Abstract

The World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. The surveys cover a broad range of topics related to the business environment including access to finance, corruption, infrastructure, competition, and performance.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The universe of inference includes all formal (i.e., registered) private sector businesses (with at least 1% private ownership) and with at least five employees. In terms of sectoral criteria, all manufacturing businesses (ISIC Rev 4. codes 10-33) are eligible; for services businesses, those corresponding to the ISIC Rev 4 codes 41-43, 45-47, 49-53, 55-56, 58, 61-62, 69-75, 79, and 95 are included in the Enterprise Surveys. Cooperatives and collectives are excluded from the Enterprise Surveys. All eligible establishments must be registered with the registration agency. In the case of Viet Nam, the listing from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, the 2021 Economic Census, was used. The registration agency is the Department of Planning and investment.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The WBES use stratified random sampling, where the population of establishments is first separated into non-overlapping groups, called strata, and then respondents are selected through simple random sampling from each stratum. The detailed methodology is provided in the Sampling Note (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf). Stratified random sampling has several advantages over simple random sampling. In particular, it:

• produces unbiased estimates of the whole population or universe of inference, as well as at the levels of stratification
• ensures representativeness by including observations in all of those categories
• produces more precise estimates for a given sample size or budget allocation, and
• may reduce implementation costs by splitting the population into convenient subdivisions.

The WBES typically use three levels of stratification: industry classification, establishment size, and subnational region (used in combination). Starting in 2022, the WBES bases the industry classification on ISIC Rev. 4 (with earlier surveys using ISIC Rev. 3.1). For regional coverage within a country, the WBES has national coverage.

Note: Refer to Sampling Structure section in "The Viet Nam 2023 World Bank Enterprise Survey Implementation Report" for detailed methodology on sampling.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The standard WBES questionnaire covers several topics regarding the business environment and business performance. These topics include general firm characteristics, infrastructure, sales and supplies, management practices, competition, innovation, capacity, land and permits, finance, business-government relations, exposure to bribery, labor, and performance. Information about the general structure of the questionnaire is available in the Enterprise Surveys Manual and Guide (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf).

The questionnaire implemented in the Viet Nam 2023 WBES included additional questions tailored for the Business Ready Report covering infrastructure, trade, government regulations, finance, labor, and other topics.

Response rate

Overall survey response rate was 31.7%.

Abstract

This survey was conducted in Vietnam between November 2014 and April 2016, as part of the Enterprise Survey project, an initiative of the World Bank. The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries. Only registered businesses are surveyed in the Enterprise Survey.

Data from 996 establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses. The data was collected using face-to-face interviews.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or universe of the study, is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the group classification of ISIC Revision 3.1: (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into five manufacturing industries and two services industries: Food and Beverages (ISIC Rev. 3.1 code 15), Garments (ISIC code 18), Non-metallic mineral products (ISIC code 26), Fabricated metal products (ISIC code 28), Other Manufacturing (ISIC codes 16,17, 19-25, 27, 29-37), Retail (ISIC code 52) and Other Services (ISIC codes 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, and 72).

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not common practice, apart from the construction and agriculture sectors which are not included in the survey.

Regional stratification for the Vietnam ES was done across four regions: Red River Delta, North Central Area and Central Coastal Area, South East, and Mekong River Delta.

The sample frame consisted of listings of firms from two sources: First, for panel firms the list of 1053 firms from the Vietnam 2009 ES was used and second, for fresh firms (i.e., firms not covered in 2009), data from the General Statistics Office (GSO) of Vietnam was used.

