Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

This survey covers Mexico.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Mexico covers national population, aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Stratified random sample. The strata are:

1) the Autonomous Communities and 2) Municipalities grouped by population size. Random selection of municipalities and electoral districts within each municipal stratum and Autonomous Community. Household selection through random route procedures within each electoral district. Final selection of respondent in each household based on gender and age quotas or on Kish's Tables.

The sample size is N=1837 and includes national population, aged 18 years and over, for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire is available on paper.

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2,3%

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers Mexico.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Mexico covers national population aged 18 years and over for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Mexico 2005 survey used a multi-stage sampling procedure. Interviewers selected an adult using a random selection method. However, we also employed control quotas according to sex and age this practice was more common in rural areas, where the male population is more difficult to find at home during interviewing hours. Interviewers made sure that respondents were at least 18 years old, that they lived in the selected household. Interviews were all conducted in-home.

Remarks about sampling: The first stage was the selection of polling points based on the list of electoral sections defined by the Federal Elections Institute. The sections were previously stratified as urban (70 percent), and rural and mixed (30 percent). Each section is relatively homogeneous in size, with about 1,092 registered voters in 63,810 sections that cover all the countrys adult population. Respondents included, of course, also adults nonregistered as voters. We selected 130 electoral sections in a systematically random fashion in each stratum, based on the list arranged proportionally to size of population. In the second stage we selected the household with a systematic random selection, based on a standard strategy of walking around the housing districts selected in the sample. In the third stage, interviewers selected an adult respondent in each household. We used control quotas based on sex and age in districts where random selection of interviewers was disproportionately leaning towards a specific group. Each polling point represents 12 interviews, and quota control established that 6 were male respondents and 6 women respondents, to ensure an appropriate distribution, especially in areas where some specific group is difficult to reach during the hours of interviewing (i.e. rural towns and communities). The Mexican countryside presents problems, for example, to reach male populations during the day in their households. In terms of age, the following quotas were employed where needed: 4 out of 12 were 18 to 29 years old; 5 out of 12 were 30 to 49 years old, and 3 out of 12 were 50 years old or older. We substituted four of the originally selected addresses; three in rural areas and one in an urban area. In the rural cases, the interviewers were not able to get to them because of the absence of roads and transportation. In the urban case, the polling point was substituted because the neighborhood represented serious safety problems at the time of the survey. All the polling points were substituted with addresses with the same socioeconomic level, in the same region, state and electoral district. Substitution of households and respondents were also employed, in the cases where either one of them was registered as a no contact or a refusal and remained under those categories after call backs or returns. Interviewers kept record of non response items (no contact, refusals, suspension) at every time.

The sample size for Mexico is N=1560 and includes the national population aged 18 years and over for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

English and Spanish Questionnaires. The Mexico 2005 questionnaire includes these additional questions:

• Main television news broadcast R watches: v229a (placed between v229 Rs information sources and v230 how often R uses a personal computer).
• Voting intentions for President: v233b to v233c (placed between v233 party R would never vote for and v234 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003). In this question, interviewers used a secret-ballot method with the names of the candidates and the party logos.
• Party identification: v233a (placed between v222 party R would never vote for and v223 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003)
• Items on Mexicos economic relationships: v234a to v234d (placed between v234 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003 and v235 gender.
• Items on the relationship between Mexico and United States: v234a to v234d (placed between v234 party R voted for federal deputy in 2003 and v235 gender) -Items on underground economy: v247a to v247c (placed between v247 Does R supervise people in his job and v248 Is R the chief wage earner) v248 Is R the chief wage earner)

Response rate

Total number of starting names/addresses (electoral sections) 130 No contact at selected address (households) 1759 No contact with selected person 1084 Refusal at selected address 667 Personal refusal by selected respondent 824 Full productive interview 1560 Break Off 52 No elegible respondent 357 Quota filled 999

Remarks about non-response: Electoral sections are a reliable sampling unit in Mexico. Between 95 and 97 percent of all adult population is reachable using the electoral sections as sampling frame. The sample distribution in Mexico does not appear to have any known limitations. Non response rate is 70%, including no contacts and refusals.

