Abstract

Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labor force survey is one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic wellbeing of the population. Statistics on the labor force further present the economic activity status and its relationship to other social and economic characteristics of the population. Seasonal and other variations as well as changes over time in the size, distribution, and characteristics of employed and unemployed population can be monitored using up-to-date information from labor force surveys. It serves as an input for assessing the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Furthermore, labor force data is also useful as a springboard for monitoring and evaluation of the five years growth and transformation plan of the country.

Geographic coverage

The 2012 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS) covered all urban parts of the country except three zones of Afar, Six zones of Somali, where the residents are pastoralists.

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Universe

This survey follows household approach and covers households residing in conventional households and thus, population residing in the collective quarters such as universities/colleges, hotel/hostel, monasteries, and homeless population etc., were not covered by this survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The list of households obtained from the 2007 population and housing census was used to select EAs. A fresh list of households from each EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame to select 30 households from sample EAs.

The country was divided into two broad categories - major urban centers and other urban center categories.

Category I: In this category all regional capitals and five other major urban centers that have a high population size as compared to others were included. Each urban center in this category was considered as a reporting level. This category has a total of 16 reporting levels. To select the sample, a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. The primary sampling units were EAs of each reporting level.

Category II: Urban centers other than those under category I were grouped into this category. A stratified three stage cluster sample design was adopted to select samples from this category. The primary sampling units were urban centers and the second stage sampling units were EAs.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire was organized into seven sections. Section 1 - Area identification of the selected household Section 2 - Particulars of household members Section 3 - Economic activity status during the last seven days Section 4 - Unemployment rate and characteristics of unemployed persons Section 5 - Economic activity status the population during the last six months Section 6 - Employment in the informal sector of Employment Section 7 - Economic activity of children aged 5-17 years

A structured questionnaire was used to solicit the required data in the survey. The draft questionnaire was tested by undertaking a pretest in selected kebeles (lower administrative unit) in Addis Ababa. Based on the pretest, the content, logical flow, layout and presentation of the questionnaire was amended. The questionnaire used in the field for data collection was prepared in Amharic language. Most questions have pre coded answers and column numbers were assigned for each question.

Cleaning operations

The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry by the subject matter experts.

Using the computer edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing, or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on frequency and tabulation results. This was done by senior programmers using CSPro software in collaboration with the senior subject experts from Manpower Statistics Team of the CSA.

Response rate

Response rate was 99.68%.

Abstract

Labour force surveys are one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. These surveys provide data on the main characteristics of the work force engaged or available to be engaged in productive activities during a given period and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy. It is also useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. Moreover, it further provides an input for assessing the meeting of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the country's poverty reduction strategy framework (PASDEP-Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty). The other broad objective of statistics on the labour force is for the measurement of relationship between employment, income and other social and economic characteristics of the economically active population for the purpose of formulating, monitoring and evaluation of employment policy and programs. Seasonal and other variations and changes over time in the size and characteristics of the employment and unemployment can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys.

The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been providing labour force and related data at different levels and with varying content details. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys, and the 1984 & 1994 Population and Housing Census. A comprehensive national labour force data representing both urban and rural areas was also provided based on the 1999 and 2005 Labour Force Surveys. The 1996 and 2002 Surveys of Informal Sector and most of the household surveys also provide limited data on the area. Moreover, some information can be derived from small, large and medium scale establishment surveys.

Considering the dynamic and sensitive nature of the sector and also in response to the demands of different data users, the CSA had launched a Bi-annual Employment Unemployment Survey program starting from October 2003 GC. In this way, the Agency had conducted two rounds in October 2003 and April 2004 and the results were published in Statistical Bulletin 301 and 319. The 2005 Labour Force Survey (LFS) had been conducted to update the 1999 National Labour force survey. Here after, based on data need assessment it was decided to undertake the continuous survey annually instead of bi-annually.

Objectives of the survey The Employment and Unemployment Survey program was designed to provide statistical data on the size and characteristics of the economically active and the non-active population of the country on continuous basis. The data will be useful for policy makers, planners, researchers, and other institutions and individuals engaged in the design, implementation and monitoring of human resource development projects and the performance of the economy.

The specific objectives of this survey were to: - Up date data on the size of work force that is available to participate in production process; - Determine the status and rate of economic participation of different sub-groups of the population; - Identify those who are actually contributing to the economic development (employed) and those out of the sphere; - Determine the size and rate of unemployed population; - Provide data on the structure of the working population; - Obtain information about earnings from paid employment; - Identify the distribution of employed population in the formal/informal sector of the economy; and - Generate time series data to trace changes over time.

