Contains data from the World Bank's data portal. There is also a consolidated country dataset on HDX.

Improving health is central to the Millennium Development Goals, and the public sector is the main provider of health care in developing countries. To reduce inequities, many countries have emphasized primary health care, including immunization, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, and safe motherhood initiatives. Data here cover health systems, disease prevention, reproductive health, nutrition, and population dynamics. Data are from the United Nations Population Division, World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, and various other sources.

Source: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/world-bank-health-indicators-for-vietnam

Vietnam VN: Current Health Expenditure: % of GDP data was reported at 5.653 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.783 % for 2014. Vietnam VN: Current Health Expenditure: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 5.238 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.478 % in 2012 and a record low of 4.113 % in 2002. Vietnam VN: Current Health Expenditure: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.; ; World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database).; Weighted average;

Vietnam VN: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data was reported at 76.253 Year in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 76.052 Year for 2015. Vietnam VN: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data is updated yearly, averaging 69.940 Year from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 76.253 Year in 2016 and a record low of 58.835 Year in 1972. Vietnam VN: Life Expectancy at Birth: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision, or derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average;

According to a 2023 survey conducted in Vietnam, approximately **** percent of respondents expressed a desire to address their overall health and wellness concerns. Furthermore, ***** percent and ***** percent of respondents aimed to resolve issues related to heart health and weight management, respectively.

The number of people participating in health insurance in Vietnam reached approximately **** million in 2022, indicating an increase of nearly ***** million people from 2021. The number of people with health insurance in Vietnam has been increasing yearly within the given timeline.

Vietnam VN: Current Health Expenditure Per Capita: Current Price data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2014. Vietnam VN: Current Health Expenditure Per Capita: Current Price data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2013 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2000. Vietnam VN: Current Health Expenditure Per Capita: Current Price data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.; ; World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database).; Weighted average;

The current health expenditure per capita in Vietnam stood at ***** U.S. dollars in 2022. Between 2000 and 2022, the expenditure per capita rose by ****** U.S. dollars, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend.

Vietnam: Health spending per capita: The latest value from 2022 is 188.9 U.S. dollars, an increase from 168.08 U.S. dollars in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 1324.86 U.S. dollars, based on data from 185 countries. Historically, the average for Vietnam from 2000 to 2022 is 93.93 U.S. dollars. The minimum value, 21.07 U.S. dollars, was reached in 2000 while the maximum of 188.9 U.S. dollars was recorded in 2022.

In 2022, health insurance revenue in Vietnam amounted to about ***** trillion Vietnamese dong. The number of people participating in health insurance in Vietnam reached approximately **** million in that year, indicating a steady increase in the past years.

Abstract

The 1997 Viemam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) is a nationally representative survey of 5,664 ever-married women age 15-49 selected from 205 sampling clusters throughout Vietnam. The VNDHS-II was designed to provide information on levels of fertility, family planning knowledge and use, infant and child mortality, and indicators of maternal and child health. The survey included a Community/Health Facility Questionnaire that was implemented in each of the sample clusters included in the women's survey. Fieldwork for the survey took place from July to October 1997. All provinces were separated into "project" and "non-project" groups to permit separate estimates for about one-third of provinces where the health infrastructure is being upgraded.

The primary objectives of the second Vietnam National Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) in 1997 were to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, early childhood mortality, child health and knowledge of AIDS.

VNDHS-II data confirm the patterns of declining fertility and increasing use of contraception that were observed between the 1988 VNDHS-I and the 1994 lntercensal Demographic Survey (ICDS-94).

Geographic coverage

The 1997 Viemam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-II) is a nationally representative survey. Itwas designed to provide separate estimates for the whole country, for urban and rural areas, for 18 project provinces, and for the remaining non-project provinces as well. Project provinces refer to 18 focus provinces targeted for the strengthening of their primary health care systems by the Government's Population and Family Health Project to be implemented over a period of seven years, from 1996 to 2002 (At the outset of this project there were 15 focus provinces, which became 18 by the creation of 3 new provinces from the initial set of 15). These provinces were selected according to criteria based on relatively low health and family planning status, no substantial family planning donor presence, and regional spread. These criteria resulted in the selection of the country's poorer provinces. Nine of these provinces have significant proportions of ethnic minorities among their population.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 1997 VNDHS is defined as the universe of all women age 15-49 in Vietnam.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The Second Vietnam Demographic and Health Survey (VNDHS-1I) covers the population residing in private households in the country. The design for the VNDHS-II calls for a representative probability sample of approximately 5,500 completed individual interviews of ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 49. It was designed principally to produce reliable estimates of demographic rates (particularly fertility and childhood mortality rates), of maternal and child health indicators, and of contraceptive knowledge and use, for the country as a whole, for urban and the rural areas separately, and for the group of 18 project provinces. These 18 provinces are in the following geographic regions:

Six of the 18 project provinces are new provinces that will, in the near future, be formed out of three old provinces: Bac Can and Thai, Nguyen from Bac Thai; Hai Duong and Hung Yen from Hal Hung; Nam Dinh and Ha Nam from Nam Ha.

