This dataset contains fMRI data of the same stimuli during mental imagery (retro-cue task), unconscious and conscious perception (backward masking) with a animacy categorization task and visibility/vividness ratings.

Behavioural and eye-movement data gathered from five experiments that examined visual search behaviour/performance in stereoscopic displays. Experiments 1-4 involved examining search of stereoscopic displays under varying levels of overlap (0%, 45%, 90%), and varying task conditions (participants were asked to search for either one or two targets). Each of the first four experiments involved search for a different stimulus type (covering opaque polygons, transparent polygons, household objects and X-ray images respectively). Experiment 5 involved training participants to search through X-ray images for a series of sessions either in the presence of stereoscopic depth, or in flat displays, following by a transfer session to flat displays. Experiments 1-4 involved eye-tracking and Experiment 5 involved eye-tracking every four sessions, as well as in the transfer session.

A considerable amount of research has examined the problems associated with searching for multiple target objects, with a particular focus on X-ray baggage screening, where security personnel must search for a number of different objects simultaneously.

The goal of this project is to extend the previous research that has been conducted by examining the complexities associated with X-ray images, such as transparency and overlap. Security search for threat items (weapons) within X-ray images of baggage presents a challenge for the visual system because X-ray images do not conform to the conventional rules of solidity, interposition and opacity. In X-ray images, transparency causes colour changes at points of overlap. The colours representing each object interact at areas of overlap in a way that is largely unfamiliar to the visual system.

In this project, a series of experiments will be conducted using eye-tracking methodology to understand and explore the complexities involved in searching displays of this type. Furthermore, the displays will be presented in both 2D and 3D, to determine whether any difficulties associated with searching transparent overlapping images can be overcome when the objects are separated into different layers of depth.

1Insufficient to moderate overlap in at least 3 vertebral levels.2Insufficient to moderate overlap in less than 3 vertebral levels.3Global substantial overlap agreement.4Global perfect overlap agreement.Criteria and scores for the visual evaluation.

Collection description

Subject species

homo sapiens

Modality

fMRI-BOLD

Analysis level

meta-analysis

Cognitive paradigm (task)

None / Other

Map type

R

Decoding of remembered vibrotactile frequencies during working memory delay (unthresholded)

Collection description

Previous working memory (WM) research based on non-human primate electrophysiology and human EEG has shown that frontal brain regions maintain frequencies of flutter stimulation across different sensory modalities by means of a supramodal parametric WM code. These findings imply that frontal regions encode the memorized frequencies in a sensory-unspecific, quantitative format. Here, we explored which brain regions maintain information about frequencies provided by different sensory modalities at the level of activity pattern across fMRI voxel populations. Moreover, we sought evidence for a supramodal multivariate WM representation. Participants maintained the same set of frequencies of tactile vibration and visual flicker for a 6 s WM delay in a frequency discrimination task. A support vector regression model for multivariate pattern analysis was applied. We observed that sensory cortices were only selective for memoranda of their corresponding modalities, while frontoparietal regions exhibited distinguishable activity patterns to memorized frequencies regardless of sensory modality. A common multivariate code was not evident in our data. Collectively, we show that mnemonic representations for stimulus frequencies are maintained throughout the cortical hierarchy, in line with the suggested transformation of information across different representational formats. Although evidence for a supramodal multivariate code is absent, our findings underpin the generalized role of the frontoparietal cortex for maintaining quantitative information across sensory modalities.

Subject species

homo sapiens

Modality

fMRI-BOLD

Analysis level

group

Cognitive paradigm (task)

delayed match to sample task

Map type

T

The percentage overlap of the white badge within individual and between all individual pairwise combinations

ObjectivesTo examine the topographical correlation between ellipsoid zone loss and telangiectasia in the deep capillary plexus in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel).Methods38 eyes (20 subjects) diagnosed with MacTel were imaged with OCTA between March 2016 and June 2019 in this single center, cross-sectional observational study. The en face OCTA and OCT were evaluated for areas of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and ellipsoid zone loss, respectively, and their outlines were superimposed to study their overlap (mm2). The primary outcome was percentage of overlap and its relationship to MacTel stage. Secondary outcomes included the relationship between neovascularization and hyperreflective foci as well as correlations between ellipsoid zone loss, deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and visual acuity.ResultsIn nonproliferative MacTel stage, ellipsoid zone loss was localized to margins of telangiectatic areas (mean overlap = 15.2%). In proliferative stages, ellipsoid zone loss showed a higher degree of overlap with telangiectatic areas (mean overlap = 62.8%). Overlap increased with advancing MacTel stages, with an overall average of 45.3%. Overlap correlated highly with ellipsoid zone loss (r = 0.831; p<0.0001). Telangiectasia was present in all 38 eyes (range: 0.08mm2–0.99mm2), while ellipsoid zone loss was absent in 6 (range: 0.00–3.32mm2). Visual acuity correlated most strongly with ellipsoid zone loss (r = 0.569; p = 0.0002), followed by overlap (r = 0.544; p = 0.0004), and finally, telangiectasia (r = 0.404; p<0.0118). Presence of hyperreflective foci on OCT correlated with the presence and intraretinal location of neovascularization.ConclusionsEllipsoid zone loss occurs at the margins of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia in nonproliferative MacTel, with progressively increasing overlap as MacTel advances, peaking in proliferative disease. Deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and its overlap with ellipsoid zone loss are two promising markers of nonproliferative MacTel, while hyper-reflective foci are markers for proliferative MacTel.

