Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP) in Vietnam was reported at 126 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The domestic credit to the private sector as a share of GDP in Vietnam saw no significant changes in 2022 in comparison to the previous year 2021 and remained at around 125.91 percent. Still, the share reached its highest value in the observed period in 2022. Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by financial corporations that establish a claim for repayment. Examples include financial resources provided through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, trade credits, and other accounts receivable.Find more statistics on other topics about Vietnam with key insights such as number of automated teller machines (ATMs), real interest rate, and deposit interest rate.

Vietnam VN: Domestic Credit: to Private Sector: % of GDP data was reported at 130.673 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 123.815 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Domestic Credit: to Private Sector: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 60.467 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 130.673 % in 2017 and a record low of 13.657 % in 1992. Vietnam VN: Domestic Credit: to Private Sector: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Bank Loans. Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector by financial corporations, such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable, that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. The financial corporations include monetary authorities and deposit money banks, as well as other financial corporations where data are available (including corporations that do not accept transferable deposits but do incur such liabilities as time and savings deposits). Examples of other financial corporations are finance and leasing companies, money lenders, insurance corporations, pension funds, and foreign exchange companies.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average;

Vietnam: Domestic credit to the private sector, percent of GDP: The latest value from 2020 is 116.66 percent, an increase from 109.33 percent in 2019. In comparison, the world average is 61.27 percent, based on data from 151 countries. Historically, the average for Vietnam from 1992 to 2020 is 63.8 percent. The minimum value, 13.66 percent, was reached in 1992 while the maximum of 116.66 percent was recorded in 2020.

Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) in Vietnam was reported at 117 % in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) GFD - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

Vietnam VN: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data was reported at 30.124 USD bn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 24.679 USD bn for 2016. Vietnam VN: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.124 USD bn in 2017 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2009. Vietnam VN: External Debt: DOD: Stocks: Long-Term: Private Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: External Debt: Debt Outstanding, Debt Ratio and Debt Service. Long-term private sector external debt conveys information about the distribution of long-term debt for DRS countries by type of debtor (private banks and private entities). Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy and repayable in currency, goods, or services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank, International Debt Statistics.; Sum;

Key information about Vietnam Private Debt: % of Nominal GDP

• Vietnam Private Debt accounted for 128.68 % of its Nominal GDP in Sep 2023, compared with a ratio of 128.08 % in the previous quarter
• Vietnam Private Debt contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Dec 2010 to Sep 2023, with an average share of 101.66 %
• The data reached an all-time high of 129.36 % in Jun 2022 and a record low of 73.83 % in Sep 2012

CEIC calculates quarterly Private Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Private Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The International Monetary Fund provides Private Debt in local currency. General Statistics Office provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Private Debt includes Financial Sector.

Claims on private sector (annual growth as % of broad money) in Vietnam was reported at 11.89 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Claims on private sector (annual growth as % of broad money) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

The statistic shows the number of schools in the private sector in Vietnam in schoolyear 2016/17, broken down by type. In that year, there were about 113 private primary schools, 154 private secondary schools and 65 private higher education institutions.

Vietnam VN: Banking Survey: Claims on Private Sector data was reported at 6,757,364,049.653 VND mn in Mar 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,543,900,468.980 VND mn for Dec 2017. Vietnam VN: Banking Survey: Claims on Private Sector data is updated quarterly, averaging 556,896,136.000 VND mn from Dec 1992 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 98 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,757,364,049.653 VND mn in Mar 2018 and a record low of 15,095,256.000 VND mn in Dec 1992. Vietnam VN: Banking Survey: Claims on Private Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.IMF.IFS: Financial System: Monetary: Quarterly.

Vietnam Number of Healthcare Centre excl Private Sector data was reported at 13,583.000 Unit in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13,591.000 Unit for 2016. Vietnam Number of Healthcare Centre excl Private Sector data is updated yearly, averaging 13,264.000 Unit from Sep 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,617.000 Unit in 2015 and a record low of 12,476.000 Unit in 1991. Vietnam Number of Healthcare Centre excl Private Sector data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G056: Health Statistics: Number of Healthcare Centre.

