In 2023, around 4.5 million incidents of crime were recorded in China. That was about 73,000 cases more than in the previous year, when 4.42 million incidents were reported. Crime in China The total number of crimes in China increased steadily from around 2.2 million incidents in 1999 to nearly 7.2 million in 2015. Since 2015, the number of recorded crimes started to drop, most probably due to new protection and surveillance technologies. In relation to the population size of 1.4 billion people in China, the number of crimes committed is not very high compared to other countries. For example, the United Sates reported more crimes in 2022 than all of China, although the total population of China was considerably greater. The crime rate of Singapore, as an example for a country in the Asia Pacific region, is also quite a bit higher than in China. However, one must bear in mind that the definition of crimes, the willingness to report crimes, and accounting measures may vary in different countries. Most common crimes in China When it comes to different types of crimes, theft and fraud are far the most common crimes committed in China. In 2023, these two categories accounted for around 60 percent of all criminal incidents. Theft was also the crime that decreased most in recent years, while technological options for property protection and surveillance in general have improved significantly. The number of murders was relatively low at 5,443 cases, which was around 0.39 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

China: Homicides per 100,000 people: The latest value from 2017 is 0.6 homicides per 100,000 people, unchanged from 0.6 homicides per 100,000 people in 2016. In comparison, the world average is 7.4 homicides per 100,000 people, based on data from 97 countries. Historically, the average for China from 1995 to 2017 is 1.4 homicides per 100,000 people. The minimum value, 0.6 homicides per 100,000 people, was reached in 2016 while the maximum of 2.2 homicides per 100,000 people was recorded in 1995.

This statistic presents the results of a survey on perceived leading causes of death through interpersonal violence in China as of 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, Chinese respondents overestimated the number of violent deaths caused by firearms and knives. Around 21 percent of respondents thought that most people killed through interpersonal violence died from firearms, when the actual share of firearm victims was around four percent of all violent deaths in China.

In 2023, there were around 5,443 murder cases registered by the police in China. While the number of murder cases has decreased gradually over recent years, the number of rape crimes has remained comparatively stable.

Number, percentage and rate (per 100,000 population) of homicide victims, by racialized identity group (total, by racialized identity group; racialized identity group; South Asian; Chinese; Black; Filipino; Arab; Latin American; Southeast Asian; West Asian; Korean; Japanese; other racialized identity group; multiple racialized identity; racialized identity, but racialized identity group is unknown; rest of the population; unknown racialized identity group), gender (all genders; male; female; gender unknown) and region (Canada; Atlantic region; Quebec; Ontario; Prairies region; British Columbia; territories), 2019 to 2023.

This data is provided on a one-time basis from time to time, and is public data that provides crime statistics by region compiled by the National Police Agency as of 2023. Various crime types such as violent crimes, intelligent crimes, theft, and violence are subdivided into city/county/district levels, and for foreign criminals, crime occurrence figures by nationality (such as China, Vietnam, and Russia) are also included. This data can be used to analyze regional crime concentration, crime patterns related to foreigners, and spatial distribution by crime type. This data is used for establishing local security strategies by the police, crime prevention plans in areas with a high concentration of foreigners, space-based crime research by research institutes, and establishment of regional prevention measures by public institutions.

Vietnam crime rate per 100K population for 2011 was 1.54, a 0.57% increase from 2010.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Vietnam crime rate per 100K population for 2010 was <strong>1.53</strong>, a <strong>7.2% increase</strong> from 2009.</li>
<li>Vietnam crime rate per 100K population for 2009 was <strong>1.43</strong>, a <strong>11.76% increase</strong> from 2008.</li>
<li>Vietnam crime rate per 100K population for 2008 was <strong>1.28</strong>, a <strong>7.42% decline</strong> from 2007.</li>
</ul>Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is thus usually excluded.