The quality of the frame was enhanced by the verification process conducted by the contractor Mekong Economics. However, the sample frame was not immune from the typical problems found in establishment surveys: positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 7.3% (285 out of 3,889 establishments).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The structure of the data base reflects the fact that 2 different versions of the survey instrument were used for all registered establishments. Questionnaires have common questions (core module) and respectfully additional manufacturing- and services-specific questions. The eligible manufacturing industries have been surveyed using the Manufacturing questionnaire (includes the core module, plus manufacturing specific questions). Retail firms have been interviewed using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module plus retail specific questions) and the residual eligible services have been covered using the Services questionnaire (includes the core module). Each variation of the questionnaire is identified by the index variable, a0.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

Survey non-response must be differentiated from item non-response. The former refers to refusals to participate in the survey altogether whereas the latter refers to the refusals to answer some specific questions. Enterprise Surveys suffer from both problems and different strategies were used to address these issues.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies: a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect "Refusal to respond" (-8) as a different option from "Don't know" (-9). b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar strata characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific goals.

the number of interviews per contacted establishments was 0.26. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The number of rejections per contact was 0.31.

Abstract

The Enterprise Survey 2008 was conducted by GSO and its sub-institutions to collect information on enterprises operating in Viet Nam at the end of the year 2007. It is the eighth year of the annual enterprise surveys. All business entities existing at the end of the year were surveyed. Objectives of the survey: - To collect information of enterprises' productive factors (labor, capital, assets,…) and business results in 2007, to assess the situation and capacity of enterprises in different industries and economic sectors. - To collect necessary information for aggregating officially reported indicators in the year 2007 for specialities (number of enterprises, numbers of employees, capital, assets, business result indicators, indicators of the national account such as production value, intermediate cost, value added...) and calculating statistical weights for 2007 as the based year. - To update the enterprise database to meet requirements of statistics of enterprises and other statistics.

Survey Implementation The survey were organized and steered by GSO and principally conducted by Provincial Statistical Offices. Data were gathered by two methods, direct and indirect ones. Details of the two methods and their applicable objects are:

Direct data gathering: enumerators interview respondents directly, ask for data, explanations of circumstance. Based on that, the enumerators fill out the questionnaire. This method is applied for the business environment questionnaire and survey units which have not fully followed accounting standards, unable to self-fill out the questionnaire (small-size enterprises, enterprises under preparation for dissolving, enterprises under investigation,…)

Indirect data gathering: Organization of meeting of chief accountants, accountants or statistical staffs of survey units, or enumerators instruct directly how to fill out the questionnaires as well as information of where to send, how to send, time for sending, so that the survey units fill out the questionnaire on their own and send filled questionnaires to the survey organizer.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Enterprise

Universe

They are enterprises independently keeping business account, they were established and under regulations of the State Enterprise Law, Cooperative Law, Enterprise Law, Foreign Investment Law, began business operation before 1st January 2008 and currently exist. They may include seasonal operation enterprises which did not operate on all 12 months of year 2006, enterprises which suspend operation for renovation investment, repairing, construction, production extension, enterprises which stop operation for merging or dissolving but still have the managerial system for answering questions in the questionnaire (exclude enterprises that do not have the managerial system for answering the questions in the questionnaire).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Enterprise Survey 2008 is conducted according to census and sample survey methods. There are three cases that the sample survey are applied. The first case is for surveying non-state enterprises having less than 10 labors, the second case is for surveying of production and business cost, the third case is for business environment survey. Sample selection of these cases are described as follows:

Sample Selection of non-state enterprises having less than 10 employees for application of the Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN (general questionnaire) (1) The Sampling Frame: The sampling frame is established based on the list of non-state enterprises having less than 10 employees from the Enterprise Survey in the year 2005 (except the enterprises in hotel industry which are all selected). The sampling frame is stratified according to the 2-digit-level industrial classification; in each 2-digit-level industry, enterprises are listed with descending order based on net revenues of production and business in the year 2007. Commercial industry or service industries are stratified into 4-digit-level industries or groups of 4-digit-level industries. (2) Sample selection: The number of non-state enterprises selected for applying the Questionnaire No 1A-DTDN is 15% of enterprises which have less than 10 employees in the list of enterprises from which were collected filled questionnaires in the year 2007. The principle for sample selection is to have reprentativeness of each 2-digit-level industry (for commercial or service industries), representativeness is at 4-digit-level industries or groups of industries in provincies. The selection method is systematic sampling with fixed intervals after a ramdom start. Because the numbers of enterprises having less than 10 employees in provinces, cities are significantly differential, a number of provinces do not have numerous enterprises, no choice of enterprises having less than 10 employees for applying Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN is only done in 15 provinces/cities: they are Lai Chau, Ha Giang, Dien Bien, Bac Kan, Son La, Cao Bang, Tuyen Quang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha Nam, Hoa Binh, Ninh Thuan, Kon Tum, Dak Nong, Hau Giang.

