From 1990 to 2024, the population of the city of Rio de Janeiro grew almost every year, from approximately 5.5 million to 6.7 million residents, which is an increase of 22 percent. The data shows several fluctuations; however, these may be attributed to changes in methodology. It is unclear whether the changes shown in the 2022 census are due to counting methodologies, or if it is representative of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Growth of the population The city of Rio de Janeiro has consistently had a higher birth rate than the death rate, although the gap between these two indicators is narrowing. In 2023, 9.3 births were registered per 1,000 inhabitants of Rio, while in the same period a rate of 8.4 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants was reported. The surrounding of the city Considering the entire metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, the region is home to approximately 13 million people. Rio's population is aging, with about eight million people over the age of 30 and half this value between the ages of 30 and 49. In the most recent census, whites made up nearly 44 percent of the population, followed by Pardo Brazilians, who composed about 37 percent of all residents.