter. Databasen uppdateras årligen och nya dataset lanseras varje år under våren. Data kan laddas ner här: https://www.v-dem.net/en/data/data-version-7-1/ Datan kan även visualiseras online här: https://www.v-dem.net/en/analysis/ Syfte: Världens största databas på demokrati. Databasen tillhandahåller 350+ indikatorer for 173 länder för 117 år.

The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset, produced by the Varieties of Democracy Institute, is a multidimensional dataset that captures the complexity of democracy beyond elections. It defines democracy through five key principles: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian. V-Dem collects and disaggregates data to measure these principles, providing a comprehensive framework for analyzing democratic governance.

Data for Varieties of Democracy Project. Version 7 of these files.

Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. We provide a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond the simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles.

V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings.

V-Dem works closely with leading social science research methodologists and has developed a state of the art Bayesian Item Response Theory measurement model that, to the extent possible, minimizes coder error and addresses issues of comparability across countries and over time. V-Dem also draws on the team’s academic expertise to develop theoretically informed techniques for aggregating indicators into mid- and high-level indices. In this sense, V-Dem is at the cutting edge of developing new and improved methods of social science measurement.

Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. We provide a multidimensional and disaggregated dataset that reflects the complexity of the concept of democracy as a system of rule that goes beyond the simple presence of elections. The V-Dem project distinguishes between five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, and collects data to measure these principles. V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. V-Dem works closely with leading social science research methodologists and has developed a state of the art Bayesian Item Response Theory measurement model that, to the extent possible, minimizes coder error and addresses issues of comparability across countries and over time. V-Dem also draws on the team’s academic expertise to develop theoretically informed techniques for aggregating indicators into mid- and high-level indices. In this sense, V-Dem is at the cutting edge of developing new and improved methods of social science measurement. Varianter på demokrati (V-Dem) är ett internationellt forskningsprojekt vars syfte är att ta fram nya indikatorer på demokrati, i alla världens länder från år 1789 fram till idag. V-Dem erbjuder ett nytt sätt att konceptualisera och mäta demokrati, och särskiljer mellan fem demokratiprinciper: val-, liberal-, deltagar-, deliberativ- och jämlikhetsdemokrati, och samlar in data för att mäta dessa. V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings.V-Dem draws on theoretical and methodological expertise from its worldwide team to produce data in the most objective and reliable way possible. Approximately half of the indicators in the V-Dem dataset are based on factual information obtainable from offcial documents such as constitutions and government records. The other half consists of evaluative indicators on topics like political practices and compliance with de jure rules. On such issues, typically five experts provide ratings. OtherOther ÖvrigtÖvrigt Communications Media Computer Communicat... Computer Systems Computing Methodolo... Datametoder Datornät Datorsystem Government Information Science Information Sources Informationskällor Informationsvetenskap Internet Kommunikationsmedia POLITICS POLITIK Political Science Political Science e... Regering Samhällsvetenskap Social Media Social Sciences Sociala medier Statsvetenskap Statsvetenskap exkl... civil and political... communications corruption data democracy democratization demokrati demokratisering election data elections electoral issues gender equality heads of government heads of state human rights international law internationell rätt juridik jämställdhet kommunikation korruption lag och rätt lagstiftande försam... law law and justice legislature mass communication mass media mass media bias mass media coverage mass media use masskommunikation massmedia massmediabevakning medborgerliga och p... media literacy mediaanvändning mediavinkling mediekunskap mänskliga rättigheter naturvetenskaplig f... offentliga personer political change political groups political institutions political parties political systems political systems a... politicians politics politik politiker politisk förändring politiska grupper politiska instituti... politiska partier politiska system politiska system oc... public figures regeringschefer right to non discri... rights and privileges rätten till likabeh... rättigheter och pri... science and technology scientific research social inequality social ojämlikhet social stratification social stratifiering social structure social struktur sovereignty stat state statschefer suveränitet technology and inno... teknologi val valdata valproblem vetenskap och tekno...

Posterior files for Varieties of Democracy Project Version 11. See main item for codebook and dataset.

Data for Varieties of Democracy Project. Version 8 of these files. There is also a collection of posterior files for v.8. See related item.

THIS REPOSITORY CONTAINS ALL REPLICATION FILES (DATA AND ANALYSIS SCRIPTS) TO REPLICATE THE RESULTS AND FINDINGS PRESENTED IN THE ARTICLE "CONSPIRACY BELIEFS AND PERCEPTIONS OF ELECTORAL INTEGRITY: CROSS-NATIONAL EVIDENCE FROM 29 COUNTRIES" (PUBLISHED IN PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY). The data files in this repositiory contain merged data from (a) the European Social Survey (ESS) round 10, (b) the Varieties of Democracy (V-DEM) Project, (c) the World Bank, and (d) National Elections Across Democracy and Autocracy (NELDA) Project. Relevant documentation and codebooks for each of these data sources can be found at: (a) https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/data; (b) https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/; (c) https://databank.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD/1ff4a498/Popular-Indicators; (d) https://nelda.co/.

