Abstract

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS) is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making. Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each visit, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the visit1 period and visit2. This results in a total of two visits during the agricultural year. The data collection activities were delayed by the pandemic. Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: The quantity and value of agricultural production; The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; Livestock keeping and animal products production; The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members. The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture.

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone includes districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS: Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu;

Analysis unit

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage sampling design was adopted for the AAS 2020. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame was stratified into 10 ZARDIs. In each stratum, the first stage was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), which is the EA (enumerator area) and the second stage was the selection of the Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU), which are the Ag HHs. The survey covered households cultivating crops and/or raising livestock, including households that were cultivating a few crops or raising a limited number of animals. No minimum threshold on the amount of land cultivated or animals raised was set nor did the survey aim to generate estimates concerning aquaculture, forestry and fisheries. Sample size The survey generated national, regional and sub-regional level estimates. A sample of 593 EAs and an average of 12 Ag HHs were selected from each EA.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS 2020) adopted three main questionnaires: the post-planting (PP), the post-harvest (PH) and the livestock and holding questionnaires. Normally, the PP and PH questionnaires are administered each season, while the livestock and holding questionnaire is administered at the end of the second season and covers the entire agricultural year. Nonetheless, in the AAS 2020, a different survey calendar was adopted due to movement limitations imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cleaning operations

All the data captured from the field were stored in the cloud with a local backup. Editing and validation was done electronically using STATA software.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 94.5 %.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of the survey results depends on the sampling and the non-sampling errors. The AAS 2020 had a large enough and representative sample to limit sampling errors. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors, usually errors that arise during data collection, were controlled through thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarters team, and a well-developed CAPI programme. The Coefficients of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI and sub-regional levels are presented in the Annex tables.

Abstract

The AAS is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making.

Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each season, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the Post-Planting (PP) period and the post-harvesting (PH) period. This results in a total of four visits during the agricultural year. For what concerns the AAS 2018, due to a change in the methodology and questionnaire in between seasons, data collected during the first and second season are not perfectly comparable and have been treated separately. Hence, this DDI only refers to microdata collected during the second season of 2018.

Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: - The use of agricultural land along with the health and quality of soils in Uganda; - The quantity and value of agricultural production; - The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; - Food security of agricultural households; - Livestock keeping and animal products production; - The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members.

The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture.

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone include districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS:

1) Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; 2) Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; 3) Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; 4) Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; 5) Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; 6) Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu; 7) Nabuin: districts included are Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Kotido, Napak, Amudat, Kaabong and Abim; 8) Serere: districts included are Serere, Kumi, Bukedea Amuria, Ngora, Katakwi, Soroti and Kaberamaido; 9) Mbarara: districts included are Mbarara, Ntungamo, Bushenyi, Kiruhura, Lyantonde, Sheema, Rubirizi, Mitoma, Isingiro,Ibanda, Buhweju, Sembabule, and Rakai; 10) Rwebitaba: districts included are Bundubugyo, Kabarole, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo and Ntoroko.

Being an urban area, Kampala has been excluded from the survey. Also Ntoroko district was not included in the sample.

Analysis unit

Agricultural households

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the AAS 2018 was constituted by a complete list of census enumeration areas (EAs) covering the entire national territory of Uganda, for a total of 80183 EAs. An EA represents the smallest ground area portion, mapped with definite boundaries. EAs should not be intended as administrative area categories, but only as ground area portions defined to facilitate the selection of the sample and ease data collection activities.

As of 2014, Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts. In each district, the following hierarchical administrative division is in place: 1) County, 2) Sub county, 3) Parish, 4) Village, 5) Local council area. The frame file contains the administrative affiliation for each EA and number of households at the time of the census. Each EA has also a designated residence type: urban or rural.

The sampling design adopted is a two-stage sampling design. In order to increase the efficiency of the sampling design for the AAS, the sampling frame is divided into 10 Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institutes (ZARDIs). At the first stage of selection, a sample of EAs (Primary Sampling Units) was drawn. At the second stage, a sample of agricultural households in the selected EAs was drawn (Secondary Sampling Units). The determination of the required number of EAs is based on the approach of Probabilities Proportional to Size (PPS), using the systematic sampling algorithm. The measure of size to be used in selecting the sample is the number of agricultural households resulting from the 2014 Population and Households Census (PHC). The employed sampling procedure led to the production of representative estimates at the region, sub region, and ZARDI level. Hence, the ZARDI is the maximum level of geographical disaggregation for which representative estimates can be computed.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The AAS 2018 implemented two main questionnaires i.e., the Post-Planting, and Post-harvesting questionnaires. For each season, agricultural households were interviewed twice: during the post-planting and the post-harvesting visit.

