Venture capital (VC) investments in Estonia represented approximately 0.15 percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2023, making it the country with the highest VC investment to GDP ratio in Europe. In Denmark, the second country on the list, VC investment amounted to 0.14 percent of the country's GDP during the same period of time.

In 2018, Sweden had the highest amount of venture capital (VC) investments made per capita in Europe. Roughly speaking, around 140 U.S. dollars were invested in VC businesses per inhabitant in Sweden during that year. Also in that year, this figure for Italy amounted to 2 U.S. dollars.

Key information about United States Investment: % of GDP

• United States Investment accounted for 20.7 % of its Nominal GDP in Mar 2023, compared with a ratio of 21.3 % in the previous quarter.
• US investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1947 to Mar 2023, with an average ratio of 22.3 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 25.4 % in Dec 1978 and a record low of 16.1 % in Jun 1947.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bureau of Economic Analysis provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in USD and Nominal GDP in USD. Seasonally adjusted auxiliary series is used since non-seasonally adjusted data is unavailable from the source.


Related information about United States Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, US GDP expanded 1.8 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• US Nominal GDP reached 6,632.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 5.3 % in Mar 2023.
• US GDP Per Capita reached 59,484.0 USD in Dec 2017.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 16.0 % in Mar 2023.

The table shows the level of gross fixed capital formation, i.e. investment, as percent of GDP around the world. There are three values - for the last quarter, for the previous quarter, and for a year ago. These numbers are updated as soon as new data are released by the national authorities. Looking across countries, investment is about 20-25 percent of GDP, typically with greater values for less developed countries than for advanced economies. This is normal as those countries are in the process of industrialization that requires more investment.

Key information about Paraguay Investment: % of GDP

• Paraguay Investment accounted for 20.3 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with a ratio of 19.3 % in the previous quarter.
• Paraguay investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1994 to Sep 2024, with an average ratio of 21.4 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 34.4 % in Mar 2022 and a record low of 14.7 % in Jun 2016.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Central Bank of Paraguay provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Paraguay Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Paraguay GDP expanded 5.2 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Paraguay Nominal GDP reached 11.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 4.9 % in Mar 2023.
• Paraguay GDP Per Capita reached 6,823.5 USD in Dec 2023.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 18.4 % in Sep 2024.

Graph and download economic data for Gross Private Domestic Investment (GPDI) from Q1 1947 to Q1 2025 about investment, gross, domestic, private, GDP, and USA.

Key information about Japan Investment: % of GDP

• Japan Investment accounted for 25.7 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a ratio of 26.6 % in the previous quarter.
• Japan investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1980 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of 26.9 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 34.0 % in Dec 1990 and a record low of 21.1 % in Jun 2010.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. Economic and Social Research Institute provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency, based on SNA 2008 with benchmark year 2015. Investment as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q1 1994 is based on SNA 1993 with benchmark year 2000.


Related information about Japan Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Japan GDP expanded 1.8 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Japan Nominal GDP reached 1,080.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 1.7 % in Mar 2023.
• Japan GDP Per Capita reached 33,906.0 USD in Dec 2022.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 28.8 % in Mar 2022.

Nigeria: Capital investment as percent of GDP: The latest value from is percent, unavailable from percent in . In comparison, the world average is 0.00 percent, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Nigeria from to is percent. The minimum value, percent, was reached in while the maximum of percent was recorded in .

Switzerland: Capital investment as percent of GDP: The latest value from 2023 is 24.58 percent, an increase from 24.54 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 23.15 percent, based on data from 128 countries. Historically, the average for Switzerland from 1970 to 2023 is 29.2 percent. The minimum value, 24.54 percent, was reached in 2022 while the maximum of 40.79 percent was recorded in 1971.

Key information about Colombia Investment: % of GDP

• Colombia Investment accounted for 14.7 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2022, compared with a ratio of 24.1 % in the previous quarter.
• Colombia investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2005 to Dec 2022, with an average ratio of 23.0 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 27.9 % in Sep 2015 and a record low of 11.1 % in Dec 2020.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. National Administrative Department of Statistics provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Colombia Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Colombia GDP expanded 2.9 % YoY in Dec 2022.
• Colombia Nominal GDP reached 79.5 USD bn in Dec 2022.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 14.0 % in Dec 2022.
• Colombia GDP Per Capita reached 6,239.3 USD in Dec 2021.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 8.6 % in Dec 2022.