Hong Kong HK: Intentional Homicides: Female: per 100,000 Female data was reported at 0.967 Ratio in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.316 Ratio for 2012. Hong Kong HK: Intentional Homicides: Female: per 100,000 Female data is updated yearly, averaging 0.506 Ratio from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2013, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.967 Ratio in 2013 and a record low of 0.239 Ratio in 2011. Hong Kong HK: Intentional Homicides: Female: per 100,000 Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Intentional homicides, female are estimates of unlawful female homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is thus usually excluded.; ; UN Office on Drugs and Crime's International Homicide Statistics database.; ;

Switzerland crime rate per 100K population for 2021 was 0.48, a 11.19% decline from 2020.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>Switzerland crime rate per 100K population for 2020 was <strong>0.54</strong>, a <strong>1.44% increase</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>Switzerland crime rate per 100K population for 2019 was <strong>0.54</strong>, a <strong>8.65% decline</strong> from 2018.</li>
<li>Switzerland crime rate per 100K population for 2018 was <strong>0.59</strong>, a <strong>10.29% increase</strong> from 2017.</li>
</ul>Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is thus usually excluded.

The gender or sex ratio in China has been a contentious issue since the introduction of the one-child policy in 1979, intended to limit the population of the country. Although the policy is no longer in place, the population gender difference throughout the country is still evident. In 2023, fifteen to nineteen-year-old children had the largest gender disparity of 115.3 males to every 100 females. Gender imbalance While the difference of gender at birth has been decreasing in the country over the past decade, China still boasts the world’s most skewed sex ratio at birth at around 110 males born for every 100 females as of 2023. That means there are about 31 million more men in the country than women. This imbalance likely came from the country’s traditional preference for male children to continue the family lineage, in combination with the population control policies enforced. Where does that leave the population? The surplus of young, single men across the country poses a risk for China in many different socio-economic areas. Some of the roll-on effects include males overrepresenting specific labor markets, savings rates increasing, consumption reducing and violent crime increasing across the country. However, the adult mortality rate in China, that is, the probability of a 15-year-old dying before reaching age 60, was significantly higher for men than for women. For the Chinese population over 60 years of age, the gender ratio is in favor of women, with more females outliving their male counterparts.

Mexican manufacturing job loss induced by competition with China increases cocaine trafficking and violence, particularly in municipalities with transnational criminal organizations. When it becomes more lucrative to traffic drugs because changes in local labor markets lower the opportunity cost of criminal employment, criminal organizations plausibly fight to gain control. The evidence supports a Becker-style model in which the elasticity between legitimate and criminal employment is particularly high where criminal organizations lower illicit job search costs, where the drug trade implies higher pecuniary returns to violent crime, and where unemployment disproportionately affects low-skilled men.

Data collection and analysis process for sexual crime news study.

From the early 1980s the proportion of male births in China has risen sharply with an average of 120 male births for every 100 female. These unprecedented sex ratio imbalances are now affecting the reproductive age groups, with 20 million excess men of reproductive age by 2020. Yet almost no empirical studies exist which explore this phenomenon, so the consequences of this huge surplus of excess men remains unknown. The overall objective of the study was to explore, through comparisons of urban and rural settings in three provinces, the demographic, social and psychological consequences of high sex ratios on (a) young men, (b) young women and (c) society more generally.

The specific objectives were:

• to compare key socio-demographic indicators for areas with differing sex ratios;
• to explore and understand the experiences of young men and women living in environments with different sex ratios and their perceptions, if any, of the impact of excess males on society;
• to explore the psychological and social impact of the sex ratio for partnered and unpartnered men and women;
• to test hypotheses derived from the literature, including that in high sex ratio areas men are more vulnerable to depression and aggression, women have better mental health with less depression and anxiety, and violent crime and prostitution are more common.

Analysis results of responsibility attribution to perpetrators in sexual crime news reports of People’s Daily Online.

Results of the analysis on the report form of the People’s Daily Online news on sexual crimes.