The questionnaire used during the post-planting season is called "Form 4 - Crop Area Module" and collects information on: 1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics; 2) Agricultural enterprises undertaken by the household in the current agricultural season; 3) Land use (Parcel and plots used by the agricultural households) i.e. Access to land, land use rights, decision making, land area, seed/seedlings utilization, etc. The main objective of this questionnaire is to estimate land areas for crops planted. This is done combining objective measurement (i.e., GPS) on plots and parcels and then collecting the share of land area covered by each crop on each plot (based on farmer's assessment). In addition, the questionnaire collects information on land tenure and use of agricultural inputs. This questionnaire contains a roster of household members, a roster of parcels, a roster of plots for each parcel and a list of crops by plot.

The questionnaire used for the post-harvesting visit is called "Form 52- Crop Production, Household and Holding Characteristics Module" and collects information on: 1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics (only for new household members) 2) Crop production and disposals 3) Use of agricultural inputs for crop production 4) Cost of labor used for crop production 5) Labor input used on the agricultural household 6) Animal raised on the holding 7) Inputs used for livestock production 8) Livestock production and dispositions 9) Access to agricultural information 10) Access to means of transportation 11) Access to storage facilities 12) Access to agricultural credit 13) Fixed costs of the agricultural household 14) Shocks and food security of the agricultural household 15) Access to extension services 16) Land disputes

The main objective of this questionnaire is to collect data on crops harvested by agricultural households, based on farm declarations. In addition, the questionnaire collects information concerning the disposition of crops, labor input and use of inputs such as seed/seedlings. Furthermore, it aims to collect livestock capital, animal production and inputs over a 12-month reference period, thus covering the entire agricultural year.

The post-harvesting questionnaire also collected information concerning household and holding characteristics, such as the access to market and agricultural information, household food security, shocks and their impact on food security etc.

Cleaning operations

All data cleaning and editing operations were performed using the statistical software Stata. The anonymization process has been carried out with the aid of the statistical software R and the package sdcMicro with functions for risk measurement and the application of SDC methods.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 86% during the PP visit, and the 83% during the PH visit.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of a survey results depends on both sampling and non-sampling errors. The AAS 2018 had a large enough and representative sample hence limiting errors due to sampling. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors usually resulting from errors occurring during data collection, were controlled thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarter team, and a well-developed CAPI program. The standard errors and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI & sub-regional levels are presented in an Appendix of the final Survey Report.

Abstract

The AAS is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making.

Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each season, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the Post-Planting (PP) period and the post-harvesting (PH) period. This results in a total of four visits during the agricultural year. For what concerns the AAS 2018, due to a change in the methodology and questionnaire in between seasons, data collected during the first and second season are not perfectly comparable and have been treated separately. Hence, this DDI only refers to microdata collected during the second season of 2018.

Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: - The use of agricultural land along with the health and quality of soils in Uganda; - The quantity and value of agricultural production; - The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; - Food security of agricultural households; - Livestock keeping and animal products production; - The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members.

The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2018, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2018 Report.

Geographic coverage

Regional Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the AAS 2018 was constituted by a complete list of census enumeration areas (EAs) covering the entire national territory of Uganda, for a total of 80183 EAs. An EA represents the smallest ground area portion, mapped with definite boundaries. EAs should not be intended as administrative area categories, but only as ground area portions defined to facilitate the selection of the sample and ease data collection activities. As of 2014, Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts. In each district, the following hierarchical administrative division is in place: 1) County, 2) Sub county, 3) Parish, 4) Village, 5) Local council area. The frame file contains the administrative affiliation for each EA and number of households at the time of the census. Each EA has also a designated residence type: urban or rural.