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones. The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

This survey covers Mexico.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The WVS for Mexico covers national population, aged 16 years and over, for both sexes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample size for Mexico is N=1510 and includes national population, aged 16 and over, for both sexes.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The WVS questionnaire was in Spanish. Some special variable labels have been included, such as: V56 Neighbours: Jews and V149 Institution: Free Commerce Treaty. Special categories labels are: V167 Least liked groups: is compatible with codebook and V179: Religion: Religion has different codes. We have recoded to match WVS official codes. V217 Education is compatible with codebook. We have recoded: 0 (No answer) 99. Country Specific variables included are: V208: Ethnic identification, 1. Sobre todo soy latino, 2. Sobre todo soy mestizo, 3. Sobre todo soy español, 4. Sobre todo soy indígena 5. Primero Mexicano, luego uno de los anteriores, 9. DK; V209: Language at home: 1. English, 2. Spanish, 3. French, 4. Chinese and 5. Japanese. The variables political parties V210 a V212; Ethic group: V 233 and Region: V 234 and V235 Interview language are also included as country specific variables.

Sampling error estimates

+/- 2,6%

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.

The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones.

The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

National.

Analysis unit

Household Individual

Universe

National Population, Both sexes,18 and more years.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample size: 1535

It was a multi-stage sampling procedure. The first stage was the selection of polling points based on the list of electoral sections defined by the Federal Elections Institute. The sections were previously stratified as urban (70 percent) and rural (30 percent). Each section is relatively homogeneous in size, with about 800 registered voters in 63,619 sections that cover all the countrys adult population. Respondents included, of course, also adults non registered as voters. We selected 155 electoral sections in a systematically random fashion in each stratum, based on the list arranged proportionally to size of population. In the second stage we selected the household with a systematic random selection, based on a standard strategy of walking around the housing districts selected in the sample. In the third stage, interviewers selected adult respondent in each household. Interviewers selected an adult using random selection method. Also control quotas according to age and gender in districts where random selection of interviewers was disproportionately leaning towards a specific group. The selected people was at least 18 years old, had to live in the household, and in middle-upper class districts. The interviewers made sure that no domestic employees were interviewed. Interviews were not applied in business or offices, unless they were the same as the respondents home. Substitution was permitted. The interviewers were not able to get to it (the town of Juan N. Méndez in the state of Puebla) because of the absence of roads and transportation. It was substituted with a more accessible town (Olintla) with the same socio-economic level, in the same region, state and electoral district. Substitution of households and respondents were also employed, in the case where either one of them was registered as a no contact or a refusal and remained under those categories after call backs or returns.

Remarks about sampling: - Final numbers of clusters or sampling points: 155 - Sample unit from office sampling: Address.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The WVS questionnaire was translated from the English questionnaire by a member of the research team. The Mexican questionnaire for 2000 WVS was based on previous versions used in 1990 and 1995 in México. The translated questionnaire was back-translated into English and the translated questionnaire was also pre-tested in a pilot study. It was carried out 40 interviews, 30 of those administered in rural areas in order to check how language and visual cards worked. The other 10 interviews were conducted in urban areas according to our usual fieldwork requirements. The four states where the pilot study was carried out are located in the central part of the country. Some questions caused particular problems, rather than translation problems were the meaning of it: Variable V163 rates the political system as it was under the former regimes or 10 years ago, depending on the country. The Mexican translation referred to 10 years ago, when the PRI did not have any competition. There have been some country-specific questions included such as items on media exposure: v217 a to v217f; items on Mexicos economic ties with the United States: v222a to v222I aand Party identification v222m to v222p. The sample was designed to be representative of the entire adult population, i.e. 18 years and older, of your country. The lower age cut-off for the sample was 18 and there was an upper age cut-off for the sample 94 years. Some sampling points included indigenous communities. We did not administer interviews in a language other than Spanish. This may caused some selected respondents to decline the interview, since they did not speak Spanish but an indigenous language. This problem was minimal.

Response rate

The survey had a non-response rate of 34% (14% refusals, 19% no-contacts, and 1% incomplete interviews which were not included in the sample). Based on selection during fieldwork the sample overrepresets the highest category of education, which tends to be common in México: more highly educated people are likely to respond survey questionnaires. The data were weighted by education according to census estimates prior to the 2000 census figures were released.

Sampling error estimates

Estimated error: 2.6

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.

The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones.

The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

National.