This dataset lists inmates incarcerated at Cockatoo Island prison in Sydney (Australia) between 1847-1869. It offers insights into how the colonial criminal justice system operated after New South Wales’ transition from a penal colony to a ‘free’ colony when transportation ceased in 1840. It is a useful tool for genealogists tracing the lives of their criminal ancestors and for historians of crime and punishment researching nineteenth-century Australia. The dataset includes prisoners' names and aliases, their ship of arrival, place of origin, details of their colonial conviction(s) (trial place, court, offence, sentence), date(s) admitted to Cockatoo Island, and when and how they were discharged from Cockatoo Island. In some cases, it also includes prisoners' place of origin, occupation, biometric information (height, eye/hair colour, complexion, scars, tattoos), 'condition upon arrival' (convict or free), and (for convicts) details of their original conviction in Britain or Ireland. As a UNESCO World Heritage 'Convict Site' Cockatoo Island is best known as a site of secondary punishment for recidivist convicts, especially those transferred from Norfolk Island. This dataset demonstrates the diversity of the prison population: including nominally free convicts (ticket-of-leave holders), migrants from Britain, China and other Australian colonies drawn in by the gold rush, exiles from Port Phillip, Aboriginal Australians convicted during frontier warfare, colonial-born white Australians (including bushrangers), and black, Indian and American sailors visiting Sydney.

Significant attention has been paid to the more than 160,000 British and Irish convicts who were transported Australia as colonists between 1787 and 1868. Much less has been said about those punished within the criminal justice system that arose in the wake of New South Wales' transition from 'penal' to 'free' colony (Finnane, 1997: x-xi). Cockatoo Island prison opened in 1839, a year before convict transportation to New South Wales ceased, and was intended to punish the most recidivist and violent of the transported convicts. This archetype has prevailed in historical discourses, and they have been described as 'criminal lunatics... [and] criminals incapable of reform' (Parker, 1977: 61); 'the most desperate and abandoned characters' (O'Carrigan, 1994: 64); and people of 'doubtful character' (NSW Government Architect's Office, 2009: 29). Yet, this was far from the truth. My analysis of 1666 prisoners arriving between 1839-52 show they were overwhelming non-violent offenders, tried for minor property crimes at lower courts. They were also far more diverse population than commonly recognised, including Indigenous Australian, Chinese and black convicts alongside majority British and Irish men (Harman, 2012). This project will make publicly available extremely detailed records relating to Cockatoo Island's prisoners to show people firsthand exactly who made up the inmate population. The digital version of the original registers will include information on convicts' criminal record, but also their job, whether they were married or had children, and even what they looked like. It will also be a name-searchable database so family historians can search for their ancestors, who may have been incarcerated on the island. As it stands, they will be able find information online about ancestors who were transported as long as they remained in the 'convict system', but they may seem to disappear as soon as they are awarded their ticket-of-leave and become 'free'. However, many former convicts, and free immigrants, to New South Wales were convicted locally, and these records can give us information about their lives within the colony. The type of data included in these registers will also allow researchers to investigate questions including: (1) were convicts more likely to offend again than free immigrants? (2) Were the children of convicts more likely to offend than others? (3) Did the influx of mostly Chinese migrants during the gold rush actually lead to a crime-wave, as reported in the press? (4) Were laws introduced between 1830 and 1853, actually effective at prosecuting bushrangers (highwaymen)? (5) Was the criminal-judicial system in Australia more rehabilitative, despite developing out of a harsher convict transportation system? Alongside the dataset, the website will include 'life-biographies' of individual convicts to show you how this dataset can be used to piece together a life-story. It also to warns against understanding a real-life person only through the records of their conviction. There many of fascinating stories to tell, including those 'John Perry' ('Black Perry') the prizewinning boxer; the love story of the 'Two Fredericks'; and Tan, the Chinese gold-digger who resisted his incarceration. In addition, there will be teaching resources for secondary school children and undergraduate university students who want to engage directly...

Analysis results of information disclosure index of perpetrators in sexual crimes news reports of People’s Daily Online.

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Self Defense Products Market Size 2025-2029

The self defense products market size is forecast to increase by USD 937.2 million at a CAGR of 6.8% between 2024 and 2029.

