Abstract

The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.

An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage

National, excluding military restricted areas

Analysis unit

Individual, Household, Children Under Five-Years of Age, Ever Married Women 15-49 Years of Age

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame: Federal Bureau of Statistics has developed its own urban area frame, which was up-dated in 2003. Each city/town has been divided into enumeration blocks consisting of 200-250 households identifiable through sketch map. Each enumeration block has been classified into three categories of income groups i.e. low, middle and high keeping in view the living standard of the majority of the people. List of villages published by Population Census Organization obtained as a consequence of Population Census 1998 has been taken as rural frame.

Stratification Plan: A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur Peshawar and Quetta, have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized city (s), the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum. B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated as an independent stratum.

Sample Size and Its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 74420 households comprising 5204 sample village/enumeration blocks, which is expected to produce reliable results at each district. However, the total sample size including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), Northern Area (NA) and FATA is 76520 households.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.

Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages and enumeration blocks in urban and rural areas respectively have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique. Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban area have been selected respectively using systematic sampling technique with a random start.

Detailed sampling plan is attached as Appendix A of the survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round I include education, health, immunisation, diarrhoea, its treatment, and pre and post-natal care, housing conditions and access to basic services and amenities. Information on utilisation of Health and Educational facilities in rural PSUs has also been collected and outcome of which will be made part of provincial/district level reports.

Cleaning operations

Regional/Field Offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. Data entry programme used had a number of built-in consistency checks.

Response rate

Non-response in the entire survey is negligible.

Data appraisal

To determine the reliability of the estimates, Coefficient of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Limits of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached as Appendix B of the survey report.

Abstract

The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) in the overall context of MDGs. It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.

An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage

National, excluding military restricted areas

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Household

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame: Federal Bureau of Statistics has developed its own urban area frame, which was up-dated in 2003. Each city / town has been divided into enumeration blocks consisting of 200-250 households identifiable through sketch map. Each enumeration block has been classified into three categories of income groups i.e. low, middle and high, keeping in view the living standard of the majority of the people. List of villages published by Population Census Organization obtained as a consequence of Population Census 1998 has been taken as rural frame.

Stratification Plan: A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Peshawar and Quetta have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized cities, the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum. B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated as an independent stratum.

Sample Size and Its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 75,188 households comprising 5,298 sample villages / enumeration blocks, which is expected to produce reliable results at each district.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.

Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages and enumeration blocks in urban and rural areas respectively have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique.

Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban areas have been selected respectively using systematic sampling technique with a random start.

Detailed Sampling Frame for PSLM 2008-09 can be seen at Appendix A

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round I include education, health, immunisation, diarrhoea, its treatment, and pre and post-natal care, housing conditions and access to basic services and amenities. Information on utilisation of Health and Educational facilities in rural PSUs has also been collected and outcome of which will be made part of provincial/district level reports.

Cleaning operations

Data quality in PSLM Survey has been ensured through built-in system of checking of fieldwork by the supervisors in the field as well as teams from the headquarters. Regional/Field Offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. The entire data entry was carried out at the FBS headquarter, Islamabad and the data entry programme used had a number of in-built consistency checks.

Data appraisal

To determine the reliability of the estimates, Coefficient of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Limits of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached as Appendix B of the survey report.

Abstract

The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.

An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage

National, excluding military restricted areas.

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Household

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) has developed its own area sampling frame for both Urban and Rural domains. Each city/town is divided into enumeration blocks. Each enumeration block is comprised of 200 to 250 households on the average with well-defined boundaries and maps. The list of enumeration blocks are updated from field on the prescribed proforma by Quick Count technique for urban domain in 2013 and the updated list of villages/mouzas/dehs or its part (block), based on House Listing 2011 for conduct of Population Census are taken as sampling frames. Enumeration blocks are considered as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) for urban and rural domains respectively.

Stratification Plan Urban Domain: Large cities Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Sialkot, Sargodha, Bahawalpur, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Peshawar, Quetta and Islamabad are considered as large cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum, further substratified according to low, middle and high income groups based on the information collected in respect of each enumeration block at the time of demarcation/ updating of urban area sampling frame. Remaining Urban Areas: In all the four provinces after excluding the population of large cities from the population of an administrative division, the remaining urban population is grouped together to form a stratum. Rural Domain: Each administrative district for all four provinces namely Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Balochistan is considered as an independent stratum.

Selection of primary sampling units (PSUs): Enumeration blocks in both Urban and rural domains are taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs from each ultimate stratum/sub-stratum are selected with probability proportional to size (PPS) method of sampling scheme. In both Urban and Rural domains, the number of households in an enumeration block is considered as measure of size.

Selection of secondary sampling units (SSUs): The listed households of sample PSUs are taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e. 12 from each urban sample PSU and 16 from rural sample PSU are selected with equal probability using systematic sampling technique with a random start.