Sample selection of enterprises which are surveyed for production, business cost (Questionnaire No. 2A-DTDN) (1) Establishing the Sampling Frame The sampling frame is established based on the list of enterprises from which were collected filled questionnaires in the 2007 Enterprise Survey. (2) Sample Selection The sample is representative for 8 regions and 2-digit level economic industries in each region with sample size of about 10000 enterprises (the sample ratio is approximately 10%). Sample allocation to each region or each 2-digit-level economic industry is based on share of production value of each region to that of the whole country and share of each 2-digit-level economic industry in production value of the region. In each 2-digit-level economic industry, enterprises are listed with descending order based on net revenues of production and business in the year 2004. After having number of sample in each region and each 2-digit-level economic industry in the region, sample selection is done for each 2-digit- level industry in regions by systematic sample with fixed interval of K (K= total number of the 2-digit-level industry divided by the allocated sample to the industry) after a random start.

Sample selection of enterprises conducted business environment survey (Questionnaire No. 4- DTDN) The sample for business environment survey is selected to be respresentative for 1-digit-level industries in each province/city with the sample about 10000 enterprises (Approximate 10%).

Sampling deviation

Procedure for selecting enterprises when sampled enterprises When sample enterprises are missing, Statistical Office of Provinces/ Cities have rights to complete the sample with following priority order: - Enterprises in the province/city and the same 4-digit-level industry having the closest net revenue to the missing enterprises in the sample. - Enterprises in the province/city and the same 2-digit-level industry having the closest net revenue to the missing enterprises in the sample. There was no reports of missing cases, however, with the above procedure, it is expected that there is no major deviations from sample design

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There were three general types of questionnaires: 1) Questionnaires for basic indicators about production, business of enterprises; 2) Questionnaire about energy; 3) Questionnaire on business environment. In the first and the second general types of questionnaire, there were several specific questionnnaires for specific enterprises. In the current database, only data collected from the first general type of questionnaire is available.

(1) Questionnaires for basic indicators about production, business of enterprises a. Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN: this questionnaire is to collect information of enterprises in the year 2007 (Applicable to all state enterprises, non-state enterprises having more than 10 employees, 15% of non-state enterprises having less than 10 employees which are selected to be surveyed, all foregin invested enterprises of all industries in the national economy). This questionnaire was filled in for each enterprise as survey object to collect information on screening, labor including labor compensation, activities, production... b. Questionnaire No. 1B-DTDN: this questionnaire is to collect information of enterprises in the year 2007. (Applicable to non-state enteprises having less than 10 employees of all industries in the national economy, but not being selected to be surveyed with Questionnaire No. 1A-DTDN). This is short version of question No.1A-DTDN.
c. Questionnaire No. 1C-DTDN: Production, Selling and Inventory of some industrial products in year 2007. (Applicable to all enterprises having industrial activity as the main activity). This questionnaire is to gather information on production, selling and inventory if industrial products.
d. Questionnaire No. 2B-DTDN: Results of financial intermediate and financial assistance activities in year 2007. (Applicable to all enterprises which are credit institution: Banks, financial comparies, people's credit funds... ). Information on detail revenue and cost items and business result of financial intermediate and financial assistance activities were collected with this questionnaire.
e. Questionnaire No 2C- DTDN: Results of insurance activity and insurance brokerage in year 2007. Information on detail revenue and cost items and business result of insurance activity and insurance brokerage