Geographic coverage

The 2006 Urban Annual Employment and Unemployment Survey covered only urban parts of the country. Except three zones of Afar and six zones of Somali regions, where the residents are pastoralists, all urban centers of the country were considered in this survey.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual aged 10 years and above

Universe

All households in the selected samples, except residents of collective quarters, homeless persons and foreigners.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Design and Sample Size: Information from the listing of the 2004 Urban Economic Establishment Census was utilized to develop the sampling frame for the 2006 Urban Annual Employment and Unemployment Survey. It was by taking into account of cost and precision of major variables that determination of sample size was achieved. Moreover, in order to judge precisions of major variables, the 1999 Labor Force Survey result was the main source of information that was taken into consideration.

Except Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, where all urban centers of the domain were incorporated in the survey, in other domains a three stage stratified cluster sample design was adopted to select the samples from each domain. The primary sampling units (PSU's) were urban centers selected systematically using probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 2004 Urban Economic Establishment Census. From each selected urban centers enumeration areas (EA's) were selected as a second-stage sampling unit (SSU). The selection of the SSU's was also done using probability proportional to size; size being number of households obtained from the 2004 Urban Economic Establishment Census. For each sampled EA a fresh list of households was prepared at the beginning of the survey. Thirty households from each sample EA were selected at the third stage. The survey questionnaire was finally administered to those thirty households selected at the last stage.

The selection scheme for Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa was similar to the case explained above. However, in these three domains instead of a three-stage design a two-stage stratified cluster sample design with enumeration areas as PSU and households (from the fresh list) as secondary sampling unit was used.

Note: Distribution of sampling units (planned and covered) by domain (reporting level) is given in Summary Table 2.1 of the 2006 Urban Employment Unemployment Survey report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Almost similar questionnaire that were used for the first and second rounds is administered in this survey.

The questionnaire was organized into five sections: Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section dealt with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc.,

Section - 2: Demographic characteristics of household: it consisted of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, education, status & types of training and marital status.

Section - 3: Productive activities during the last seven days: this section dealt with the status and characteristics of employed persons such as hours of work, occupation, industry, employment status, and earnings from paid employment.

Section - 4: Unemployment and characteristics of unemployed persons: the section focused on the size and characteristics of the unemployed population.

Section - 5: Economic activity during the last six months: this section covered the usual economic activity status, number of weeks of employment /unemployment and reasons for not usually working.

The questionnaire used in the field for data collection purpose was prepared in Amharic language. Both Amharic and English versions of the questionnaires are provided as external resource.

Cleaning operations

Data Editing, Coding and Verification: The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors, Statisticians and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry. After the data was entered, it was again verified using the computer.

Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation: Using the computer edit specification prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on tabulation results. Computer programs used in data entry, machine editing and tabulation were prepared using the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS).

Response rate

As regards the response rate of the survey, a total of 99 urban centers were selected and incorporated into the survey. To be covered by the survey, 527 enumeration areas was initially selected, and the survey could successfully be carried out in 525 (99.62%) out of all the 527 of the EA’s. The total number of expected households that were to be interviewed was 15,810; however, due to different reasons 235 sample households were not interviewed. As a result only 15,575 households were actually covered by the survey, which made the ultimate response rate of the survey 98.51 %.

Sampling error estimates

Estimation procedures of total, ratio and

Abstract

Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labour force survey is one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. Statistics on the labour force further deals with the measurement of economic activity status and its relationship between other social and economic characteristics of the population. Seasonal and other variations as well as changes over time in the size and characteristics of the employment and unemployment can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys. It is also an input for assessing the meeting of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Furthermore, data on economic activity and other labour force data would be used as a springboard for monitoring and evaluation of the five years growth and transformation plan that launched at different levels of the country.

In order to fill the gap in data requirement for the purpose of socio-economic development planning, monitoring and evaluation, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been providing labour force and related data at different levels with various contents and details. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys (RLFS). Also, the 1984, 1994 and 2007 Population and Housing Censuses and the 1999 and 2005 National Labour Force Surveys provided a comprehensive national labour force data representing both urban and rural areas.

The survey results mainly provide data on the main characteristics of employed and unemployed, that is, the work force engaged or available to be engaged in the production of economic goods and services and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy during a given reference period.

To capture child labour data, the former minimum age limit 10 years was lower down to 5 years during the survey periods May 2009 and May 2010. Therefore, the data in these surveys was collected from those persons aged five years and over. However, for the purpose of measuring the economic activity status based on Ethiopian situation the lower age limit was fixed at ten years. This is because children in rural and urban areas used to work at their early age such as collection of fire wood, looking after cattle, shoeshine, street vendor, petty trading…etc. Therefore, the May 2010 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey statistical report is mainly aimed at providing information on the economic characteristics of the population aged ten years and over.