Analysis unit

Household Individual

Universe

National Population, Both sexes,18 and more years

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample size: 2000

The Mexico 2012 survey is based a multi-stage sampling procedure. In a first stage, 200 polling points were randomly selected from the full list of electoral sections defined by the Federal Elections Institute (IFE), considering a stratification of urban, rural and mixed sections also defined by IFE. The proportions of the strata are: 68% urban, 12% mixed, and 20% rural. In a second stage, the Institute’s cartography was used to randomly select blocks within each section. In third stage, interviewers selected homes randomly within each block. In a fourth stage, a respondent was selected in each home following quotas based on sex and age. A total of 10 respondents were selected in each section.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

For each wave, suggestions for questions are solicited by social scientists from all over the world and a final master questionnaire is developed in English. Since the start in 1981 each successive wave has covered a broader range of societies than the previous one. Analysis of the data from each wave has indicated that certain questions tapped interesting and important concepts while others were of little value. This has led to the more useful questions or themes being replicated in future waves while the less useful ones have been dropped making room for new questions.

The questionnaire is translated into the various national languages and in many cases independently translated back to English to check the accuracy of the translation. In most countries, the translated questionnaire is pre-tested to help identify questions for which the translation is problematic. In some cases certain problematic questions are omitted from the national questionnaire.

WVS requires implementation of the common questionnaire fully and faithfully, in all countries included into one wave. Any alteration to the original questionnaire has to be approved by the EC. Omission of no more than a maximum of 12 questions in any given country can be allowed.

Response rate

30.3%

Sampling error estimates

Estimated error: 2.2

Abstract

The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.

The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones.

The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household Individual

Universe

National Population, Both sexes,18 and more years.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample size: 1531

The sample framework departs from the list of cities over 50,000 inhabitants. The country was divided in four great regions: Metropolitan Zone (ZM), North (N), Center (C) and South (S). Two states take part in the ZM (Distrito Federal and Mexico); 16 states in the zone N (Jalisco, Nuevo León, Guanajuato, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Aguascalientes, Sonora, Durango, Nayarit, Zacateras, Colima and Baja California Sur). The zone C is formed by 6 states (Michoacan, Guerrero, Queretaro, Morelos, Hidalgo and Tlaxcala); and, finally, in the zone S were considered 8 states (Puebla, Yucatan, Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche Oaxaca and Quintana Roo). The ZM’s population is 18.7 millions (22.2%) and it has 93% of urban population. The C’s population is 13.6 millions (16.1%) with 45% urban. The zone S has 20.2 millions (24%) with 38% urban; and the N’s population is 31.7 millions (37.7%) with 64% urban. Countrie’s estimated total population is 84.287 millions, 72% urban and 28% rural. There are 73 cities in the list, but only 42 cities were randomly selected in the sample. These cities have the number of starting points according to the total population divided for the total number of cities to have an interval. For each starting point were applied 20 questionnaires. So, cities with one, two or three starting points have 20, 40 or 60 questionnaires taken. The additional numbers of interviews in the Mexico City area (+85) come from an over-sampling of 160 questionnaires that we took in order to have a closer view of the city for our local questions (Q745-753). Those questionnaires are identified by numbers over the 1500 ‘folio’. Those 160 questionnaires are included in the tape. In sum the sample was taken from a list of 73 cities with population larger than 50,000 and 42 cities were chosen: 5 from the ZM zone, 7 from C, 11 from S and 19 from N. There were 75 starting points, and so 1500 questionnaires. The total urban population is 72% and 28% rural, proportionately, surveyed.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

For each wave, suggestions for questions are solicited by social scientists from all over the world and a final master questionnaire is developed in English. Since the start in 1981 each successive wave has covered a broader range of societies than the previous one. Analysis of the data from each wave has indicated that certain questions tapped interesting and important concepts while others were of little value. This has led to the more useful questions or themes being replicated in future waves while the less useful ones have been dropped making room for new questions.

The questionnaire is translated into the various national languages and in many cases independently translated back to English to check the accuracy of the translation. In most countries, the translated questionnaire is pre-tested to help identify questions for which the translation is problematic. In some cases certain problematic questions are omitted from the national questionnaire.

WVS requires implementation of the common questionnaire fully and faithfully, in all countries included into one wave. Any alteration to the original questionnaire has to be approved by the EC. Omission of no more than a maximum of 12 questions in any given country can be allowed.

Sampling error estimates

Estimated error: 2.6