The sampling design adopted is a two-stage sampling design. In order to increase the efficiency of the sampling design for the AAS, the sampling frame is divided into 10 Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institutes (ZARDIs). At the first stage of selection, a sample of EAs (Primary Sampling Units) was drawn. At the second stage, a sample of agricultural households in the selected EAs was drawn (Secondary Sampling Units). The determination of the required number of EAs is based on the approach of Probabilities Proportional to Size (PPS), using the systematic sampling algorithm. The measure of size to be used in selecting the sample is the number of agricultural households resulting from the 2014 Population and Households Census (PHC). The employed sampling procedure led to the production of representative estimates at the region, sub region, and zardi level. Hence, the zardi is the maximum level of geographical disaggregation for which representative estimates can be computed.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The AAS 2018 was conducted using two main questionnaires i.e. the Post-Planting, and Post-harvesting questionnaires. For each season, agricultural households are interviewed twice: during the post-planting and the post-harvesting visit.

The questionnaire used during the post-planting season is called "Form 4 - Crop Area Module" and is organized as follows:

• Section 4.1: Cover Page;
• Section 4.2: Household Roster;
• Section 4.3: Enterprise Identification;
• Section 4.4: Parcel Roster;
• Section 4.5: Plot Roster;
• Section 4.6: Crop Roster.

The questionnaire used for the post-harvesting visit is called "Form 52- Crop Production, Household and Holding Characteristics Module" and is organized as follows: - Section 5.1: Cover Page; - Section 5.2: Household Roster; - Section 5.3: Production and Dispositions of Crops; - Section 5.4: Agricultural Inputs; - Section 5.5: Production Activities and their Costs; - Section 5.6: Labour Input on the Holding; - Section 5.7.1: Cattle and Pack Animals; - Section 5.7.2: Small Ruminants; - Section 5.7.3: Poultry; - Section 5.8.1: Cattle and Pack Animals: Input Costs; - Section 5.8.2: Small Ruminants: Input Costs; - Section 5.8.3: Poultry: Input Costs; - Section 5.9.1: Cattle Meat; - Section 5.9.2: Small Ruminants Meat; - Section 5.9.3: Poultry Meat; - Section 5.9.4: Cattle Milk; - Section 5.9.5: Small Ruminants Milk; - Section 5.9.6: Eggs Production; - Section 5.9.7: Other Animal Products; - Section 5.10: Sources of Agricultural Information; - Section 5.11: Access to facilities; - Section 5.12: Transport Means; - Section 5.13: Storage Facilities; - Section 5.14: Access to Credit; - Section 5.15: Fixed Costs; - Section 5.16: Shocks and Food Security; - Section 5.17: Extension Services; - Section 5.18: Land Disputes.

Cleaning operations

All data cleaning and editing operations were performed using the statistical software Stata.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 86% during the post-planting visit, and the 83% during the post-harvesting visit.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of a survey results depends on both sampling and non-sampling errors. The AAS 2018 had a large enough and representative sample hence limiting errors due to sampling. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors usually resulting from errors occurring during data collection, were controlled thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarter team, and a well-developed CAPI program. The standard errors and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI & sub-regional levels are presented in an Appendix of the final Survey Report.

Abstract

The AAS is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making.

Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each season, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the Post-Planting (PP) period and the Post-Harvesting (PH) period. This results in a total of four visits during the agricultural year.

Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: - The quantity and value of agricultural production; - The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; - Livestock keeping and animal products production; - The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members.

The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2019, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2019 Report (see external resources/downloads section).

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone includes districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS:

1) Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; 2) Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; 3) Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; 4) Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; 5) Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; 6) Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu; 7) Nabuin: districts included are Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Kotido, Napak, Amudat, Kaabong and Abim; 8) Serere: districts included are Serere, Kumi, Bukedea Amuria, Ngora, Katakwi, Soroti and Kaberamaido; 9) Mbarara: districts included are Mbarara, Ntungamo, Bushenyi, Kiruhura, Lyantonde, Sheema, Rubirizi, Mitoma, Isingiro,Ibanda, Buhweju, Sembabule, and Rakai; 10) Rwebitaba: districts included are Bundubugyo, Kabarole, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo and Ntoroko. Being an urban area, Kampala has been excluded from the survey. Also Ntoroko district was not included in the sample.

Analysis unit

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage sampling design was adopted for the AAS 2019. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame was stratified into 10 ZARDIs. In each stratum, the first stage was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), which is the EA (enumerator area) and the second stage was the selection of the Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU), which are the Ag HHs. The survey covered households cultivating crops and/or raising livestock, including households that were cultivating a few crops or raising a limited number of animals. No minimum threshold on the amount of land cultivated or animals raised was set nor did the survey aim to generate estimates concerning aquaculture, forestry and fisheries.