Abstract

This research was conducted in Vietnam between June 2009 and January 2010 as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for Vietnam was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in this country: industry, establishment size, and region.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 6 manufacturing industries, 1 services industry -retail -, and two residual sectors. Each manufacturing industry had a target of 160 interviews. The services industry and the two residual sectors had a target of 120 interviews. For the manufacturing industries sample sizes were inflated by about 33% to account for potential non-response cases when requesting sensitive financial data and also because of likely attrition in future surveys that would affect the construction of a panel. An additional 85 interviews were added to the survey half way through the fieldwork. Targets were adjusted such that the manufacturing sectors' targets were increased to 160-180 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in five regions containing 14 provinces: Red River Delta (Hanoi, Ha Tay, Hai Duong, and Hai Phong), the North Centre Coast (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An), Mekong River Delta (Can Tho, Long An, Tien Giang), South Centre Coast (Khanh Hoa, Da Nang) and South East (Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, Dong Nai).

Two frames were used for Vietnam. The sample frame containing fresh contacts used in the Vietnam was obtained from the 2008 Vietnam General Statistics Office. A frame containing firms that had participated in the 2005 survey constituted a second frame of panel contacts. Each database contained the following information: -Name of the firm -Location -Contact details -ISIC code -Number of employees.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 23% (734 out of 3131 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: 15 (Food) - 127, 17 (Textiles) -120, 18 (Garments) - 120, 26 (Non-metallic mineral products) - 123, 28 (Metal & Fabrication) - 122, Other manufacturing - 196, Retail & IT - 128, Other services - 117.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instruments are available: - Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37] - Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52] - Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72] - Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments- the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Vietnam Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

Abstract

The Country Opinion Survey in Vietnam assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in gaining a better understanding of how stakeholders in Vietnam perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Vietnam on:

1) their views regarding the general environment in Vietnam; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Vietnam; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Vietnam; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s future role in Vietnam.

Geographic coverage

• Ho Chi Minh
• Hanoi
• Northern Mountain area
• Central coastal area
• Mekong Delta
• Other.

Analysis unit

Stakeholders of The World Bank Group in Vietnam

Universe

Opinion leaders from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

From March 2020 through May 2020, 1,043 stakeholders of the World Bank in Vietnam were invited to provide their opinions on the WBG’s work in the country by participating in a Country Opinion Survey (COS). Participants were drawn from the office of the President and Prime Minister, office of a Minister, office of a Parliamentarian, employees of ministries/ministerial departments/implementation agencies, Project Management Units (PMUs) overseeing implementation of projects or consultants/contractors working on WBG-supported projects/ programs, local government officials or staff, independent government institutions, the judiciary, state-owned enterprises, bilateral agencies, multilateral agencies, public-private partnerships, private sector organizations, the financial sector/commercial banks, private foundations, NGOs/ community-based organizations (CBOs), trade unions, faith-based groups, youth groups, academia/research institutes/think tanks, and the media.

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Research instrument

English and Vietnamese.

Response rate

56%

According to a survey conducted in 2022 in Vietnam, around ** percent of surveyed enterprises used social media as a selling channel for their products. Social commerce, or the use of social media in selling products and services, has been on the rise in many countries in Southeast Asia in recent years, including Vietnam.

Vietnam Business Survey (BS) Number of Enterprises: Total data was reported at 505,059.000 Unit in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 442,485.000 Unit for 2015. Vietnam Business Survey (BS) Number of Enterprises: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 302,025.500 Unit from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2016, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 505,059.000 Unit in 2016 and a record low of 106,616.000 Unit in 2005. Vietnam Business Survey (BS) Number of Enterprises: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S001: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Number of Enterprises.

Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Number of Employees: Total data was reported at 14,012,276.000 Person in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,856,856.000 Person for 2015. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Number of Employees: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 10,895,600.000 Person from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2016, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,012,276.000 Person in 2016 and a record low of 6,077,202.000 Person in 2005. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Number of Employees: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S002: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Number of Employees.

Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Capital Resources: Total data was reported at 25,969,448.000 VND bn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 22,144,200.000 VND bn for 2015. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Capital Resources: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 13,622,801.000 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2016, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 25,969,448.000 VND bn in 2016 and a record low of 2,655,194.000 VND bn in 2005. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Capital Resources: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S003: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Capital Resources.

BS: Net Turnover: Business: HS: Social Work Activities data was reported at 7.478 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.881 VND bn for 2014. BS: Net Turnover: Business: HS: Social Work Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 3.000 VND bn from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2015, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.000 VND bn in 2010 and a record low of 1.000 VND bn in 2011. BS: Net Turnover: Business: HS: Social Work Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S005: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Net Turnover: Business.

BS: Net Turnover: Business: Human Health & Social Work (HS) data was reported at 18,916.740 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,205.444 VND bn for 2014. BS: Net Turnover: Business: Human Health & Social Work (HS) data is updated yearly, averaging 6,319.500 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,916.740 VND bn in 2015 and a record low of 1,502.000 VND bn in 2005. BS: Net Turnover: Business: Human Health & Social Work (HS) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S005: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Net Turnover: Business.

Abstract

The STEP (Skills Toward Employment and Productivity) Skills Measurement program is the first ever initiative to generate internationally comparable data on skills available in developing countries. The program implements standardized surveys to gather information on the supply and distribution of skills and the demand for skills in labor market of low-income countries.

The uniquely designed modules in the Employer survey aim to assess the structure of the labor force; the skills (cognitive skills, behavior and personality traits, and job-relevant skills) currently being used; the skills that employers look for when hiring new workers; the propensity of firms to provide training (including satisfaction with education, training, and levels of specific skills) and the link between skills and compensation and promotion. The survey also captures background characteristics (size, legal form, industry, full time vs. non-standard employment, occupational breakdown), performance (revenues, wages and other costs, profits, scope of market), key labor market challenges and their ranking relative to other challenges, and job skill requirements of the firms being interviewed. An additional component of the survey conducted in Vietnam is a module on innovation designed to capture the characteristics of Research & Development (including factors related to product development and capacity building).

The questionnaire can be adapted to address a sample of firms in both informal and formal sectors, with varying sizes and industry classifications.

Geographic coverage

Capital Hanoi and other urban areas

Analysis unit

The units of analysis are establishments or workplaces – a single location at which one or more employees work. The larger legal entity may include multiple establishments.

Universe

The universe of the study are formal sector non-government enterprise workplaces included in the General Statistics Office Vietnam enterprise census 2009 and informal sector firms registered with provincial Departments of Planning and Investment (DPIs)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling objective of the survey was to obtain interviews from 400 non-government enterprise workplaces in the capital and urban regions of Vietnam.

Two-stage stratified random sampling was used in the survey. A list of businesses registered with the General Statistics Office Vietnam enterprise census 2009 served as the sampling frame for formal sector. Informal sector firms were drawn from a sample created using data from the Departments of Planning and Investment (DPIs).

Detailed information about the sampling is available in the Vietnam Survey Implementation and Findings Report and Vietnam Employer Survey Weighting Procedure, provided as an external resource.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Questionnaire for the Vietnam STEP Employer Survey consists of six modules: Section 1 – Work Force Section 2 – Skills Used Section 3 – Hiring Practices Section 4 – Training and Compensation Section 5 – Background Section 6 - Innovation

It has been provided as an external resource.

In the case of Vietnam, the questionnaire was adapted to the Vietnamese context and published in English and Vietnamese.

Cleaning operations

STEP Data Management Process:

1) Raw data is sent by the survey firm.

2) The World Bank (WB) STEP team runs data checks on the Questionnaire data. Comments and questions are sent back to the survey firm.

3) The survey firm reviews comments and questions. When a data entry error is identified, the survey firm corrects the data.

