The total population in Vietnam was estimated at 101.3 million people in 2024, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. This dataset provides - Vietnam Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In 2024, the population density of Vietnam was around 306 people per square kilometer of land area. In that year, Vietnam's total population reached over 100 million. The country is among those with the highest population density in the Asia Pacific region, ranking 11 in 2020. Population density in Vietnam In comparison, Vietnam’s population density is roughly twice as much as China and Indonesia. The average population density in the world is at 59 inhabitants per square kilometer. The largest population within the country can be found in the Red River Delta and the Mekong River Delta. The most populated city is Ho Chi Minh City with roughly nine million inhabitants. Population growth in Vietnam Vietnam’s total population was forecast to surpass 109 million by 2050. Traditionally, Vietnamese families had an average of six children, while today, the birth rate is at two children per woman. This is due to an improving economy and higher living standards. In 2020, the population growth in Vietnam reached 0.90 percent, down from about three percent in the 1960s.

In 2024, the share of the population aged under 15 years in Vietnam was approximately **** percent. The share of the young population aged under 15 years has been decreasing since 2019 while there were more people aged 65 years and above across the country.

Vietnam Population Density: RR: Ha Noi data was reported at 2,555.800 Person/sq km in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,511.000 Person/sq km for 2022. Vietnam Population Density: RR: Ha Noi data is updated yearly, averaging 2,305.200 Person/sq km from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2023, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,555.800 Person/sq km in 2023 and a record low of 2,050.500 Person/sq km in 2011. Vietnam Population Density: RR: Ha Noi data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G003: Population Density: By Provinces.

Vietnam Population Density: South East (SE) data was reported at 807.500 Person/sq km in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 799.000 Person/sq km for 2022. Vietnam Population Density: South East (SE) data is updated yearly, averaging 727.400 Person/sq km from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2023, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 807.500 Person/sq km in 2023 and a record low of 635.900 Person/sq km in 2011. Vietnam Population Density: South East (SE) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G003: Population Density: By Provinces.

Population, female (% of total population) in Vietnam was reported at 51.02 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population, female (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

In 2023, there were approximately **** million females and **** million males in Vietnam. In that year, the total population of Vietnam exceeded ***** million people.

Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population) in Vietnam was reported at 7.4677 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Rural population (% of total population) in Vietnam was reported at 59.8 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Rural population - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Vietnam VN: Population: Male: Aged 15-64 data was reported at 33,180,747.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 32,938,673.000 Person for 2016. Vietnam VN: Population: Male: Aged 15-64 data is updated yearly, averaging 18,310,991.500 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,180,747.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 8,848,339.000 Person in 1960. Vietnam VN: Population: Male: Aged 15-64 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Male population between the ages 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Bank's total population and age/sex distributions of the United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

Abstract

The 2009 Population and Housing Census was implemented according to Prime Ministerial Decision No. 94/2008/QD-TTg dated 10 July, 2008. This was the fourth population census and the third housing census implemented in Vietnam since the nation was reunified in 1975. The Census aimed to collect basic data on the population and housing for the entire territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, to provide data for research and analysis of population and housing developments nationally and for each locality. It responded to information needs for assessing implementation of socio-economic development plans covering the period 2001 to 2010, for developing the socio-economic development plans for 2011 to 2020 and for monitoring performance on Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations to which the Vietnamese Government is committed.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Households Individuals Dwelling

Universe

The 2009 Population and Housing Census enumerated all Vietnamese regularly residing in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the reference point of 0:00 on 01 April, 2009; Vietnamese citizens given permission by the authorities to travel overseas and still within the authorized period; deaths (members of the household) that occurred between the first day of the Lunar Year of the Rat (07 February, 2008) to 31 March, 2009; and residential housing of the population.