In addition, a separate section that deals with filtering question for informal employment sector were also attached to the main questionnaire as a module. Except this section, almost similar questions that were used for the fourth round are administered in this series.

Geographic coverage

The 2010 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS) covered all urban parts of the country except three zones of Afar, Six zones of Somali, where the residents are pastoralists.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual aged 10 years and above

Universe

This survey follows household approach and covers households residing in conventional households and thus, population residing in the collective quarters such as universities/colleges, hotel/hostel, monasteries and homeless population etc., are not covered by this survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING FRAME The list of households obtained from the 2007 population and housing census is used to select EAs. A fresh list of households from each EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame in order to select households from sample EAs.

SAMPLE DESIGN For the purpose of the survey the country was divided into two broad categories. That is major urban center and other urban center categories.

Category I:- Major urban centers:- In this category all regional capitals and four other major urban centers that have a high population size as compared to others were included. Each urban center in this category was considered as a reporting level. The category has a total of 15 reporting levels. In this category, in order to select the sample, a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. The primary sampling units were EAs of each reporting level. From each sample EA 30 households were then selected as a Second Stage Unit (SSU).

Category II:- Other urban centers: Urban centers in the country other than those under category I were grouped into this category. A domain of other urban centers is formed for each region. Consequently 8 reporting levels were formed in this category. Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa do not have urban centers other than that grouped in category I. Hence, no domain was formed for these regions under this category.

A stratified three stage cluster sample design was adopted to select samples from this category. The primary sampling units were urban centers and the second stage sampling units were EAs. From each EA 30 households were finally selected at the third stage and the survey questionnaires administered for all of them.

SAMPLE SIZE AND SELECTION SCHEME Category I: - In this category 394 EAs and 11,820 households were selected. Sample EAs from each reporting level in this category were selected using probability proportional to size systematic sampling; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 population and housing census. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey, 30 households per EA were systematically selected and covered by the study.

Category II:- 81 urban centers, 266 EAs and 7,980 households were selected in this category. Urban centers from each domain and EAs from each urban center were selected using probability proportional to size systematic method; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and housing census. From the listing of each EA then 30 households were systematically selected and the study performed on them.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire is organized into six sections; Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section deals with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc. Section - 2: Particulars of household members: it consists of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, educational status, types of training and marital status. Section - 3: Economic activity during the last seven days: this section deal with whether persons were engaged in productive activities or not during the last seven days prior to date of interview, the status and characteristics of employed persons such as occupation, industry, employment status, hours of work, employment sector /formal and informal employment/ and earnings from paid employment. Section - 4: Unemployment rate and characteristics of unemployed persons: this section focuses on the size, distribution and characteristics of the unemployed population and unemployment rate only for those aged 10 years and over. Section - 5: Economic activity during the last six months: this section contains information on the economic activity status of the population in the long reference period or during the last six months.
Section - 6: Economic activity of children aged 5-17 years: this section consists of information on the participation of children aged 5-17 years in the economic activities, whether attending education, reason for not attending education…etc.

Cleaning operations

The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry by the subject matter experts.

Using the computer edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on frequency and tabulation results. This was done by senior programmers using CSPro software in collaboration with the senior subject experts from Manpower Statistics Team of the CSA.

Response rate

It was initially planned to cover 660 EAs and 19800 households in the survey, but ultimately 100% of EAs and 99.7% of households were successfully covered.

Abstract

Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labour force survey is one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. It is also an input for assessing the meeting of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the country's poverty reduction strategy framework for PASDEP (Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty). Statistics on the labour force further deals with the measurement and the relationship between employment, income and other social and economic characteristics of the economically active and non active population. Seasonal and other variations as well as changes over time in the size and characteristics of the employment and unemployment can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys.

Thus, data on economic activity together with other labour force data would be of a springboard for a clear formulation, monitoring and evaluation of employment policies, programs and strategies on human resource development and various socio-economic plans at different levels in the country. This survey results provide data on the main characteristics of the work force engaged or available to be engaged in the production of economic goods and services and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy during a given reference period. Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labour force survey is one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. It is also an input for assessing the meeting of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the country's poverty reduction strategy framework for PASDEP (Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty). Statistics on the labour force further deals with the measurement and the relationship between employment, income and other social and economic characteristics of the economically active and non active population. Seasonal and other variations as well as changes over time in the size and characteristics of the employment and unemployment can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys.