The Gap-overlap task is a gaze contingent paradigm that measures visual attention shifting between a central and a peripheral stimulus. This is thought to be a key process underlying behavioral control. The Gap-overlap task contains three conditions; i) Gap, in which the central stimulus disappears 200ms before the appearance of the peripheral target; ii) Baseline, in which the central stimulus disappears simultaneously with the appearance of the peripheral target; iii) Overlap, in which the central stimulus remains on screen during peripheral target presentation. In the prosaccade version of the task, which is followed by the antisaccade version of the task, children are instructed to look at the peripheral stimulus appearing on the screen. During the task, a Tobii TX300 eye-tracker records eye movements at 300 Hz. Key dependent variables are latency to shift attention to the peripheral stimulus in the Gap vs Baseline conditions (Facilitation) and Gap vs Overlap conditions (Disengagement). Data were collected up until May 2022. An infant version of the the Gap Overlap - Prosaccade task was conducted in YOUth Baby and Child at 5 months, 10 months and 3 years old.

Average feature point distribution uniformity across image groups in the Oxford dataset.

Mean precision for image groups based on the Oxford dataset.

The table reports the overlap (fifth column) between each shape-based category (first column) and the D-MST neuronal-based cluster (second column) containing the best matching sub-tree of contiguous objects. Same table structure and symbols as in Table 1.

Data collection took place at Macquarie University in Sydney Australia. The study was approved by the Macquarie University Ethics Committee.

We used time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis on whole-brain EEG data from people with and without vicarious touch experiences to test whether seen touch evokes overlapping neural representations with the first-hand experience of touch. Participants felt touch to the fingers (tactile trials) or watched carefully matched videos of touch to another person’s fingers (visual trials).

There were 12 runs in total, divided into four blocks of 36 trials (with alternating sets of nine tactile and nine visual trials) resulting in a total of 1728 trials (864 tactile and 864 visual). There were an additional 240 target trials (20 per run), which were excluded from analysis.

Between trials there was an inter-trial-interval of 800ms. Each run lasted approximately 7-8 minutes with short breaks between blocks and runs.

Whole brain 64-channel EEG data were recorded using an Active Two Biosemi system (Biosemi, Inc.) at 2048Hz and 10-20 standard caps. Stimuli were presented using MATLAB (MathWorks) and Psychtoolbox (Brainard and Vision). The experiment presentation script, all analysis code, and stimuli are made available (see code and stimuli folder). The data is made available both in raw form (see each participant's file) and after processing (see derivatives).

Interactions between conspecifics are often composed of one or more discrete behavioural displays. Here we evaluate a behaviour used in aggressive interactions between conspecific males of 10 species of leaf warblers (Phylloscopus). Using high-speed videography and methods derived from geometric morphometrics, we find that the form of a primary visual display differs significantly among species, but with large intraspecific variation and much overlap in shape space. Additional interspecific differences include a species which does not move its wings at all, two quantitatively different displays in the behavioural repertoire, and the loss or gain of a pale patch on the wing. We conclude that display evolution proceeds largely by adding or subtracting discrete components from an established repertoire, accompanied by slight modifications of the core display. In these ways, more complex displays evolve on the background of the ancestral signal, thereby enabling modifications to appea..., We induced aggressive displays using song playback, filmed the displays using high-speed video, and adapted methods from geometric morphometrics to ask the extent to which the form of the display is conserved or varies across species. Using these videos, we also collected information on wing flick rate. The data was processed using QuickTime player to measure rates, and all further analyses conducted in R. We also measured habitat illuminance in the primary breeding habitats across the elevational gradient using Onset light and temperature loggers. Data from the loggers were downloaded to the HOBOconnect app via Bluetooth at the time of collection and analysed using scripts written for R. , # Data from: Building variation in visual displays through discrete modifications of motion

Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.1rn8pk177

Description of the data and file structure

Files and variables

For each figure and corresponding analyses there is a folder (zip file) that includes the code and related files. All compressed archives will expand to the folder structure containing: code, data, figures and output.Â

• Code is where the R or R markdown scripts are located. In Fig1_Phylogeny and Fig3_Rates the R Markdown scripts are located in the main folder.Â
• Data contains csv files or txt files necessary to run the analyses.Â
• Figures is where the final figures are saved to.
• Outputs contain several subfolders labeled by file extension. For example, graphs or other figures generated by the code can be saved in the tifs or jpegs folders, while the results of an analysis would be saved in the csv folder.