Population and housing censuses were implemented simultaneously taking the household as the survey unit. The household could include one individual who eats and resides alone or a group of individuals who eat and reside together. For household with 2 persons and over, its members may or may not share a common budget; or be related by blood or not; or marital or adoptive relationship or not; or in combination of both. The household head was the main respondent. For information of which the head of household was unaware, the enumerator was required to directly interview the survey subject. For information on labour and employment, the enumerator was required to directly interview all respondents aged 15 and older; for questions on births, the enumerator was required to directly interview women in childbearing ages (from 15 to 49 years of age) to determine the responses. For information on housing, the enumerator was required to directly survey the household head and/or combine this with direct observation to determine the information to record in the forms.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

Sample size In the 2009 Population and Housing Census, besides a full enumeration, some indicators were collected in a sample survey. The census sample survey was designed to: (1) expand survey contents; (2) improve survey quality, especially for sensitive and complicated questions; and (3) save on survey costs. To improve the efficiency and reliability of the census sample data, the sample size was 15% of the total population of the country. The sample of the census is a single-stage cluster sample design with stratification and systematic sample selection. Sample selection is implemented in two steps: Step 1, select the strata to determine the sample size for each district. Step 2, independently and systematically select from the sample frame of enumeration areas in each district to determine the specific enumeration areas in the sample.

The sample size of the two census sample surveys in 1989 and 1999 was 5% and 3% respectively, only representative at the provincial level; sample survey indicators covered fertility history of women aged 15-49 years and deaths in the household in the previous 12 months. In the 2009 Census, besides the above two indicators, many other indicators were also included in the census sample survey. The census sample survey provides data representative at the district level. When determining sample size and allocation, the frequency of events was taken into account for various indicators including birth and deaths in the 12 months prior to the survey, and the number of people unemployed in urban areas, etc.; efforts were also made to ensure the ability to compare results between districts within the same province/municipality and between provinces/ municipalities.

Stratification and sample allocation across strata To ensure representativeness of the sample for each district throughout the country and because the population size is not uniform across districts or provinces, the Central Steering Committee decided to allocate the sample directly to 682 out of 684 districts (excluding 2 island districts) throughout the country in 2 steps:

Step 1: Determine the sampling rate f(r) for 3 regions including: - Region 1: including 132 urban districts; - Region 2: including 294 delta and coastal rural districts; - Region 3: including 256 mountainous and island districts.

Step 2: Allocate the sample across districts in each region based on the sampling rates for each region as determined in Step 1 using the inverse sampling allocation method. Through applying to this allocation method, the number of sampling units in each small district is increased adequately to ensure representativeness. The formula used to calculate the sample rate for each district in each region is provided on page 22 of the Census Report (Part1) provided as external resources.

Sampling unit and method The sampling unit is the enumeration area that was ascertained in the step to delimit enumeration areas. The sampling frame is the list of all enumeration areas that was made following the order of the list of administrative units at the commune level within each district. In this way, the whole country has 682 sample frames (682 strata).

The provincial steering committee was responsible for selecting sample enumeration areas using systematic random sampling as follows: Step 1: Take the total of all enumeration areas in the district, divide by the number of enumeration areas needed in the sampleto determine the skip (k), which is calculated with precision up to 1 decimal point. Step 2: Select the first enumeration area (b, with b = k), corresponding to the first enumeration area to be selected. Each successive enumeration area to be selected will correspond to the order number: bi = b + i x k ; here i = 1, 2, 3…. Stopping when the number of enumeration areas needed has been selected.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires and survey materials were designed and tested three times before final approval.

Cleaning operations

The 2009 Population and Housing Census applied Intelligent Character Recognition technology/scanning technology for direct data entry from census forms to the computer to replace the traditional keyboard data entry that is commonly used in Vietnam at present. This is an advanced technology, and the first time it had been applied in a statistical survey in Vietnam. Preparatory work had to be done carefully and meticulously. Through organization of many workshops and 7 pilot applications with technical and financial assistance from the UNFPA, the new technology was mastered, and the Census Steering Committee Standing Committee approved use of this technology to process the entire results of the 2009 Population and Housing Census. The Government decided to allocate funds through the project on Modernization of the General Statistics Office using World Bank Loan funds to procure the scanning system equipment, software and technical assistance. The successful use of this technology will create a precedent for continued use of scanning technology in other statistical surveys

After checking and coding at the Provincial/municipal steering committee office, (both the complete census and the census sample survey), forms were checked and accepted then transferred for processing to one of three Statistical Computing Centres in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang. Data processing was implemented in only a few locations, following standard procedures and a fixed timeline. The steering committee at each level and processing centres fully implemented their assigned responsibilities, especially the checking, transmitting and maintenance of survey forms in good condition. The Central Steering Committee collaborated with the Statistical Computer Centres to set up a plan for processing and compiling results, setting up tabulation plans, interpreting and synthesizing output tables, and developing options for extrapolating from sample to population estimates.