4) The WB STEP team again check to make sure the data files are clean. This might require additional iterations with the survey firm.

5) Once the data has been checked and cleaned, the WB STEP team computes the weights. Weights are computed by the STEP team to ensure consistency across sampling methodologies.

Response rate

An overall response rate of 63.8% was achieved in Vietnam STEP Survey. Detailed distribution of responses by stratum can be found in the Vietnam Employer Survey Weighting Procedure (Table 6), available as an external resource.

Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Net Turnover: Business: Total data was reported at 14,949,100.000 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 13,516,000.000 VND bn for 2014. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Net Turnover: Business: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 8,894,854.500 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,949,100.000 VND bn in 2015 and a record low of 2,140,558.000 VND bn in 2005. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Net Turnover: Business: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S005: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Net Turnover: Business.

Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Profit Before Tax: Total data was reported at 552,746.965 VND bn in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 556,695.022 VND bn for 2014. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Profit Before Tax: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 345,354.500 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 556,695.022 VND bn in 2014 and a record low of 98,424.000 VND bn in 2005. Vietnam Business Survey (BS): Profit Before Tax: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S006: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Profit Before Tax.

Vietnam BS: Number of Enterprises: Non-State Enterprise: 5-9 Persons data was reported at 132,574.000 Unit in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 127,939.000 Unit for 2021. Vietnam BS: Number of Enterprises: Non-State Enterprise: 5-9 Persons data is updated yearly, averaging 95,963.000 Unit from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 178,595.000 Unit in 2018 and a record low of 3,494.000 Unit in 2005. Vietnam BS: Number of Enterprises: Non-State Enterprise: 5-9 Persons data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S001: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Number of Enterprises.

BS: Net Turnover: Business: Construction: Specialized Activities data was reported at 145,922.699 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 112,709.514 VND bn for 2014. BS: Net Turnover: Business: Construction: Specialized Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 75,494.000 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 145,922.699 VND bn in 2015 and a record low of 13,421.000 VND bn in 2005. BS: Net Turnover: Business: Construction: Specialized Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S005: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Net Turnover: Business.

Vietnam BS: Number of Enterprises: Non-State Enterprise: 300-499 Persons data was reported at 1,531.000 Unit in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,461.000 Unit for 2021. Vietnam BS: Number of Enterprises: Non-State Enterprise: 300-499 Persons data is updated yearly, averaging 1,306.000 Unit from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,663.000 Unit in 2016 and a record low of 445.000 Unit in 2002. Vietnam BS: Number of Enterprises: Non-State Enterprise: 300-499 Persons data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S001: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Number of Enterprises.

BS: Capital Resources: PST: Avertising & Market Research data was reported at 68,234.317 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 36,680.984 VND bn for 2014. BS: Capital Resources: PST: Avertising & Market Research data is updated yearly, averaging 32,597.207 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 148,927.388 VND bn in 2010 and a record low of 4,358.000 VND bn in 2005. BS: Capital Resources: PST: Avertising & Market Research data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S003: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Capital Resources.

BS: Net Turnover: Business: PST: Legal & Accounting Activities data was reported at 12,059.479 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 9,848.991 VND bn for 2014. BS: Net Turnover: Business: PST: Legal & Accounting Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 5,735.500 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12,059.479 VND bn in 2015 and a record low of 817.000 VND bn in 2005. BS: Net Turnover: Business: PST: Legal & Accounting Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S005: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Net Turnover: Business.

BS: Capital Resources: Accommodation & Food Service Activity data was reported at 330,437.224 VND bn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 241,384.697 VND bn for 2014. BS: Capital Resources: Accommodation & Food Service Activity data is updated yearly, averaging 165,473.781 VND bn from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 330,437.224 VND bn in 2015 and a record low of 44,453.000 VND bn in 2005. BS: Capital Resources: Accommodation & Food Service Activity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.S003: The Situation of Enterprises Survey: VSIC 2007: Capital Resources.