Sample size The survey generated national, regional and sub-regional level estimates. A sample of 593 EAs and an average of 12 Ag HHs were selected from each EA.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The AAS 2019 implemented two main questionnaires i.e. the Post-Planting, and Post-harvesting questionnaires. For each season, agricultural households are interviewed twice: during the post-planting and the post-harvesting visit. The questionnaire used during the post-planting season is called "Form 4 - Crop Area Module" and collects information on:

1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics; 2) Agricultural enterprises undertaken by the household in the current agricultural season; 3) Land use (Parcel and plots used by the agricultural households) i.e. Access to land, land use rights, decision making, land area, seed/seedlings utilization, etc. The main objective of this questionnaire is to estimate land areas for crops planted. This is done combining objective measurement (i.e., GPS) on plots and parcels and then collecting the share of land area covered by each crop on each plot (based on farmer's assessment). In addition, the questionnaire collects information on land tenure and use of agricultural inputs. This questionnaire contains a roster of household members, a roster of parcels, a roster of plots for each parcel and a list of crops by plot.

The questionnaire used for the post-harvesting visit is called "Form 52- Crop Production, Household and Holding Characteristics Module" and collects information on:

1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics (only for new household members) 2) Crop production and disposals 3) Use of agricultural inputs for crop production 4) Cost of labour used for crop production 5) Labour input used on the agricultural household 6) Animal raised on the holding 7) Inputs used for livestock production 8) Livestock production and dispositions 9) Access to agricultural information 10) Access to means of transportation 11) Access to storage facilities 12) Access to agricultural credit 13) Fixed costs of the agricultural household 14) Shocks and food security of the agricultural household 15) Access to extension services 16) Land disputes

Information 1-5 are collected in both first and second season while 6-16 is asked during the second season only. The main objective of this questionnaire is to collect data on crops harvested by agricultural households, based on farm declarations. In addition, the questionnaire collects information concerning the disposition of crops, labour input and use of inputs such as chemicals. Furthermore, it aims to collect livestock capital, animal production and inputs over a 12- month reference period, thus covering the entire agricultural year. The post-harvesting questionnaire also collects information concerning household and holding characteristics, such as access to market and agricultural information, household food security, shocks and their impact on food security etc.

Cleaning operations

Supervision

Data collection for the AAS 2019 was performed by 15 teams constituted by, on average, three enumerators and 1 supervisor. After recruitment, both supervisors and enumerators received two trainings, one on the post-planting (PP) and one on the post-harvesting (PH) questionnaires. During these trainings, the CAPI PP and PH applications to be used for data collection were tested and refined. During the data collection stage, after completing a CAPI interview, enumerators submitted the electronic interview to their supervisors through Survey Solutions. Then, Supervisor checked the quality of data collected and decided on whether accepting or rejecting the completed case. When a supervisor rejected an interview, the interview was sent back to the interviewer tablet in order to be corrected as requested. On the other hand, when the supervisor accepted an interview, this was sent to the headquarter for final validation. This process continued until the quality of collected data was considered as satisfactory.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 84%.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of the survey results depends on the sampling and the non-sampling errors. The AAS 2019 had a large enough and representative sample to limit sampling errors. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors, usually errors that arise during data collection, were controlled through thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarters team, and a well-developed CAPI programme. The Coefficients of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI and sub-regional levels are presented in the Annex tables.

Abstract

The AAS is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making.

Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each season, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the Post-Planting (PP) period and the post-harvesting (PH) period. This results in a total of four visits during the agricultural year. For what concerns the AAS 2018, due to a change in the methodology and questionnaire in between seasons, data collected during the first and second season are not perfectly comparable and have been treated separately. Hence, this DDI only refers to microdata collected during the second season of 2018.

Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: - The use of agricultural land along with the health and quality of soils in Uganda; - The quantity and value of agricultural production; - The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; - Food security of agricultural households; - Livestock keeping and animal products production; - The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members.

The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2018, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2018 Report.

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone include districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS:

1) Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; 2) Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; 3) Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; 4) Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; 5) Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; 6) Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu; 7) Nabuin: districts included are Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Kotido, Napak, Amudat, Kaabong and Abim; 8) Serere: districts included are Serere, Kumi, Bukedea Amuria, Ngora, Katakwi, Soroti and Kaberamaido; 9) Mbarara: districts included are Mbarara, Ntungamo, Bushenyi, Kiruhura, Lyantonde, Sheema, Rubirizi, Mitoma, Isingiro,Ibanda, Buhweju, Sembabule, and Rakai; 10) Rwebitaba: districts included are Bundubugyo, Kabarole, Kamwenge, Kasese, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo and Ntoroko.