The General Statistics Office completed the work of developing software applications and training using ReadSoft software (the one used in pilot testing), organized training on network management and training on systems and programs for logic checks and data editing, developed a data processing protocol, integrated these systems and completed data flow management programs. The General Statistics Office collaborated with the contractor, FPT, to develop software applications, train staff, testl the system and complete the programs using the new TIS and E-form software.

Compilation of results was implemented in 2 stages. In stage 1 data were compiled from the Census Sample Survey by the end of October, 2009, and in stage 2, data were compiled from the completed census forms, with work finalized in May 2010.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates from the Census sample survey were affected by two types of error: (1) non-sampling error, and (2) sampling error. Non-sampling error is the result of errors in implementation of data collection and processing such as visiting the

Comprehensive socio-economic dataset for Vietnam including population demographics, economic indicators, geographic data, and social statistics. This dataset covers key metrics such as GDP, population density, area, capital city, and regional classifications.

Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population) in Vietnam was reported at 6.0386 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2024, the population of Vietnam reached approximately ***** million, indicating an increase by nearly a million people from the previous year. Vietnam is among the most populated countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

Abstract

The 2002 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS 2002) is a nationally representative sample survey of 5,665 ever-married women age 15-49 selected from 205 sample points (clusters) throughout Vietnam. It provides information on levels of fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and indicators of maternal and child health. The survey included a Community/ Health Facility Questionnaire that was implemented in each of the sample clusters.

The survey was designed to measure change in reproductive health indicators over the five years since the VNDHS 1997, especially in the 18 provinces that were targeted in the Population and Family Health Project of the Committee for Population, Family and Children. Consequently, all provinces were separated into “project” and “nonproject” groups to permit separate estimates for each. Data collection for the survey took place from 1 October to 21 December 2002.

The Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey 2002 (VNDHS 2002) was the third DHS in Vietnam, with prior surveys implemented in 1988 and 1997. The VNDHS 2002 was carried out in the framework of the activities of the Population and Family Health Project of the Committee for Population, Family and Children (previously the National Committee for Population and Family Planning).

The main objectives of the VNDHS 2002 were to collect up-to-date information on family planning, childhood mortality, and health issues such as breastfeeding practices, pregnancy care, vaccination of children, treatment of common childhood illnesses, and HIV/AIDS, as well as utilization of health and family planning services. The primary objectives of the survey were to estimate changes in family planning use in comparison with the results of the VNDHS 1997, especially on issues in the scope of the project of the Committee for Population, Family and Children.

VNDHS 2002 data confirm the pattern of rapidly declining fertility that was observed in the VNDHS 1997. It also shows a sharp decline in child mortality, as well as a modest increase in contraceptive use. Differences between project and non-project provinces are generally small.

Geographic coverage

The 2002 Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS 2002) is a nationally representative sample survey. The VNDHS 1997 was designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces and the remaining nonproject provinces as well. Project provinces refer to 18 focus provinces targeted for the strengthening of their primary health care systems by the Government's Population and Family Health Project to be implemented over a period of seven years, from 1996 to 2002 (At the outset of this project there were 15 focus provinces, which became 18 by the creation of 3 new provinces from the initial set of 15). These provinces were selected according to criteria based on relatively low health and family planning status, no substantial family planning donor presence, and regional spread. These criteria resulted in the selection of the country's poorer provinces. Nine of these provinces have significant proportions of ethnic minorities among their population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 2002 VNDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Vietnam.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The sample for the VNDHS 2002 was based on that used in the VNDHS 1997, which in turn was a subsample of the 1996 Multi-Round Demographic Survey (MRS), a semi-annual survey of about 243,000 households undertaken regularly by GSO. The MRS sample consisted of 1,590 sample areas known as enumeration areas (EAs) spread throughout the 53 provinces/cities of Vietnam, with 30 EAs in each province. On average, an EA comprises about 150 households. For the VNDHS 1997, a subsample of 205 EAs was selected, with 26 households in each urban EA and 39 households for each rural EA. A total of 7,150 households was selected for the survey. The VNDHS 1997 was designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces and the remaining nonproject provinces as well. Because the main objective of the VNDHS 2002 was to measure change in reproductive health indicators over the five years since the VNDHS 1997, the sample design for the VNDHS 2002 was as similar as possible to that of the VNDHS 1997.