The statistic shows the number of students in the private sector in Vietnam in schoolyear 2016/17, broken down by school type. In that year, there were about 68.24 thousand students in private primary schools, 56.7 thousand students in private lower secondary schools and 243.98 thousand students in private higher education institutions.

Abstract

The Country Opinion Survey in Vietnam assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Vietnam perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Vietnam on:

1) their views regarding the general environment in Vietnam; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Vietnam; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Vietnam; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Vietnam.

Geographic coverage

• Ho Chi Minh
• Hanoi
• Northern Mountain area
• Central coastal area
• Mekong Delta
• Other.

Analysis unit

Stakeholders of The World Bank Group in Vietnam

Universe

Opinion leaders from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From March 2020 through May 2020, 1,043 stakeholders of the World Bank in Vietnam were invited to provide their opinions on the WBG’s work in the country by participating in a Country Opinion Survey (COS). Participants were drawn from the office of the President and Prime Minister, office of a Minister, office of a Parliamentarian, employees of ministries/ministerial departments/implementation agencies, Project Management Units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of projects or consultants/contractors working on WBG-supported projects/ programs, local government officials or staff, independent government institutions, the judiciary, state-owned enterprises, bilateral agencies, multilateral agencies, public-private partnerships, private sector organizations, the financial sector/commercial banks, private foundations, NGOs/ community-based organizations (CBOs), trade unions, faith-based groups, youth groups, academia/research institutes/think tanks, and the media.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

English and Vietnamese.

Response rate

56%

With 58.2 percent of the total investment, the non-state sector had the most investment in Vietnam in 2022. Following the private sector, the Vietnamese state-owned sector accounted for 25.6 percent of the total investment, making the foreign sector the owner with the least investment that year.

Vietnam VN: Claims on Private Sector: Annual Growth as % of Broad Money data was reported at 14.241 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.285 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Claims on Private Sector: Annual Growth as % of Broad Money data is updated yearly, averaging 20.344 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2017, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.860 % in 1999 and a record low of 8.932 % in 2012. Vietnam VN: Claims on Private Sector: Annual Growth as % of Broad Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Bank Loans. Claims on private sector (IFS line 32D..ZK or 32D..ZF) include gross credit from the financial system to individuals, enterprises, nonfinancial public entities not included under net domestic credit, and financial institutions not included elsewhere.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

Abstract

The World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. The surveys cover a broad range of topics related to the business environment including access to finance, corruption, infrastructure, competition, and performance.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The universe of inference includes all formal (i.e., registered) private sector businesses (with at least 1% private ownership) and with at least five employees. In terms of sectoral criteria, all manufacturing businesses (ISIC Rev 4. codes 10-33) are eligible; for services businesses, those corresponding to the ISIC Rev 4 codes 41-43, 45-47, 49-53, 55-56, 58, 61-62, 69-75, 79, and 95 are included in the Enterprise Surveys. Cooperatives and collectives are excluded from the Enterprise Surveys. All eligible establishments must be registered with the registration agency. In the case of Viet Nam, the listing from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the 2021 Economic Census, was used. The registration agency is the Department of Planning and investment.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The WBES use stratified random sampling, where the population of establishments is first separated into non-overlapping groups, called strata, and then respondents are selected through simple random sampling from each stratum. The detailed methodology is provided in the Sampling Note (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf). Stratified random sampling has several advantages over simple random sampling. In particular, it:

• produces unbiased estimates of the whole population or universe of inference, as well as at the levels of stratification
• ensures representativeness by including observations in all of those categories
• produces more precise estimates for a given sample size or budget allocation, and
• may reduce implementation costs by splitting the population into convenient subdivisions.

The WBES typically use three levels of stratification: industry classification, establishment size, and subnational region (used in combination). Starting in 2022, the WBES bases the industry classification on ISIC Rev. 4 (with earlier surveys using ISIC Rev. 3.1). For regional coverage within a country, the WBES has national coverage.