Note that several of these a...,

This dataset was obtained from the OpenfMRI project (http://www.openfmri.org). Accession #: ds000122 Description: Visual Attention Task (block design)

Please cite the following references if you use these data:

J Xu, S Zhang, VD Calhoun, J Monterosso, MN Potenza 2013 Task-related concurrent but opposite modulations of overlapping functional networks as revealed by spatial ICA. NeuroImage 79:62-71 (PMCID: PMC3677796)

04/08/2016: initial release

This dataset is made available under the Public Domain Dedication and License v1.0, whose full text can be found at http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1.0/. We hope that all users will follow the ODC Attribution/Share-Alike Community Norms (http://www.opendatacommons.org/norms/odc-by-sa/); in particular, while not legally required, we hope that all users of the data will acknowledge the OpenfMRI project and NSF Grant OCI-1131441 (R. Poldrack, PI) in any publications.

Events Headings: -ReactionTime: Reaction Time -ResponseButtonCode: Response Button Code (33 is hit, 0 is no response, others were wrong response) -OnsetBlock: Starting time of each block -OnsetTrial: Starting time of each trial -TaskLevel: Task level -TargetNontarget: 1=target; 0=nontarget

Closely related species often exhibit similarities in appearance and behaviour, yet when related species exist in sympatry, signals may diverge to enhance species recognition. Prior comparative studies provided mixed support for this hypothesis, but the relationship between sympatry and signal divergence is likely non-linear. Constraints on signal diversity may limit signal divergence, especially when large numbers of species are sympatric. We tested the effect of sympatric overlap on plumage colour and song divergence in wood-warblers (Parulidae), a speciose group with diverse visual and vocal signals. We also tested how number of sympatric species influences signal divergence. Allopatric species pairs had overall greater plumage and song divergence compared to sympatric species pairs. However, among sympatric species pairs, plumage divergence positively related to degree of sympatric overlap in males and females, while male song bandwidth and syllable rate divergence negatively related to sympatric overlap. In addition, as the number of species in sympatry increased, average signal divergence among sympatric species decreased, which likely due to constraints on warbler perceptual space and signal diversity. Our findings reveal that sympatry influences signal evolution in warblers, though not always as predicted, and that number of sympatric species can limit sympatry’s influence on signal evolution.

Shows the mean operation time of each algorithm on Oxford dataset in units of seconds.

The mean RMSE of each group is shown in units of pixels.

We showcase the results of our graph-based diffusion technique utilizing random walks with restarts on a multi-layered graph using the publicly accessible Pl@ntleaves (H. Go¨eau, P. Bonnet, A. Joly, N. Boujemaa, D. Barth´el´emy, J.-F. Molino, P. Birnbaum, E. Mouysset, M. Picard, The clef 2011 plant images classification task, Vol. 1177, 2011.) dataset. This dataset comprises 233 high-resolution leaf images taken in their natural environments, presenting various segmentation challenges such as shadows, diverse lighting conditions, and leaf overlap. Our method primarily focuses on identifying leaf regions by initially locating the leaves within the images and then propagating intensity scores from foreground templates to image boundaries to generate saliency maps. By applying a threshold to these saliency maps produced through the diffusion process, we derive binary masks that effectively separate the leaves from the backgrounds. Ground truth images are provided for visual evaluation of our algorithm's performance.Folders description: image: RGB images mask: Ground truth masks FG_templates: foreground templates and bounding boxes defined on dataset images
Salinecy_map: saliency maps obtained by our approach PR_masks: Predicted masks obtained by tresholding our salinecy maps Plant_Leaf_Segmentation: a compressed folder containing the above folders.

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technology is crucial for achieving spatial localization and autonomous navigation. Finding image features that are representative presents a key challenge in visual SLAM systems. The widely used ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotating BRIEF) algorithm achieves rapid image feature extraction. However, traditional ORB algorithms face issues such as dense, overlapping feature points, and imbalanced distribution, resulting in mismatches and redundancies. This paper introduces an image feature extraction algorithm called Adaptive Threshold and Local Gray Difference-ORB(ALGD-ORB) to address these limitations. Specifically, an adaptive threshold is employed to enhance feature point detection, and an improved quadtree method is used to homogenize feature point distribution. This method combines feature descriptors generated from both gray size and gray difference to enhance feature descriptor distinctiveness. By fusing these descriptors, their effectiveness is improved. Experimental results demonstrate that the ALGD-ORB algorithm significantly enhances the uniformity of feature point distribution compared to other algorithms, while maintaining accuracy and real-time performance.

This dataset contains abundance data for nine species of reef fish observed at 40 reef sites between Mobile Bay, Alabama and Saint Andrews Bay, Florida, during research cruises in April 2011, August 2011, and April 2012. It also contains gut content analysis data for two of these species - red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) and vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) - sampled from half of the sites during each cruise.