The market experiences robust growth, fueled by escalating personal safety concerns and increasing government initiatives aimed at safeguarding citizens. These factors create a significant demand for self defense solutions, particularly in regions with high crime rates. However, market expansion encounters challenges, including regulatory hurdles that impact adoption and the proliferation of fraudulent and counterfeit self defense products. Manufacturers must navigate these obstacles by adhering to stringent regulatory guidelines and implementing robust quality control measures to ensure product authenticity. Additionally, innovation and technological advancements in self defense solutions, such as smart personal safety devices and non-lethal weapons, offer lucrative opportunities for companies to differentiate themselves and cater to evolving consumer needs. Plastic components are increasingly being used for various self-defense tools, such as lightweight, durable handles and holsters, contributing to product accessibility and affordability.
By staying informed of these trends and addressing challenges effectively, businesses can capitalize on the market's growth potential and maintain a competitive edge.

What will be the Size of the Self Defense Products Market during the forecast period?

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The self-defense industry in the US continues to evolve, with a focus on portability and technological advancements to address safety concerns in various sectors. The market encompasses weapons such as projectile-based self-defense tools like pepper spray, which induces temporary blindness, and tactical gloves, as well as home security devices like smart safety alarms. Stalking and violence, including robbery, remain significant concerns for women and the disabled. Online channels have become essential, offering personalized shopping experiences for the best self-defense products.
Technological innovations, such as AI-enabled devices, are increasingly popular. Martial arts instruction and techniques remain crucial for self-defense education. Awareness initiatives and empowerment are key drivers, with solutions extending to the workplace. Offline channels, including tactile products like folding knives and stun guns, continue to hold relevance. Cybersecurity is a growing concern, with online retailers implementing

How is this Self Defense Products Industry segmented?

The self defense products industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Product

  Folding knives
  Tactical gloves
  Pepper sprays
  Stun guns
  Others


Material

  Metal
  Polymer and plastic
  Chemical-based


End-user

  Law enforcement
  Civilians
  Security personnel
  Military and defense


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    The Netherlands
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Distribution Channel Insights

The offline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the market, offline distribution channels continue to hold significant weight. Consumers prioritize personal safety and often prefer the tactile experience and immediate access to products offered by physical stores. Brick-and-mortar businesses, such as specialized self defense shops and sporting goods outlets, provide expert advice and product demonstrations, bolstering customer confidence. These establishments also adhere to local regulations and age restrictions, ensuring responsible sales of self defense equipment. Products like pepper sprays, stun guns, and personal alarms are commonly found in offline retailers. They cater to various safety needs, including women's self-defense, safety for children and the elderly, workplace safety, and emergency preparedness.

Neighborhood watch programs and self-defense classes are also often organized through local community centers and offline channels. Offline distribution channels continue to evolve, with personalized shopping experiences and home security devices becoming increasingly popular. Product variety caters to beginners and advanced users alike, addressing threats in everyday life, such as bullying, harassment, assault, and stalking. Companies continue to invest in offline channels, recognizing the importance of face-to-face interactions and the trust they build with customers. Moreover, offline self-defense training and techniques remain essential for seniors and individuals with disabilitie

Analysis results of places where cases of sexual crimes are reported by People’s Daily Online.

At the beginning of 2025, the United States had the highest number of incarcerated individuals worldwide, with around 1.8 million people in prison. China followed with around 100,000 fewer prisoners. Brazil followed in third. The incarceration problem in the U.S. The United States has an incredibly high number of incarcerated individuals. Therefore, the incarceration problem has become a widely contested issue, because it impacts disadvantaged people and minorities the most. Additionally, the prison system has become capitalized by outside corporations that fund prisons, but there is still a high cost to taxpayers. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the amount of private prisons that have been created. For-profit prison companies have come under scrutiny because of their lack of satisfactory staff and widespread lobbying. Violent offenses are the most common type of offense among prisoners in the U.S. Incarceration rates worldwide El Salvador had the highest rate of incarceration worldwide, at 1,659 prisoners per 100,000 residents as of February 2025. Cuba followed in second with 794 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants. The incarceration rate is a better measure to use when comparing countries than the total prison populations, which will naturally have the most populous countries topping the list.