Note: Refer to Sampling Structure section in "The Viet Nam 2023 World Bank Enterprise Survey Implementation Report" for detailed methodology on sampling.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The standard WBES questionnaire covers several topics regarding the business environment and business performance. These topics include general firm characteristics, infrastructure, sales and supplies, management practices, competition, innovation, capacity, land and permits, finance, business-government relations, exposure to bribery, labor, and performance. Information about the general structure of the questionnaire is available in the Enterprise Surveys Manual and Guide (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf).

The questionnaire implemented in the Viet Nam 2023 WBES included additional questions tailored for the Business Ready Report covering infrastructure, trade, government regulations, finance, labor, and other topics.

Response rate

Overall survey response rate was 31.7%.

This survey was conducted in Vietnam between November 2014 and April 2016, as part of the Enterprise Survey project, an initiative of the World Bank. The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. Only registered businesses are surveyed in the Enterprise Survey. Data from 996 establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews. The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Progress in Vietnam has been substantial when other dimensions of poverty, apart from expenditures, are considered. The broader Vietnam Development Goals (VDGs), which are a localized version of the Millennium Development Goals, show a consistent improvement of social indicators, from education enrollment to infant mortality. While some regions and some population groups gained more than others, Vietnam continues to reduce poverty considerably faster than other countries at a similar development level. In the early 1990s, its poverty rate was higher than could be expected, given the country's level of economic development. Some time during the second half of the 1990s Vietnam caught up with the "average" country at its development level, and it largely surpassed it by 2002. The "story" behind the reduction in poverty has somewhat changed over time. Earlier gains had been associated with the distribution of agricultural land to rural households, in a context where economic reform provided the right incentives for increased farm production. But those gains have been mainly reaped by now. In more recent years, the driving forces behind poverty reduction are job creation by the private sector and the increased integration of agriculture in the market economy. A vast majority of the working-age population of Vietnam actually works, and labor market participation rates are among the highest in the world. What has changed is not activity, but rather the composition of employment. Over the last four years, the proportion of people who mainly work on their own farm dropped from almost two thirds to slightly less than half. Instead, many more are now engaged in wage employment: 30 percent of those at work earned a wage in 2002, compared to 19 percent four years earlier. Thanks to its buoyant expansion, by 2002 the formal private sector already accounted for around 2.5 million jobs, more than the entire public sector. But a much larger number of jobs have been created by the private informal sector.

Vietnam: Bank credit to the private sector as percent of GDP: Dünya Bankası göstergesi için Vietnam hakkında 1992 - 2022 arası bilgi. Vietnam için bu döneme ait ortalama değer yüzde 67.79 percent con un mínimo de 13.66 percent en 1992 y un máximo de 125.91 percent en 2022.

Abstract

This research was conducted in Vietnam between June 2009 and January 2010 as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for Vietnam was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 6 manufacturing industries, 1 services industry -retail -, and two residual sectors. Each manufacturing industry had a target of 160 interviews. The services industry and the two residual sectors had a target of 120 interviews. For the manufacturing industries sample sizes were inflated by about 33% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel. An additional 85 interviews were added to the survey half way through the fieldwork. Targets were adjusted such that the manufacturing sectors' targets were increased to 160-180 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in five regions containing 14 provinces: Red River Delta (Hanoi, Ha Tay, Hai Duong, and Hai Phong), the North Centre Coast (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An), Mekong River Delta (Can Tho, Long An, Tien Giang), South Centre Coast (Khanh Hoa, Da Nang) and South East (Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai).

Two frames were used for Vietnam. The sample frame containing fresh contacts used in the Vietnam was obtained from the 2008 Vietnam General Statistics Office. A frame containing firms that had participated in the 2005 survey constituted a second frame of panel contacts. Each database contained the following information: -Name of the firm -Location -Contact details -ISIC code -Number of employees.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 23% (734 out of 3131 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: 15 (Food) - 127, 17 (Textiles) -120, 18 (Garments) - 120, 26 (Non-metallic mineral products) - 123, 28 (Metal & Fabrication) - 122, Other manufacturing - 196, Retail & IT - 128, Other services - 117.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instruments are available: - Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] - Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] - Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] - Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments- the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Vietnam Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.