Although equality figures prominently in many foundational theories of democracy, liberal and electoral conceptions of democracy have dominated empirical political science research on topics like political regimes, democratization and democratic survival. This paper develops the concept of egalitarian democracy as a regime that provides de facto protection of rights and freedoms equally across the population, distributes resources in a way that enables meaningful political participation for all citizens and fosters an environment in which all individuals and social groups can influence political and governing processes. Using new indicators from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, the paper develops and presents measures of these important concepts, demonstrates their relationship to existing measures, and illustrates their utility for advancing the study of democracy in ways that more fully embrace the richness of democratic theory.

Data for Varieties of Democracy project. Version 2 of these files. This is an archive of all versions of V-Dem data and associated documentation: aggregated and disaggregated data, codebook, citation instructions, variable labels, etc. for the period from September 3, 2014 through January 18, 2015.

The Comparative Political Economy Database (CPEDB) began at the Centre for Learning, Social Economy and Work (CLSEW) at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto (OISE/UT) as part of the Changing Workplaces in a Knowledge Economy (CWKE) project. This data base was initially conceived and developed by Dr. Wally Seccombe (independent scholar) and Dr. D.W. Livingstone (Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto). Seccombe has conducted internationally recognized historical research on evolving family structures of the labouring classes (A Millennium of Family Change: Feudalism to Capitalism in Northwestern Europe and Weathering the Storm: Working Class Families from the Industrial Revolution to the Fertility Decline). Livingstone has conducted decades of empirical research on class and labour relations. A major part of this research has used the Canadian Class Structure survey done at the Institute of Political Economy (IPE) at Carleton University in 1982 as a template for Canadian national surveys in 1998, 2004, 2010 and 2016, culminating in Tipping Point for Advanced Capitalism: Class, Class Consciousness and Activism in the ‘Knowledge Economy’ (https://fernwoodpublishing.ca/book/tipping-point-for-advanced-capitalism) and a publicly accessible data base including all five of these Canadian surveys (https://borealisdata.ca/dataverse/CanadaWorkLearningSurveys1998-2016). Seccombe and Livingstone have collaborated on a number of research studies that recognize the need to take account of expanded modes of production and reproduction. Both Seccombe and Livingstone are Research Associates of CLSEW at OISE/UT. The CPEDB Main File (an SPSS data file) covers the following areas (in order): demography, family/household, class/labour, government, electoral democracy, inequality (economic, political & gender), health, environment, internet, macro-economic and financial variables. In its present form, it contains annual data on 725 variables from 12 countries (alphabetically listed): Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. A few of the variables date back to 1928, and the majority date from 1960 to 1990. Where these years are not covered in the source, a minority of variables begin with more recent years. All the variables end at the most recent available year (1999 to 2022). In the next version developed in 2025, the most recent years (2023 and 2024) will be added whenever they are present in the sources’ datasets. For researchers who are not using SPSS, refer to the Chart files for overviews, summaries and information on the dataset. For a current list of the variable names and their labels in the CPEDB data base, see the excel file: Outline of SPSS file Main CPEDB, Nov 6, 2023. At the end of each variable label in this file and the SPSS datafile, you will find the source of that variable in a bracket. If I have combined two variables from a given source, the bracket will begin with WS and then register the variables combined. In the 14 variables David created at the beginning of the Class Labour section, you will find DWL in these brackets with his description as to how it was derived. The CPEDB’s variables have been derived from many databases; the main ones are OECD (their Statistics and Family Databases), World Bank, ILO, IMF, WHO, WIID (World Income Inequality Database), OWID (Our World in Data), Parlgov (Parliaments and Governments Database), and V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy). The Institute for Political Economy at Carleton University is currently the main site for continuing refinement of the CPEDB. IPE Director Justin Paulson and other members are involved along with Seccombe and Livingstone in further development and safe storage of this updated database both at the IPE at Carleton and the UT dataverse. All those who explore the CPEDB are invited to share their perceptions of the entire database, or any of its sections, with Seccombe generally (wseccombe@sympatico.ca) and Livingstone for class/labour issues (davidlivingstone@utoronto.ca). They welcome any suggestions for additional variables together with their data sources. A new version CPEDB will be created in the spring of 2025 and installed as soon as the revision is completed. This revised version is intended to be a valuable resource for researchers in all of the included countries as well as Canada.

