Historical dataset showing Venezuela income inequality - gini coefficient by year from N/A to N/A.

What difference does it make if the state makes people vote? The question is central to normative debates about the rights and duties of citizens in a democracy, and to contemporary policy debates in a number of Latin American countries over what actions states should take to encourage electoral participation. Focusing on a rare case of abolishing compulsory voting in Venezuela, this article shows that not forcing people to vote yielded a more unequal distribution of income. The evidence supports Arend Lijphart’s claim, advanced in his 1996 presidential address to the American Political Science Association, that compulsory voting can offset class bias in turnout and, in turn, contribute to the equality of influence.

Income share held by fourth 20% of Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) climb by 1.84% from 21.70 % in 2005 to 22.10 % in 2006. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

During the displayed time period in Venezuela, the GINI coefficient, which reflects the degree of wealth distribution inequality, has exhibited an increasing trend, reaching a value of **** in 2017. This indicates a greater income disparity among the population.

Income share held by third 20% of Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) surged by 5.04% from 13.90 % in 2005 to 14.60 % in 2006. Since the 1.46% dip in 2002, income share held by third 20% leapt by 8.15% in 2006. Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

From 2017 to 2021, the share of households living under the poverty line in Venezuela has been surpassing 90 percent. In addition, more than six out of every ten households (67.97 percent) lived in extreme poverty in 2021. The overall household poverty rate in Venezuela has registered a steady growth from 2014 to 2019, after having remained relatively stable, below 40 percent, since 2005. Although poverty is widespread among the population as a whole, some groups are more vulnerable than others. That is the case of younger generations and particularly children: 98.03 percent of Venezuelans aged 15 or younger lived in poverty in 2021. An economy in disarray Venezuela, the country with the largest oil reserves in the world and whose economy has been largely dependent on oil revenues for decades, was once one of the most prosperous countries in Latin America. Today, hyperinflation and an astronomic public debt are only some of the many pressing concerns that affect the domestic economy. The socio-economic consequences of the crisis As a result of the economic recession, more than half of the population in every state in Venezuela lives in extreme poverty. This issue is particularly noteworthy in the states of Amazonas, Monagas, and Falcón, where the extreme poverty rate hovers over 80 percent. Such alarming levels of poverty, together with persistent food shortages, provoked a rapid increase in undernourishment, which was estimated at 17.9 percent between 2020 and 2022. The combination of humanitarian crisis, political turmoil and economic havoc led to the Venezuelan refugee and migrant crisis. As of 2020, more than five million Venezuelans had fled their home country, with neighboring Colombia being the main country of destination.

Venezuela VE: Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses: % of Output data was reported at 36.045 % in 2014. This records an increase from the previous number of 20.808 % for 2013. Venezuela VE: Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses: % of Output data is updated yearly, averaging 18.694 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2014, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.045 % in 2014 and a record low of 9.169 % in 1971. Venezuela VE: Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses: % of Output data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Venezuela – Table VE.World Bank: Energy Production and Consumption. Electric power transmission and distribution losses include losses in transmission between sources of supply and points of distribution and in the distribution to consumers, including pilferage.; ; IEA Statistics © OECD/IEA 2018 (http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp), subject to https://www.iea.org/t&c/termsandconditions/; Weighted average; Restricted use: Please contact the International Energy Agency for third-party use of these data.

In the timeframe presented, there has been a general uptick in the average monthly salary for Venezuelan employees, peaking at ******* USD in July 2024.

The statistic shows the distribution of employment in Venezuela by economic sector from 2013 to 2023. In 2023, 10.63 percent of the employees in Venezuela were active in the agricultural sector, 21.26 percent in industry and 70.91 percent in the service sector.

Venezuela PPI: Laspeyres: WT: Electric Motors, Generators & Transformers & Electric Power Distribution & Control Devices data was reported at 321,345,148.217 2007=100 in Jan 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 207,319,450.462 2007=100 for Dec 2018. Venezuela PPI: Laspeyres: WT: Electric Motors, Generators & Transformers & Electric Power Distribution & Control Devices data is updated monthly, averaging 301.727 2007=100 from Jan 2007 (Median) to Jan 2019, with 145 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 321,345,148.217 2007=100 in Jan 2019 and a record low of 93.901 2007=100 in Jan 2007. Venezuela PPI: Laspeyres: WT: Electric Motors, Generators & Transformers & Electric Power Distribution & Control Devices data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Venezuela. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Venezuela – Table VE.I013: Producer Price Index: 2007=100.