Although it would have been ideal to have returned to the same households or at least the same sample points as were selected for the VNDHS 1997, several factors made this undesirable. Revisiting the same households would have held the sample artificially rigid over time and would not allow for newly formed households. This would have conflicted with the other major survey objective, which was to provide up-to-date, representative data for the whole of Vietnam. Revisiting the same sample points that were covered in 1997 was complicated by the fact that the country had conducted a population census in 1999, which allowed for a more representative sample frame.

In order to balance the two main objectives of measuring change and providing representative data, it was decided to select enumeration areas from the 1999 Population Census, but to cover the same communes that were sampled in the VNDHS 1997 and attempt to obtain a sample point as close as possible to that selected in 1997. Consequently, the VNDHS 2002 sample also consisted of 205 sample points and reflects the oversampling in the 20 provinces that fall in the World Bank-supported Population and Family Health Project. The sample was designed to produce about 7,000 completed household interviews and 5,600 completed interviews with ever-married women age 15-49.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

As in the VNDHS 1997, three types of questionnaires were used in the 2002 survey: the Household Questionnaire, the Individual Woman's Questionnaire, and the Community/Health Facility Questionnaire. The first two questionnaires were based on the DHS Model A Questionnaire, with additions and modifications made during an ORC Macro staff visit in July 2002. The questionnaires were pretested in two clusters in Hanoi (one in a rural area and another in an urban area). After the pretest and consultation with ORC Macro, the drafts were revised for use in the main survey.

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in selected households and to collect information on age, sex, education, marital status, and relationship to the head of household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify persons who were eligible for individual interview (i.e. ever-married women age 15-49). In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household such as water source, type of toilet facilities, material used for the floor and roof, and ownership of various durable goods.

b) The Individual Questionnaire was used to collect information on ever-married women aged 15-49 in surveyed households. These women were interviewed on the following topics:
- Respondent's background characteristics (education, residential history, etc.); - Reproductive history; - Contraceptive knowledge and use;
- Antenatal and delivery care; - Infant feeding practices; - Child immunization; - Fertility preferences and attitudes about family planning; - Husband's background characteristics; - Women's work information; and - Knowledge of AIDS.

c) The Community/Health Facility Questionnaire was used to collect information on all communes in which the interviewed women lived and on services offered at the nearest health stations. The Community/Health Facility Questionnaire consisted of four sections. The first two sections collected information from community informants on some characteristics such as the major economic activities of residents, distance from people's residence to civic services and the location of the nearest sources of health care. The last two sections involved visiting the nearest commune health centers and intercommune health centers, if these centers were located within 30 kilometers from the surveyed cluster. For each visited health center, information was collected on the type of health services offered and the number of days services were offered per week; the number of assigned staff and their training; medical equipment and medicines available at the time of the visit.

Cleaning operations

The first stage of data editing was implemented by the field editors soon after each interview. Field editors and team leaders checked the completeness and consistency of all items in the questionnaires. The completed questionnaires were sent to the GSO headquarters in Hanoi by post for data processing. The editing staff of the GSO first checked the questionnaires for completeness. The data were then entered into microcomputers and edited using a software program specially developed for the DHS program, the Census and Survey Processing System, or CSPro. Data were verified on a 100 percent basis, i.e., the data were entered separately twice and the two results were compared and corrected. The data processing and editing staff of the GSO were trained and supervised for two weeks by a data processing specialist from ORC Macro. Office editing and processing activities were initiated immediately after the beginning of the fieldwork and were completed in late December 2002.

Response rate

The results of the household and individual

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Da Nang, Vietnam metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population) in Vietnam was reported at 7.7524 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) in Vietnam was reported at 9.0472 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population ages 65 and above (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

School age population, primary education, both sexes (number) in Vietnam was reported at 7441590 Persons in 2020, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population of the official age for primary education, both sexes - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population) in Vietnam was reported at 24.48 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population ages 0-14, male (% of total) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.