Among selected Latin American countries, Colombia had the highest share of indigenous population with an average per capita income below the extreme poverty line, at 46.8 percent. Ecuador followed second, with 28.5 percent of indigenous people living in extreme poverty. Those two countries also had the highest share of indigenous people living in poverty.

Among Latin American countries in 2023, Colombia had the highest share of both Afro-descendants and indigenous people living impoverished, with 45.6 percent and 63.5 percent, respectively. Additionally, Colombia also had the highest share of indigenous people living under extreme poverty that year. Ecuador had the second-highest share of indigenous population whose average per capita income was below the poverty line, with 50.4 percent. Uruguay was the only nation where Afro-descendants were the ethnic group with the largest share of the poor population, as in the other selected countries such group was indigenous people.