Dataset with survey-based indicators of economic dependence on sources of state income (such as salaries, pensions, CCTs) and indicators of postive attitudes towards political authorities (plus three indices of Pro-Authority Attitudes constructed by the author, and used as dependent variables in the analysis) for 26,676 citizens of 18 Latin American. Individual-level data come from the 2016-7 waves of the AmericasBarometer by the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP), see www.vanderbilt.edu/lapop/about-americasbarometer.php. The dataset also contains three country level-variables: Democracy ("democracy") is the Liberal Democracy Index (model estimates) from the Varieties of Democracy project (www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset); Government effectiveness ("gov_effect") comes from the World Bank's Worlwide Governance Indicators (databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators); Economic freedom ("efi_index_01") is the Heritage Foundation's Economic Freedom Index (rescaled 0 to 1; www.heritage.org/index/about).

Until recently, researchers who wanted to examine the determinants of state respect for most specific negative rights needed to rely on data from the CIRI or the Political Terror Scale (PTS). The new V-DEM dataset offers scholars a potential alternative to the individual human rights variables from CIRI. We analyze a set of key Cingranelli-Richards (CIRI) Human Rights Data Project and Varieties of Democracy (V-DEM) negative rights indicators, finding unusual and unexpectedly large patterns of disagreement between the two sets. First, we discuss the new V-DEM dataset by comparing it to the disaggregated CIRI indicators, discussing the history of each project, and describing its empirical domain. Second, we identify a set of disaggregated human rights measures that are similar across the two datasets and discuss each project's measurement approach. Third, we examine how these measures compare to each other empirically, showing that they diverge considerably across both time and space. These findings point to several important directions for future work, such as how conceptual approaches and measurement strategies affect rights scores. For the time being, our findings suggest that researchers should think carefully about using the measures as substitutes.

Political scientists routinely face the challenge of assessing the quality (validity and reliability) of measures in order to use them in substantive research. While stand-alone assessment tools exist, researchers rarely combine them comprehensively. Further, while a large literature informs data producers, data consumers lack guidance on how to assess existing measures for use in substantive research. We delineate a three-component practical approach to data quality assessment that integrates complementary multi-method tools to assess: 1) content validity; 2) the validity and reliability of the data generation process; and 3) convergent validity. We apply our quality assessment approach to the corruption measures from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project, both illustrating our rubric and unearthing several quality advantages and disadvantages of the V-Dem measures, compared to other existing measures of corruption.

This is a dataset that records all protests from 1990 to March of 2020. This dataset integrates certain features from the sources below:

Mass Mobilization Dataset - The Mass Mobilization (MM) data are an effort to understand citizen movements against governments, what citizens want when they demonstrate against governments, and how governments respond to citizens. The project codes protests against governments - the data cover 162 countries between 1990 and March 2020. For each protest event, the project records protester demands, government responses, protest location, and protester identities. The Principle Investigators for the Mass Mobilization project are David H. Clark (Binghamton University) and Patrick M. Regan (University of Notre Dame). The Mass Mobilization project is sponsored by the Political Instability Task Force (PITF). The PITF is funded by the Central Intelligence Agency. The views expressed herein are the Principal Investigators' alone and do not represent the views of the US Government.

V-Dem Dataset - The V-Dem Dataset (Varieties of Democracy) is one of the most comprehensive and widely used datasets for measuring democracy and governance worldwide. Developed by the V-Dem Institute at the University of Gothenburg in collaboration with global researchers, it provides detailed, multidimensional data on various aspects of democracy. HDI Dataset

• The Human Development Index is a composite measure used to rank countries based on their level of human development. The HDI is maintained by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and is widely used in research, policy analysis, and international comparisons.

The Leaders Global dataset compiles information about party affiliations of the Head of State (HoS) and the Head of Government (HoG) in 183 countries from 1880 to 2020. Cross-comparability of data on political parties is enhanced by harmonizing party names and codes via Party Facts (Döring and Regel 2019). The aim of Leaders Global is to provide an encompassing, consistent and harmonized dataset about Head of States and Head of Governments and their party affiliation. In a joint effort, Leaders Global was also used as the source for the HoS and HoG party affiliation variables of the Varieties of Democracy project (V-Dem) which will be released with V-Dem Version 11 in Spring 2021. In the future, Leaders Global might be extended to some smaller countries beyond V-Dem’s country sample.

Posterior files for Varieties of Democracy Project Version 8. See main item for codebook and dataset.

The data set measures the views of experts on South African democracy drawing from the relevant indicators of the Varieties of Democracy (V- Dem) project, which include accountability, civil and political liberties, elections and campaigns, the right to franchise, separation of powers, voter participation, civic education, equality before the law, ethical political elite behaviour and political tolerance. Of the targeted population of 159, 51 responses (32%) were realised. The data set contains 57 variables and 51 cases.