Access to a variety of United States birth and death files including fetal deaths: Birth Files, 1968-2009; 1995-2005; Fetal death file, 1982-2005; Mortality files, 1968-2009; Cohort-Linked birth/infant death files, 1983-1991; and Period-Linked birth/infant death files, 1995-2007

Access to a variety of United States birth and death files including fetal deaths: Birth Files, 1968-2009; 1995-2005; Fetal death file, 1982-2005; Mortality files, 1968-2009; Cohort-Linked birth/infant death files, 1983-1991; and Period-Linked birth/infant death files, 1995-2007

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Study (NHEFS) originated as a joint project between the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The design of NHEFS, which contains follow-up data on the NHANES I cohort, consisted of five steps. The first step focused on tracing and locating all subjects in the cohort or their proxies and determining their vital status. The second step involved the obtaining of death certificates for subjects who were deceased. Interviews with the participants or their proxies constituted the third phase of the follow-up. The fourth phase of the follow-up included measurements of pulse, blood pressure, and weight for interviewed respondents, and the fifth step was the acquisition of relevant hospital and nursing home records, including pathology reports and electrocardiograms. The respondent interview was designed to gather information on selected aspects of the subject's health history since the time of the NHANES I exam. This information included a history of the occurrence or recurrence of selected medical conditions, an assessment of behavioral, social, nutritional, and medical risk factors believed to be associated with these conditions, and an assessment of various aspects of functional status. Whenever possible, the questionnaire was designed to retain item comparability between NHANES I and NHEFS in order to measure change over time. However, questionnaire items were modified, added, or deleted when necessary to take advantage of recent improvements in questionnaire methodology. The Vital and Tracing Status file is a master file containing tracing, vital status, and demographic data for all NHEFS respondents. In addition, it provides users with information on the availability of different survey components for each respondent. For example, variables have been created to indicate whether a death certificate was received for a deceased subject, hospital records were received, or a follow-up interview was completed. The Health Care Facility Record file offers data on respondents who had reported an overnight stay in a health care facility after 1970. Information on the name and address of the facility, the date of the stay, and the reason for the stay was recorded. The Mortality Data file contains death certificate information for 1,935 NHEFS decedents. The death certificate information is for deaths occurring from 1971 to 1983.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Followup Study (NHEFS) is a longitudinal study that follows participants from the NHANES I who were aged 25-74 in 1971-1975. The NHEFS surveys were designed to investigate the association between factors measured at the baseline and the development of specific health conditions and functional limitations. Follow-up data were collected in 1982-1984 (ICPSR 8900), 1986 (ICPSR 9466), 1987 (ICPSR 9854), and 1992. The 1992 NHEFS collected information on changes in the health and functional status of the NHEFS cohort since the last contact period. The Vital and Tracing Status file (Part 1) provides summary information about the status of the NHEFS cohort. The Interview Data file (Part 2) covers selected aspects of the respondent's health history, including injuries, activities of daily living, vision and hearing, medical conditions, exercise, weight, family history of cancer, surgeries, smoking, alcohol use, and medical care utilization. The Health Care Facility Stay files (Parts 3 and 4) supply information about stays in hospitals, nursing homes, and mental health care facilities, as well as information abstracted from facility medical records. The Mortality Data file (Part 5) contains data abstracted from the death certificates for NHEFS decedents.

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study (NHEFS) is a longitudinal study which uses as its baseline those adult persons aged 25 to 74 years who were examined in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). The NHEFS surveys were designed to investigate the association between factors measured at the baseline and the development of specific health conditions. The NHEFS is comprised of a series of follow-up surveys, three of which have been completed. The first wave of data collection, the 1982-1984 NHEFS (ICPSR 8900), included all persons who were between 25 and 74 years of age at their NHANES I examination. The second wave of data collection, the 1986 NHEFS (ICPSR 9466), included the NHEFS cohort who were 55-74 years at their baseline examination and not known to be deceased at the time of the 1982-1984 NHEFS. The third wave, the 1987 NHEFS, was conducted for the entire nondeceased NHEFS cohort. The 1982-1984 NHEFS consisted of five steps. The first step focused on tracing and locating all subjects in the cohort or their proxies and determining their vital status. The second step involved obtaining death certificates for subjects who were deceased. Interviews with the participants or their proxies constituted the third phase of the follow-up. The fourth phase of the follow-up included measurements of pulse, blood pressure, and weight for interviewed respondents, and the fifth step was the acquisition of relevant hospital and nursing home records, including pathology reports and electrocardiograms. The 1986 NHEFS assessed changes to the health and functional status of the oldest members of the NHEFS cohort since the last contact period. The 1987 NHEFS also collected information on changes in the health and functional status of the NHEFS cohort since the last contact period. The Vital and Tracing Status file contains summary information about the status of the entire NHEFS cohort. The Health Care Facility Record file contains information on reports of stays in hospitals and nursing homes as well as information abstracted from facility medical records. The Mortality Data file contains data abstracted from the death certificates from all three NHEFS surveys. The Interview Data file contains information on selected aspects of the subject's health history since the time of the NHANES I exam.

