In 2023, South Africa and Nigeria had the highest number of deaths due to AIDS worldwide, with around ** thousand and ** thousand such deaths, respectively. African countries account for eight of the top 10 countries with the highest number of AIDS-related deaths worldwide. AIDS-related deaths worldwide have been gradually declining over the past decade, decreasing from *** million deaths in 2010 to *** thousand deaths in 2023. HIV/AIDS HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is an infectious sexually transmitted disease that is transmitted via exposure to infected semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids and breast milk. HIV weakens the human immune system, resulting in the affected person being unable to fight off opportunistic infections. The top 15 countries worldwide with the highest prevalence of new HIV infections as of 2023 were all African. HIV treatment Although there is currently no effective cure for HIV, death can be prevented by taking HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART). Access to antiretroviral therapy worldwide has significantly increased in the past decade. As of 2023, around **** million people with HIV worldwide were receiving ART. The leading countries with the highest percentage of HIV-infected children who were receiving ART were Eswatini, Kenya, and Lesotho.