Sample Size and its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey, the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 5428 sample blocks (PSU’s) comprising 81,992 households (SSU’s), which is expected to produce reliable results at the district level.

Detailed sampling plan is attached as Appendix A of the survey report.

Sampling deviation

It is worth mentioning here that Panjgur district of Balochistan was dropped from the scope of the survey at the allocation stage due to prevailing situation in Panjgur district. While 7 PSUs from Sindh, 13 PSUs from KP and 82 PSUs from Balochistan province ( including Kech district) were dropped from the scope of the survey during execution of the survey due to law and order situation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behavior or welfare. Data collected under Round X includes Education, Health, Water & Sanitation and Household Economic Situation & Satisfaction by facilities and services use.

Cleaning operations

Data quality in PSLM Survey has been ensured through built in system of checking of fieldwork by the supervisors in the field as well as teams from the headquarters. Regional/ Field offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. The entire data entry was carried out at the PBS headquarter Islamabad and the data entry programme used had a number of in built consistency checks.

Abstract

The Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey is one of the main mechanisms for monitoring the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It provides a set of representative, population-based estimates of social indicators and their progress under the PRSP. These include intermediate as well as 'output' measures, which assess what is being provided by the social sectors - enrolment rates in education, for example. They include a range of 'outcome' measures, which assess the welfare of the population - Immunisation Rate, for example.

An important objective of the PSLM Survey is to try to establish what the distributional impact of PRSP has been. Policymakers need to know, for example, whether the poor have benefited from the programme or whether increased government expenditure on the social sectors has been captured by the better off.

Geographic coverage

National, excluding military restricted areas

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Household

Universe

The universe of this survey consists of all urban and rural areas of the four provinces and Islamabad excluding military restricted areas.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Pakistan Bureau of Statistics has developed its own urban area frame. All urban areas comprising cities/towns have been divided into small compact areas known as enumeration blocks (EBs) identifiable through map. Each enumeration block comprises about 200-250 households and categorized into low, middle and high-income group, keeping in view the socio economic status of the majority of households. Urban area sampling frame consists of 26,698 enumeration blocks has been updated in 2003

Rural area: With regard to the rural areas, the lists of villages/mouzas/deh according to Population Census, 1998 have been used as sampling frame. In this frame, each village/mouzas/deh is identifiable by its Name, Had Bast Number, Cadastral map etc. This frame is comprised 50,588 villages/mouzas

Stratification Plan: A. Urban Domain: Islamabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sargodha, Sialkot, Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Peshawar and Quetta have been considered as large sized cities. Each of these cities constitutes a separate stratum and has further been sub-stratified according to low, middle and high-income groups. After excluding population of large sized city (s), the remaining urban population in each district in all the provinces has been grouped together to form a stratum. B. Rural Domain: Each district in the four provinces of Pakistan has been treated an independent stratum.

Sample Size and its Allocation: Keeping in view the objectives of the survey, the sample size for the four provinces has been fixed at 5,438 sample villages / enumeration blocks (PSU’s) comprising 77,764 households (SSU’s), which is expected to produce reliable results at the district level.

Sample Design: A two-stage stratified sample design has been adopted in this survey.

Selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs): Villages in rural areas and enumeration blocks in urban areas have been taken as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs). Sample PSUs have been selected from strata/sub-strata with PPS method of sampling technique. Village wise population of 1998 census and enumeration block wise number of households collected in 2002-03 updation of urban sampling frame have been treated as measure of size for selection of sample PSUs in rural and urban strata, respectively.

Selection of Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs): Households within sample PSUs have been taken as Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs). A specified number of households i.e. 16 and 12 from each sample PSU of rural & urban area have been selected, respectively, using systematic sampling technique with a random start.

Sampling deviation

26 PSU’s comprising 396 households of Panjgur district and 01 PSU consisting 16 households in Karachi were dropped from the scope of the survey due to law and order situations.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

At both individual and household level, the PSLM Survey collects information on a wide range of topics using an integrated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises a number of different sections, each of which looks at a particular aspect of household behaviour or welfare. Data collected under Round VIII includes Education, Health, Water Supply & Sanitation and Household Economic Situation & Satisfaction by facilities and services use.

Cleaning operations

Data quality in PSLM Survey has been ensured through built in system of checking of fieldwork by the supervisors in the field as well as teams from the headquarters. Regional/ Field offices ensured the data quality through preliminary editing at their office level. The entire data entry was carried out at the PBS headquarter Islamabad and the data entry programme used had a number of in built consistency checks

Data appraisal

To determine the reliability of the estimates, Coefficient of Variations (CVs) and Confidence Limits of important key indicators have been worked out and are attached as Appendix B of the survey report.