This map is adapted from the outstanding work of Dr. Joseph Kerski at ESRI. A map of political, social, and economic indicators for 2010. Created at the Data Analysis and Social Inquiry Lab at Grinnell College by Megan Schlabaugh, April Chen, and Adam Lauretig.Data from Freedom House, the Center for Systemic Peace, and the World Bank.Shapefile:Weidmann, Nils B., Doreen Kuse, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch. 2010. The Geography of the International System: The CShapes Dataset. International Interactions 36 (1).Field Descriptions:

Variable Name Variable Description Years Available Further Description Source

TotPop Total Population 2011 Population of the country/region World Bank

GDPpcap GDP per capita (current USD) 2011 A measure of the total output of a country that takes the gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful when comparing one country to another because it shows the relative performance of the countries. World Bank

GDPpcapPPP GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP) 2011

World Bank

HDI Human Development Index (HDI) 2011 A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries' levels of social and economic development based on four criteria: Life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita. The HDI makes it possible to track changes in development levels over time and to compare development levels in different countries. World Bank

LifeExpct Life expectancy at birth 2011 The probable number of years a person will live after a given age, as determined by mortality in a specific geographic area. World Bank

MyrSchool Mean years of schooling 2011 Years that a 25-year-old person or older has spent in schools World Bank

ExpctSch Expected years of schooling 2011 Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life. World Bank

GNIpcap Gross National Income (GNI) per capita 2011 Gross national income (GNI) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is gross national income divided by mid-year population. World Bank

GNIpcapHDI GNI per capita rank minus HDI rank 2011

World Bank

NaIncHDI Nonincome HDI
2011

World Bank

15+LitRate Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total 2010

UNESCO

EmplyAgr Employment in Agriculture 2009

World Bank

GDPenergy GDP per unit of energy use 2010 The PPP GDP per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use. World Bank

GDPgrowth GDP growth (annual %) 2011

World Bank

GDP GDP (current USD) 2011

World Bank

ExptGDP Exports of Goods and Service (% GDP) 2011 The value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world World Bank

ImprtGDP Imports of Goods and Service (% GDP) 2011 The value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. World Bank

AgrGDP Agriculture, Value added (% GDP) 2011 Agriculture corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. World Bank

FDI Foreign Direct Investment, net (current USD) 2011 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. World Bank

GNIpcap GNI per capita PP 2011 GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. World Bank

Inflatn Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) 2011 Inflation as measured by the consumer price index reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. World Bank

InfltnGDP Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) 2011 Inflation as measured by the annual growth rate of the GDP implicit deflator shows the rate of price change in the economy as a whole. The GDP implicit deflator is the ratio of GDP in current local currency to GDP in constant local currency. World Bank

PctWomParl % women in national parliament 2010

United Nations

IntnetUser Internet Users, per 100 peple 2011 Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. World Bank

HIVPrevlnc Estimated HIV Prevalence% - (Ages 15-49) 2009 Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages 15-49 who are infected with HIV. UNAIDS estimates. UNAIDS

AgrLand Agricultural land (% of land area) 2009 Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. World Bank

AidRecPP Aid received per person (current US$) 2010 Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita consists of disbursements of loans made on concessional terms (net of repayments of principal) and grants by official agencies of the members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), by multilateral institutions, and by non-DAC countries to promote economic development and welfare in countries and territories in the DAC list of ODA recipients; and is calculated by dividing net ODA received by the midyear population estimate. It includes loans with a grant element of at least 25 percent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent). World Bank

AlcohAdul Alcohol consumption per adult (15+) in litres 2008 Liters of pure alcohol, computed as the sum of alcohol production and imports, less alcohol exports, divided by the adult population (aged 15 years and older). World Health Organization

ArmyPct Military expenditure (% of central government expenditure) 2008 Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). World Development Indicators (World Bank)

TFR Total Fertility Rate 2011 The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. This indicator shows the potential for population change in a country. World Bank

CO2perUSD CO2 kg per USD 2008 Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. World Bank

ExpdtrPrim Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita) 2008 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary is the total public expenditure per student in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities). World Bank

ExpdtrSecd Expenditure per student, secondary (% of GDP per capita) 2008 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary is the total public expenditure per student in secondary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. World Bank

ExpdtrTert Expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita) 2008 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary is the total public expenditure per student in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. World Bank

FDIoutf Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP) 2010 Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the

As a share of the country’s GDP, China’s average infrastructure spending in 2022 was nearly 10 times higher than that of the United States. Indeed, at 4.8 percent of its GDP, China's investments were significantly higher than anywhere else in the world. By comparison, investments in Central & Eastern Europe - the CEE region - were relatively higher than those in their Western European counterparts. Infrastructure construction and development The construction industry plays a significant role in most economies. The reason for that is that public investment into essential infrastructure enables the economy to function properly and be well connected. Without transportation and energy infrastructure, which were the two types of infrastructure with the highest construction spending in the U.S., or telecommunication networks, such as 5G base stations, many industries could not perform their activities. Infrastructure needs Despite the importance of infrastructure for the wellbeing of communities, infrastructure investment is sub par in many countries across the world. As of 2020, projected infrastructure spending was estimated to be unable to fulfill spending needs in the United States, where the aging infrastructure is in dire need of repair. Although as seen here, China was the country with the highest investment in infrastructure relative to its GDP, as of 2019, it also has higher projected infrastructure needs than most regions.

