Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

UNESCO is a major collector and disseminator of statistical data on education and related subjects. Its statistical activities are aimed at providing relevant, reliable and current information for development and policy-making purposes, both at the national and international levels, and the production of reliable statistical indicators for education. These indicators cover four main areas: educational population; access and participation; the efficiency and effectiveness of education; human and financial resources.
The UNESCO Education Database covers a wide range of these areas, at four main educational levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary, in accordance with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system. This system provides standard definitions for each of the four levels of education examined. UNESCO collects and collates education data according to these definitions from approximately 200 countries, and compiles them into the Education Database time series, which is published annually.

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`Educational expenditure' as presented in this data collection covers only public expenditure on public education plus subsidies for private education. This generally covers educational expenditure at every governmental level, i.e. central or federal government, and local government. Private expenditure on education and foreign aid received for education have not been included due to a lack of available data for many countries. Data are expressed in national currencies at current market prices, and data on exchange rates between national currencies and the U.S. dollar ($) and Gross National Product (GNP) are also included for reference. For most countries, single totals cover expenditure over all three ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) levels and pre-primary education (see SNs:3697-3701), except where variable notes expressly state otherwise.
Topics covered include:
Capital expenditure; includes expenditure on land, buildings, construction, equipment and loan transactions.
Current expenditure; includes administration costs, staff costs, school books and other teaching materials, scholarships, welfare services and school building maintenance.
Total expenditure; includes capital + current expenditure.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

UNESCO is a major collector and disseminator of statistical data on education and related subjects. Its statistical activities are aimed at providing relevant, reliable and current information for development and policy-making purposes, both at the national and international levels, and the production of reliable statistical indicators for education. These indicators cover four main areas: educational population; access and participation; the efficiency and effectiveness of education; human and financial resources.
The UNESCO Education Database covers a wide range of these areas, at four main educational levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary, in accordance with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system. This system provides standard definitions for each of the four levels of education examined. UNESCO collects and collates education data according to these definitions from approximately 200 countries, and compiles them into the Education Database time series, which is published annually.

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Pre-primary' education is defined by UNESCO asthe initial stages of organised instruction', and precedes the first ISCED level of education (ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education). Pre-primary educational programmes do not include playgroups, day nurseries, creches, or child-care centres in this case. The age of entry to this level varies in different countries, and in areas within some countries. The upper age limit is usually dependent on the age of entry into primary education (the first ISCED level of education). Both public and private sector pre-primary education are covered, and topics include numbers of pupils, institutions, and teachers, definable by sector and gender.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

UNESCO is a major collector and disseminator of statistical data on education and related subjects. Its statistical activities are aimed at providing relevant, reliable and current information for development and policy-making purposes, both at the national and international levels, and the production of reliable statistical indicators for education. These indicators cover four main areas: educational population; access and participation; the efficiency and effectiveness of education; human and financial resources.
The UNESCO Education Database covers a wide range of these areas, at four main educational levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary, in accordance with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system. This system provides standard definitions for each of the four levels of education examined. UNESCO collects and collates education data according to these definitions from approximately 200 countries, and compiles them into the Education Database time series, which is published annually.

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Data are available in this collection for various topics related to primary education - the first ISCED level (ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education). Primary education usually begins at age five, six or seven years and lasts for about 5 or 6 years. However, in some countries, what is termed basic' education provided at this level may last longer. Primary education programmes are designed to give pupils a sound basic education in reading, writing and arithmetic along with an elementary understanding of other subjects such as natural history, geography, natural science, social science, art and music. From the year 1994, these data also includespecial' education at primary level as part of overall totals.
Topics covered here include : number of institutions and private pupils, pupils in primary education (total, by age and by grade), total numbers of teachers (part- and full-time), and pupils repeating' grades at this level. All data are further defined by gender. <br> Users should note that 15 countries have reported an automatic promotion policy to the next grade, whether pupils have completed their education at the previous grade or not. Thus, there will be no data values forrepeaters' for these countries : Bahamas, Denmark, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Montserrat, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Sudan, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, United Kingdom and Zimbabwe.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

UNESCO is a major collector and disseminator of statistical data on education and related subjects. Its statistical activities are aimed at providing relevant, reliable and current information for development and policy-making purposes, both at the national and international levels, and the production of reliable statistical indicators for education. These indicators cover four main areas: educational population; access and participation; the efficiency and effectiveness of education; human and financial resources.
The UNESCO Education Database covers a wide range of these areas, at four main educational levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary, in accordance with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system. This system provides standard definitions for each of the four levels of education examined. UNESCO collects and collates education data according to these definitions from approximately 200 countries, and compiles them into the Education Database time series, which is published annually.

Main Topics:

Data are available in this collection for various topics related to secondary education - the second ISCED level (ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education). Entry to secondary education is generally around 11 years of age, and graduation around 16-18 years of age. Core education at the secondary level continues the basic programmes started at the primary level (see SN:3700), but usually with a more subject-oriented pattern. After three or four years of general academic education at this level, pupils may begin to specialize in vocational and technical subjects (which may or may not prepare them for employment or further technical study), or pursue a more academic programme designed to prepare them for university entrance.
Topics covered here include: pupils in secondary education (total, by age and by grade), pupils repeating grades at secondary level (by grade), teachers and pupils at secondary level by institution, and numbers of teachers at secondary level. All data are further defined by gender.