Much of Argentina's modern society and culture is rooted in the Spanish Empire's colonization of the region in the 16th century, along with the influx of European migration to the country around the turn of the twentieth century. There are records of human presence in the region dating back to the paleolithic period (3.3 million to 9,650 BCE) and the Incan Empire is known to have extended into the region before Columbus' arrival in the Americas in 1492; however most of this culture and civilization was wiped out by Europeans in the 1500s. During Spanish colonization, the majority of Argentina was a part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (which also included territories in modern-day Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay) and was still economically bound to the Spanish crown. With a population of just 0.5 million in 1800, a combination of mass migration (particularly from Southern Europe) and high birth rates have helped Argentina's population grow above 45 million over the past two centuries.

Independence, Immigration and the Gold rush The age of enlightenment and revolutions in Europe inspired a longing in the region for independence, and Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 was the catalyst for the Spanish Empire's downfall in the Americas, with Argentinian independence declared in 1816. The Spanish military was then defeated in mid 1800s, but for the majority of the next century there was little political or economic stability in the region, with several small-scale civil wars between the different Argentinian states. Starting with the government of Julio Argentino Roca in 1880, ten consecutive federal governments actively pursued a liberal economic policy which led to a massive wave of state-promoted European immigration; so much so that the number of migrants received by Argentina in that period was second only to the United States worldwide. This immigration led to the rejuvenation and reinvention of Argentinian society and economy to such an extent, that by 1908 the country had the seventh largest economy in the world. This in turn led to further immigration and higher standards of living. It is also worth noting that the Tierra del Fuego gold rush that started around 1883 and lasted to around 1906 also contributed greatly to immigration. Unfortunately, Argentina was unable to retain it's acquired economic might; it failed to develop industrially at the same speed as the rest of the world, and the Great Depression of 1929 set in motion an economic decline that contributed to much civil and political unrest.

The impact of Perón, and modern Argentina
The election of Juan Perón in 1946 proved to be a defining point in Argentina's history; Perón was a demagogue who imprisoned (and reportedly tortured) his rivals and critics, and whose isolationist policies and radical spending contributed to severe inflation. With the death of Perón's extremely popular wife, Eva Duarte, in 1952, his popularity declined and he was eventually exiled following a coup in 1955. Despite this exile, Perón returned in 1973 and re-assumed the presidency, until his death in 1974, where he was the succeeded by his third wife. Peron's political philosophy, known as "Peronism", is a mixture of right wing nationalist and left wing populist theories; although Peronism has developed greatly over time, its core belief system is the foundation of Argentina's largest party, the Justicialist Party (although they have become increasingly left wing since the Kirchner administrations).

With the expulsion of Perón in 1955, Argentina's trend of military coups and failed governments continued, and the country faced further economic instability. Despite all of this, medical advancements and improvements to quality of life across the globe helped Argentina's mortality rate to decline, and the population grew at a faster rate than ever before. In April 1982, Argentine forces invaded the British territory of the Falkland Islands, leading to a ten week war between the nations, that ended with Argentina's surrender in June. The war had a relatively small death toll, but contributed to riots in Buenos Aires, which helped to topple the military dictatorship and established the current democratic system. Following a severe recession that began in 2001, President Néstor Kirchner assumed office in 2003, and his wife took over from 2007 to 2015; during the Kirchner administrations, more than eleven million people were lifted out of poverty, and Argentina's economy grew in stature to become one of the Group of Twenty.