The U.S. banking industry recorded its lowest quarterly net operating income during the fourth quarter of 2008, posting a loss of **** billion U.S. dollars amid the global financial crisis. In subsequent years, the average quarterly income of FDIC-insured institutions showed an overall upward trend, despite periodic fluctuations. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a sharp decline in earnings during the first half of 2020, though the sector recovered and stabilized by late 2021. Following this recovery, the industry experienced another period of declining quarterly income. However, earnings began to rebound toward the end of 2022. The net income of the sector remained stable throughout 2024, and in the first quarter of 2025, the quarterly net income was **** billion U.S. dollars.