Being an urban area, Kampala has been excluded from the survey. Also Ntoroko district was not included in the sample.

Analysis unit

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the AAS 2018 was constituted by a complete list of census enumeration areas (EAs) covering the entire national territory of Uganda, for a total of 80183 EAs. An EA represents the smallest ground area portion, mapped with definite boundaries. EAs should not be intended as administrative area categories, but only as ground area portions defined to facilitate the selection of the sample and ease data collection activities. As of 2014, Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts. In each district, the following hierarchical administrative division is in place: 1) County, 2) Sub county, 3) Parish, 4) Village, 5) Local council area. The frame file contains the administrative affiliation for each EA and number of households at the time of the census. Each EA has also a designated residence type: urban or rural.

The sampling design adopted is a two-stage sampling design. In order to increase the efficiency of the sampling design for the AAS, the sampling frame is divided into 10 Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institutes (ZARDIs). At the first stage of selection, a sample of EAs (Primary Sampling Units) was drawn. At the second stage, a sample of agricultural households in the selected EAs was drawn (Secondary Sampling Units). The determination of the required number of EAs is based on the approach of Probabilities Proportional to Size (PPS), using the systematic sampling algorithm. The measure of size to be used in selecting the sample is the number of agricultural households resulting from the 2014 Population and Households Census (PHC). The employed sampling procedure led to the production of representative estimates at the region, sub region, and zardi level. Hence, the zardi is the maximum level of geographical disaggregation for which representative estimates can be computed.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The AAS 2018 implemented two main questionnaires i.e. the Post-Planting, and Post-harvesting questionnaires. For each season, agricultural households are interviewed twice: during the post-planting and the post-harvesting visit.

The questionnaire used during the post-planting season is called "Form 4 - Crop Area Module" and collects information on:

1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics; 2) Agricultural enterprises undertaken by the household in the current agricultural season; 3) Land use (Parcel and plots used by the agricultural households) i.e. Access to land, land use rights, decision making, land area, seed/seedlings utilization, etc. The main objective of this questionnaire is to estimate land areas for crops planted. This is done combining objective measurement (i.e., GPS) on plots and parcels and then collecting the share of land area covered by each crop on each plot (based on farmer's assessment). In addition, the questionnaire collects information on land tenure and use of agricultural inputs. This questionnaire contains a roster of household members, a roster of parcels, a roster of plots for each parcel and a list of crops by plot.

The questionnaire used for the post-harvesting visit is called "Form 52- Crop Production, Household and Holding Characteristics Module" and collects information on: 1) Household member socio-demographic characteristics (only for new household members) 2) Crop production and disposals 3) Use of agricultural inputs for crop production 4) Cost of labour used for crop production 5) Labour input used on the agricultural household 6) Animal raised on the holding 7) Inputs used for livestock production 8) Livestock production and dispositions 9) Access to agricultural information 10) Access to means of transportation 11) Access to storage facilities 12) Access to agricultural credit 13) Fixed costs of the agricultural household 14) Shocks and food security of the agricultural household 15) Access to extension services 16) Land disputes

The main objective of this questionnaire is to collect data on crops harvested by agricultural households, based on farm declarations. In addition, the questionnaire collects information concerning the disposition of crops, labour input and use of inputs such as seed/seedlings. Furthermore, it aims to collect livestock capital, animal production and inputs over a 12-month reference period, thus covering the entire agricultural year.

The post-harvesting questionnaire also collects information concerning household and holding characteristics, such as the access to market and agricultural information, household food security, shocks and their impact on food security etc.

Cleaning operations

All data cleaning and editing operations were performed using the statistical software Stata. The anonymization process has been carried out with the aid of the statistical software R and the package sdcMicro with functions for risk measurement and the application of SDC methods.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 86% during the PP visit, and the 83% during the PH visit.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of a survey results depends on both sampling and non-sampling errors. The AAS 2018 had a large enough and representative sample hence limiting errors due to sampling. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors usually resulting from errors occurring during data collection, were controlled thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarter team, and a well-developed CAPI program. The standard errors and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI & sub-regional levels are presented in an Appendix of the final Survey Report.