Thus, data on economic activity together with other labour force data would be of a springboard for a clear formulation, monitoring and evaluation of employment policies, programs and strategies on human resource development and various socio-economic plans at different levels in the country. This survey results provide data on the main characteristics of the work force engaged or available to be engaged in the production of economic goods and services and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy during a given reference period.

Objectives of the Survey: The 2009 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey program was designed to provide statistical data on the characteristics and size of the economic activity status i.e. employed, unemployed and the non-active population of the country at urban levels on annual basis. The data obtained from this survey will be useful for policy makers, planners, researchers, and other institutions and individuals engaged in the design, implementation and monitoring of human resource development projects and to assess and understand the performance of the economy.

The specific objectives of the 2009 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey are: - collect statistical data on the potential manpower and those who are available to take part in various socio-economic activities; - up date the data and determine the size and distribution of the labour force participation and the status of economic activity for different sub-groups of the population; and also to study the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of these groups; - identify those who are actually contributing to the economic development (working population) and those out of the sphere the economy; - identify the size, distribution and characteristics of employed population i.e. working in the formal or informal employment sector of the economy and earnings for paid employees, type of occupation and Industry...etc; - provide data that can be used to assess the situation of women's employment or the participation of women in the labour force; - provide data on the size, characteristics and distribution of unemployed population and rate of unemployment; - identify the size and characteristics of children aged 5-17 years that were engaged in economic activities; - provide the generated time series data to trace changes over time

Geographic coverage

The 2009 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS) covered only urban parts of the country. Except three zones of Afar, six zones of Somali, where the residents are pastoralists all urban centers of the country were considered in this survey.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual aged 10 years and above

Universe

This survey follows household approach and covers households residing in conventional households and thus, population residing in the collective quarters such as universities/colleges, hotel/hostel, monasteries and homeless population etc., are not covered by this survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Frame: The list of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census is used to select EAs. A fresh list of households from each EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame in order to select households from sample EAs.

Sample Design: For the purpose of the survey the country was divided into two broad categories. That is major urban center and other urban center categories. Category I:- Major urban centers:- In this category all regional capitals and four other major urban centers that have a high population size as compared to others were included. Each urban center in this category was considered as a reporting level. The category has a total of 15 reporting levels. In this category, in order to select the sample, a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. The primary sampling units were EAs of each reporting level. Then from each sample EA 30 households were selected as a Second Stage Unit (SSU).

Category II: - Other urban centers: Urban centers in the country other than those under category I were grouped into this category. A domain of other urban centers is formed for each region. Consequently 8 reporting levels were formed in this category. Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa do not have urban centers other the one previously that grouped in category I. Hence, no domain was formed for these regions under this category.

A stratified three stage cluster sample design was adopted to select samples from this category II. The primary sampling units were other urban centers and the second stage sampling units were EAs. From each EA 30 households were finally selected at the third stage and the survey questionnaires administered to all of them.

Sample Size and Selection Scheme Category I:- In this category 371 EAs and 11,130 households were selected. Sample EAs from each reporting level in this category were selected using probability proportional to size systematic sampling; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 population and housing census. From the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey, 30 households per EA were systematically selected and covered by the study.

Category II:- 82 urban centers, 270 EAs and 8,100 households were selected in this category. Urban centers from each domain and EAs from each urban center were selected using probability proportional to size systematic method; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and housing census. From the listing of each EA then 30 households were systematically selected and the study performed on the 30 households ultimately selected.

The distribution of planned and covered EAs and households and the Estimation procedures are given in the appendix in the final report.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire is organized into six sections; Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section deals with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc. Section - 2: Particulars of household members: it consists of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, educational status, types of training and marital status. Section - 3: Economic activity during the last seven days: this section deal with whether persons were engaged in productive activities or not during the last seven days prior to date of interview, the status and characteristics of employed persons such as occupation, industry, employment status, hours of work, employment sector /formal and informal employment/ and earnings from paid employment. Section - 4: Unemployment rate and characteristics

Abstract

Statistical information on all aspects of the population is vital for the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of economic and social development plan and policy issues. Labour force survey is one of the most important sources of data for assessing the role of the population of the country in the economic and social development process. It is useful to indicate the extent of available and unutilized human resources that must be absorbed by the national economy to ensure full employment and economic well being of the population. Statistics on the labour force further present the measurement of economic activity status and its relationship to other social and economic characteristics of the population. Seasonal and other variations as well as changes over time in the size and characteristics of employed and unemployed populations that can be monitored using up-to-date information from labour force surveys. It serves as an input for assessing the meeting of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Furthermore, labour force datais also used as a springboard for monitoring and evaluation of the five years growth and transformation plan of a country.