Northern Uplands: Tuyen Quang, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, Bac Can and Thai Nguyen.
Red River Delta: Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Nam Dinh and Ha Nam.
North Central: Thanh Hoa and Thua Thien-Hue.
Central Highlands: Dac Lac and Lam Dong.
Mekong River Delta: Dong Thap, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh and Kien Giang.

Since the formation of the new provinces has not been formalized and no population data exist for them, this report will only refer to 15 project provinces out of 53 provinces in Vietnam (instead of 18 project provinces out of 61 provinces).

SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame for the VNDHS-II was the sample of the 1996 Vietnam Multi-Round Survey (VNMRS), conducted bi-annually by the General Statistical Office (GSO). A thorough evaluation of this sample was necessary to ensure that the sample was representative of the country, before it was used for the VNDHS-II.

The sample design for the VNMRS was developed by GSO with technical assistance provided by Mr. Anthony Turney, sampling specialist of the United Nations Statistics Division. The VNMRS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. Within each province, stratification was geographic by urban- rural residence. Sample selection was done independently for each province.

In the first stage, primary sampling units (PSUs) corresponding to communes (rural areas) and blocks (urban areas) were selected using equal probability systematic random selection (EPSEM), since no recent population data on communes and blocks existed that could be used for selection with probability proportional to size. The assumption underlying the decision to use EPSEM was that, within each province, the majority of communes and blocks vary little in population size, with the exception of a few communes; i.e., within each province, most communes and blocks have a population size that is close to the average for the province. In each province, the number of selected communes/blocks was proportional to the urban-rural population in the province. The total number of communes/blocks selected for the VNMRS was 1,662 with tbe number of communes/blocks in each province varying from 26 to 43 according to the size of the province. After the communes/blocks were selected, a field operation was mounted by GSO to create enumeration areas (EAs) in each selected commune/block. The number of EAs that was created in each commune/block was based on the number of households in the commune/block divided by the standard EA size which was set at 150 households. The list of EAs for the whole province was then ordered geographically by commune/block and used for the second stage selection. Thirty EAs were selected in each province with equal probability from a random start, for a total of 1,590 EAs. Because of this method of systematic random selection, communes/blocks that were large in size had one or rnore EAs selected into the sample while communes/blocks that were very small in size were excluded from the sample. In each selected EA, all households were interviewed for the VNMRS.

To evaluate the representativity of the VNMRS, EA weights were calculated based on the selection probability at tile various sampling stages of the VNMRS: also, the percent distribution of households in the VNMRS across urban/rural strata and provinces was estimated and compared with the percent distribution of the 1996 population across the same strata. The distribution obtaiued from the VNMRS agrees closely with that of the 1996 population

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VNDHS-II SAMPLE

The sample for the VNDHS-II was stratified and selected in two stages. There were two principal sampling domains: the group of 15 project provinces and the group of other provinces. In the group of project provinces, all 15 provinces were included in the salnple. At the first stage. 70 PSUs corresponding to the EAs as defined in the VNMRS were selected from the VNMRS with equal probability, the size of the EA in the VNMRS being very uniform. and hence sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) was not necessary. The list of households interviewed for the VNMRS (updated when necessary) were used as the frame for the second-stage sampling, in which households were selected for interview during the main survey fieldwork. Ever-married women between the ages of 15 and 49 were identified in these households and interviewed.

In the group of other provinces, an additional stage was added in order to reduce field costs although this might increase sampling errors. In the first stage, 20 provinces, serving as PSUs. were selected with PPS. the size being the population of the provinces estimated in 1997. In the second stage, 135 secondary sampling units corresponding to the EAs were selected in the same manner as for the project provinces.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Three types of questionnaires were used in the VNDHS-II: the Household Questionnaire, the Individual Questionnaire, and the Community/Health Facility Questionnaire. A draft of the first two questionnaires was prepared using the DHS Model A Questionnaire. A user workshop was organized to discuss the contents of the questionnaires. Additions and modifications to the draft of the questionnaires were made after the user workshop and in consultation with staff from Macro International Inc., and with members of the Technical Working Group, who were convened for the purpose of providing technical assistance to the GSO in planning and conducting the survey. The questionnaires were developed in English and translated into and printed in Vietnamese. The draft questionnaires were pretested in two clusters in Hanoi City (one urban and one rural cluster).

a) The Household Questionnaire was used to enumerate all usual members and visitors in selected households and to collect information on age, sex, education, marital status, and relationship to the head of household. The main purpose of the Household Questionnaire was to identify women eligible for the individual interview (ever-married women age 15-49). In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, material used for the floor and roof,

In 2023, Vietnam's human health and social work activities sector accounted for *** percent of the country's total GDP, equivalent to around ***** trillion Vietnamese dong. In that year, Vietnam's GDP amounted to approximately **** thousand trillion Vietnamese dong.

Historical dataset showing Vietnam healthcare spending per capita by year from 2000 to 2022.