Abstract

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS) is an integrated modular survey aiming to provide high quality and timely data on the performance of the Ugandan agricultural sector, as well as core indicators on crop and livestock for better agricultural policy making. Data collection for the AAS is implemented in two waves, corresponding to the first (January-June) and second (July-December) seasons of the Ugandan agricultural year. For each visit, households in the survey's sample are interviewed twice, during the visit1 period and visit2. This results in a total of two visits during the agricultural year. The data collection activities were delayed by the pandemic. Among information collected with the AAS there is data on: The quantity and value of agricultural production; The access to extension services, market information and agricultural facility; Livestock keeping and animal products production; The socio-demographic characteristics of agricultural household members. The collected data is used to produce a set of tables and indicators for tracking and evaluating the impacts of government and development programs on agriculture, and to compute SDG and CAADP indicators related to food and agriculture. For the main findings from the AAS 2020, see the Executive Summary of the AAS 2020 Report (see external resources section)

Geographic coverage

The AAS is a national survey representative at the regional, sub-regional and zardi level. The National territory has been divided in 10 ZARDIs which are aligned to 10 Agro-ecological zones in Uganda. Each agro-ecological zone includes districts with similar climate, land use and cropping patterns. The following are the 10 Zardis considered for the AAS: Abi: districts included are Arua, Nebbi, Moyo, Adjumani, Koboko, Yumbe, Maracha-Terego and Zombo; Buginyanya: districts included are Sironko, Mbale, Iganga, Jinja, Tororo, Mayuge, Namutumba, Namayingo, Luuka,Kamuli, Kaliro, Buyende, Bugiri, Pallisa, Kibuku, Butaleja, Busia, Budaka, Manafwa, Kween, Kapchorwa, Bulambuli, Bukwo and Bududa; Bulindi: districts included are Hoima, Masindi, Kiryandongo, Kibaale, and Buliisa; Kachwekano: districts included are Kabale, Rukungiri, Kanungu and Kisoro; Mukono: districts included are Mukono, Mpigi, Kayunga, Kalangala, Kampala, Luwero, Masaka, Nakasongola, Mubende, Wakiso, Nakaseke, Buikwe, Buvuma, Mityana, Kiboga, Kyankwanzi, Gombe, Kalungu, Bukomansimbi, Butambala and Lwengo; Ngetta: districts included are Lira, Apac, Dokolo, Lamwo, Nwoya, Agago, Albetong, Amolatar, Kole, Otuke, Oyam, Pader,Kitgum, Amuru and Gulu;

Analysis unit

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Universe

Agricultural households (i.e. agricultural holdings in the household sector)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A two-stage sampling design was adopted for the AAS 2020. To increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame was stratified into 10 ZARDIs. In each stratum, the first stage was the selection of the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), which is the EA (enumerator area) and the second stage was the selection of the Secondary Sampling Unit (SSU), which are the Ag HHs. The survey covered households cultivating crops and/or raising livestock, including households that were cultivating a few crops or raising a limited number of animals. No minimum threshold on the amount of land cultivated or animals raised was set nor did the survey aim to generate estimates concerning aquaculture, forestry and fisheries. Sample size The survey generated national, regional and sub-regional level estimates. A sample of 593 EAs and an average of 12 Ag HHs were selected from each EA.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The Annual Agricultural Survey (AAS 2020) adopted three main questionnaires: the post-planting (PP), the post-harvest (PH) and the livestock and holding questionnaires. Normally, the PP and PH questionnaires are administered each season, while the livestock and holding questionnaire is administered at the end of the second season and covers the entire agricultural year. Nonetheless, in the AAS 2020, a different survey calendar was adopted due to movement limitations imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cleaning operations

All the data captured from the field were stored in the cloud with a local backup. Editing and validation was done electronically using STATA software.

Response rate

The response rate was about the 94.5 %.

Sampling error estimates

The accuracy of the survey results depends on the sampling and the non-sampling errors. The AAS 2020 had a large enough and representative sample to limit sampling errors. On the other hand, the non-sampling errors, usually errors that arise during data collection, were controlled through thorough training of the data collectors, field supervision by the headquarters team, and a well-developed CAPI programme. The Coefficients of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Intervals (CIs) for selected indicators at national, ZARDI and sub-regional levels are presented in the Annex tables.