Key information about China Investment: % of GDP

• China Investment accounted for 41.1 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with a ratio of 42.4 % in the previous year.
• China investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1952 to Dec 2023, with an average ratio of 36.1 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 46.6 % in Dec 2011 and a record low of 15.4 % in Dec 1962.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from annual Nominal Gross Capital Formation and annual Nominal GDP. The National Bureau of Statistics provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about China Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, China GDP expanded 4.5 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• China Nominal GDP reached 4,166.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 0.4 % in Mar 2023.
• China GDP Per Capita reached 12,621.7 USD in Dec 2023.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 44.3 % in Dec 2023.

Key information about Brazil Investment: % of GDP

• Brazil Investment accounted for 14.9 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a ratio of 18.1 % in the previous quarter.
• Brazil investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1995 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of 18.1 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 25.9 % in Mar 2021 and a record low of 12.1 % in Dec 2018.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. Gross Capital Formation is calculated as the sum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Change of Stock. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency, based on SCN 2010/SNA 2008. Investment as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q1 1996 is based on SNA 1993.


Related information about Brazil Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Brazil GDP expanded 3.4 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Brazil Nominal GDP reached 491.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 6.2 % in Mar 2023.
• Brazil GDP Per Capita reached 8,936.2 USD in Dec 2022.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 11.9 % in Dec 2024.

Key information about Argentina Investment: % of GDP

• Argentina Investment accounted for 18.4 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2024, compared with a ratio of 12.7 % in the previous quarter.
• Argentina investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1993 to Sep 2024, with an average ratio of 17.6 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 22.8 % in Mar 1998 and a record low of 7.9 % in Jun 2020.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. Gross Capital Formation is calculated as the sum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Changes in Inventories. The National Institute of Statistics and Censuses provides annualized Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and annualized Nominal GDP in local currency. Investment as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q1 2004 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Related information about Argentina Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Argentina GDP expanded 1.2 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Argentina Nominal GDP reached 150.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 94.1 % in Mar 2023.
• Argentina GDP Per Capita reached 13,659.4 USD in Dec 2022.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 11.0 % in Mar 2023.

The statistic describes the share of GDP expenditure on research and development (R&D) investment in China from 2010 to 2024. In 2024, China’s investment in R&D as a proportion of GDP reached around 2.68 percent.

Graph and download economic data for Federal Government: National Defense Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment (FDEFX) from Q1 1947 to Q1 2025 about defense, investment, gross, federal, consumption expenditures, consumption, government, GDP, and USA.

Key information about Estonia Investment: % of GDP

• Estonia Investment accounted for 27.4 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a ratio of 26.7 % in the previous quarter.
• Estonia investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1993 to Dec 2024, with an average ratio of 27.7 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 43.3 % in Dec 2006 and a record low of 18.1 % in Jun 1993.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Nominal Gross Capital Formation and quarterly Nominal GDP. Gross Capital Formation is calculated as the sum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Changes in Inventories. Statistics Estonia provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR. Investment as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q1 1995 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Related information about Estonia Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Estonia GDP contracted 3.7 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Estonia Nominal GDP reached 10.2 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 13.6 % in Mar 2023.
• Estonia GDP Per Capita reached 28,567.5 USD in Dec 2022.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 25.3 % in Mar 2023.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) accounted for the fastest growth of Artificial intelligence (AI) contribution among countries in the Middle East and North Africa during the period from 2018 to 2030, with an average annual growth rate of around 33.5 percent. In relative terms, the UAE was expected to witness the largest impact of AI, at around 14 percent of the country's GDP. The magnitude of such impact is attributed to the country's investment in AI technology.

Key information about Tunisia Investment: % of GDP

• Tunisia Investment accounted for 7.8 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with a ratio of 17.1 % in the previous year.
• Tunisia investment share of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1960 to Dec 2023, with an average ratio of 24.4 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 32.3 % in Dec 1981 and a record low of 7.8 % in Dec 2023.

CEIC calculates Investment as % of Nominal GDP from annual Nominal Gross Capital Formation and annual Nominal GDP. Gross Capital Formation is calculated as the sum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Changes in Inventories. National Institute of Statistics provides Nominal Gross Capital Formation in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency, based on SNA 1993. Investment as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2015 is based on old classification of data. Investment as % of Nominal GDP prior to 1997 is based on SNA 1968.


Related information about Tunisia Investment: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Tunisia GDP expanded 1.0 % YoY in Jun 2024.
• Tunisia Nominal GDP reached 11.7 USD bn in Dec 2022.
• Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 10.2 % in Dec 2022.
• Tunisia GDP Per Capita reached 3,962.1 USD in Dec 2021.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 2.2 % in Dec 2023.