In 2022, the domestic private health expenditure as a share of current health expenditure in Vietnam was ***** percent. Between 2000 and 2022, the figure dropped by *** percentage points, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

The domestic general government health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) in Vietnam was *** percent in 2022. Between 2000 and 2022, the share rose by **** percentage points, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend.

In 2022, the consumption value of health and wellness products in Vietnam reached around **** billion U.S. dollars. The value of health and wellness product consumption in the country was forecasted to be around **** billion U.S. dollars by 2025.

In 2021, current health expenditure accounted for **** percent of the GDP in Vietnam. The current health expenditure covers the preventive and curative provision of health services, family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health.Health expenditure in VietnamIn general, health expenditure in Vietnam is comparable to countries with similar income levels. However, health spending per capita in Vietnam has been increasing significantly, rising from under **** U.S. dollars in 2010 to above ***** U.S. dollars in 2021. The rise came from domestic government spending on health as well as social insurance expenditure. In recent years, domestic health expenditure has been accounting for most of the current health expenditure in the country. Health insurance in VietnamIn 2021, health insurance expenditure in Vietnam amounted to about **** trillion Vietnamese dong. The number of people participating in health insurance in Vietnam reached approximately ** million in that year, indicating a steady increase in the past years. As of 2020, the poor, the ethnic minorities as well as under 6-year-old and above 80-year-old were fully covered by social health insurance through government full subsidies.

Context

On December 31, 2019, Chinese officials informed the first case of COVID-19 in Wuhan (China). Around the end of January, 2020, many countries (the U.S., the UK, South Korea, etc.), including Vietnam reported their first COVID-19 cases.

Since then, each country has their own specific strategy to contain the outbreak. Most of the countries have now shifted from the containment (early tracking, isolating the infection sources) to serious mitigation (tactics to reduce transmission) paradigms. Although loosing some F0 cases, Vietnam still has remained safely in the containment stage.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F3439828%2Fbe8a17529fc1b48e3c44be94afe75529%2FVietnam_trend.png?generation=1588195825303050&alt=media" alt="">

Vietnam currently has only 270 COVID-19 confirmed cases in total with NO FATALITIES. And now, Vietnam is on its 13 straight days with no new local transmitted cases and 5 straight days without any imported cases (Updated on April 29, 2020). This leave us so many question to ask.

1. What has happened in Vietnam? Was the number of COVID-19 cases reported by Vietnamese officials undercounted? Did testing work well in Vietnam?

2. Did the Vietnam government suppressed information about their local COVID-19 pandemic? And if not, with such the 'real' low number of cases and no death, how did Vietnam contain the virus?

3. What did we know about the Vietnam COVID-19 patients? Is there characteristics of the patients that helps slow down the infection rate in Vietnam?

One remarkable thing about Vietnam health care system is the fact that privacy laws are not as stringent as in the US, Canada or the EU. Therefore, COVID-19 patient data in Vietnam is publicly available. For some cases, detail gets seriously down to their names, their personal contacts, daily activities and even their habits.

To help answer some of the above questions, I decided to collect the Vietnam data and study it independently using all the information available on the internet. I hope this dataset will provide some insights into the COVID-19 pandemic at the specific country level.

Collection methodology

• Data was acquired by web scrapping with manually curated from the Vietnam Ministry of Health's website (https://ncov.moh.gov.vn/) and other mainstream media in Vietnam (which were cited specifically in each data row).
• The world data was obtained from the data repository for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Visual Dashboard operated by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (JHU CSSE). https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19

Disclaimer:

• This is my personal work with no link to any organization. Although this analysis is data-driven, my comments reflect my personal perspectives.
• My results are based on the data collected from the Vietnam Health Ministry website and the mainstream media in Vietnam. The data might be biased and reflects what is publicly available on the internet. However, it can served as a good reference for someone who are curious about the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam. Some information conflicts (about the data) would be explained in detail in the exploration notebook that goes together with this dataset.

A full report and visualization for this dataset can be found in my Medium site.

Dataset was updated until May 10, 2020.

No of Bed: Medical Service data was reported at 54.300 Unit in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 57.200 Unit for 2016. No of Bed: Medical Service data is updated yearly, averaging 57.100 Unit from Sep 1991 (Median) to 2017, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.500 Unit in 1991 and a record low of 51.064 Unit in 2006. No of Bed: Medical Service data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by General Statistics Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.G057: Health Statistics: Number of Bed for Healthcare Centre.

According to a survey conducted by Q&Me in May 2021 in Vietnam, eating a healthy diet was the leading kind of actions to improve physical conditions among Vietnamese respondents, as stated by ** percent of them. Meanwhile, ** percent of them reported quitting smoking and drinking less to improve their health.

In 2022, P/S was the most chosen FMCG brand in the health and beauty category in rural areas in Vietnam, having a penetration rate of **** percent, followed by Lifebuoy with a penetration rate of **** percent. P/S is a brand by Unilever, specializing in dental care products.