Despite the significance of the labopur force data, the availability of reliable and timely labour force data were inadequate. The lack of reliable and timely data on different aspects of the population hinders the monitoring and evaluation of changes of developmental activities.

In order to fill the gap in data requirement for the purpose of socio-economic development planning, monitoring and evaluation, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been providing labour force and related data at different levels with various contents and details. These include the 1976 Addis Ababa Manpower and Housing Sample Survey, the 1978 Survey on Population and Housing Characteristics of Seventeen Major Towns, the 1980/81 and 1987/88 Rural Labour Force Surveys (RLFS). Also, the 1984, 1994 and 2007 Population and Housing Censuses and the 1999 and 2005 National Labour Force Surveys provided a comprehensive national labour force data representing both urban and rural areas.

The survey results mainly provide data on the main characteristics of employed and unemployed population, that is, the work force engaged or available to be engaged in the production of economic goods and services and its distribution in the various sectors of the economy during a given reference period.

In addition, data on economic activities of children were also collected to measure child labour in urban areas. For this purpose, the former minimum age limit 10 years was lower down to 5 years since May 2009. Therefore, the data in this survey were collected from those persons aged five years and over. However, for the purpose of measuring the economic activity status based on Ethiopian situation, the lower age limit was fixed in to ten years. This is because children in rural and urban areas used to work at their early age such as collection of fire wood, looking after cattle, shoeshine, street vendor, petty trading…etc. Thus, the May 2011 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey statistical report is mainly aimed at provide information on the economic characteristics of the population aged ten years and over.

Furthermore, the 2011 UEUS provide data on employment on the informal sector, their spatial distribution and problem in the sector.

Geographic coverage

The 2011 Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS) covered all urban parts of the country except three zones of Afar, Six zones of Somali, where the residents are pastoralists.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual aged 10 years and above

Universe

The survey follows household approach and covers households residing in conventional households and thus, population residing in the collective quarters such as universities/colleges, hotel/hostel, monasteries and homeless population etc., are not covered by this survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLING FRAME The list of households obtained from the 2007 population and housing census is used to select EAs. A fresh list of households from each EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. The list was then used as a frame in order to select 30 households from sample EAs.

SAMPLE DESIGN For the purpose of the survey the country was divided into two broad categories. That is major urban center and other urban center categories. Category I:- Major urban centers:- In this category all regional capitals and five other major urban centers that have a high population size as compared to others were included. Each urban center in this category was considered as a reporting level. The category has a total of 16 reporting levels. In this category, in order to select the sample, a stratified two-stage cluster sample design was implemented. The primary sampling units were EAs of each reporting level. From each sample EA 30 households were then selected as a Second Stage Unit (SSU).

Category II:- Other urban centers: Urban centers in the country other than those under category I were grouped into this category. A domain of other urban centers is formed for each region. Consequently 8 reporting levels were formed in this category. Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa do not have urban centers other than that grouped in category I. Hence, no domain was formed for these regions under this category.

A stratified three stage cluster sample design was also adopted to select samples from this category. The primary sampling units were urban centers and the second stage sampling units were EAs. From each EA 30 households were selected at the third stage and the survey questionnaires administered for all of them.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The survey questionnaire is organized into six sections; Section - 1: Area identification of the selected household: this section deals with area identification of respondents such as region, zone, wereda, etc. Section - 2: Particulars of household members: it consists of the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population such as age, sex, educational status, types of training and marital status. Section - 3: Economic activity during the last seven days: this section deal with whether persons were engaged in productive activities or not during the last seven days prior to date of interview, the status and characteristics of employed persons such as occupation, industry, employment status, hours of work, employment sector /formal and informal employment/ and earnings from paid employment. Section - 4: Unemployment rate and characteristics of unemployed persons: this section focuses on the size, distribution and characteristics of the unemployed population and unemployment rate only for those aged 10 years and over. Section - 5: Economic activity during the last six months: this section contains information on the economic activity status of the population in the long reference period or during the last six months.
Section - 6: Economic activity of children aged 5-17 years: this section consists of information on the participation of children aged 5-17 years in the economic activities, whether attending education, reason for not attending education…etc.

Cleaning operations

The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the field supervisors and the heads of branch statistical offices have checked the filled-in questionnaires and carried out some editing. However, the major editing and coding operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry by the subject matter experts.

Using the computer edit specifications prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. This is an important part of data processing operation in attaining the required level of data quality. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on frequency and tabulation results. This was done by senior programmers using CSPro software in collaboration with the senior subject experts from Manpower Statistics Team of the CSA.

Response rate

It was initially planned to cover 660 EAs and 19,800 households in the survey, but ultimately 100% of EAs and 99.68% of households were successfully covered.