The 44th federal election was held on September 20, 2021 in Canada, two years before the scheduled date. Public opinion was divided over Justin Trudeau's decision, and some people questioned the wisdom of holding the election in the midst of a pandemic, when some felt the debate should have been focused on more pressing issues. More than a third of Canadians did not vote. More than half of the abstainers surveyed the day after the results were released explained their non-vote by a feeling of indifference towards the electoral process, or by the fact that their vote would have no impact anyway. Yet, when looking at the results, the Canadian political map has changed very little compared to 2019.

This study consists of a survey administered to eligible Canadian voters after the 1965 national elections. Open-ended questions measured the respondents' attitudes toward the problems confronting Canada and various campaign issues, as well as their political efficacy and trust in government. Provincial and regional conflicts and affinities were explored through several questions inquiring which provinces were more powerful, better off, and worse off. The respondents were also queried about their political party attachments, voting behaviour, campaign activities, and attitudes toward campaign financing. Demographic data include age, sex, marital status, education, religion, occupation, and country of birth, if applicable.

Electoral participation in last provincial election, by sex and age group, Canada and provinces, 2013.

This survey assessed Canadians' political attitudes and voting behavior prior to the 2000 federal election. The survey included three components: the Campaign-Period Survey (CPS), the Post-Election Survey (PES), and the Mail-Back Survey (MBS). Approximately 46 percent of the telephone numbers included in the CPS were completed for a total of 3,651 interviews. Seventy-eight percent, or 2,860 of the CPS respondents, completed the PES survey, and 1,517 of the PES respondents completed the MBS. The CPS respondents were queried on their voting intentions, interest in the election and its media coverage, whether parties/candidates had contacted them during the campaign, the state of the economy, knowledge of the parties and leaders, personal stances on major policy issues such as cutting taxes, maintaining social programs, and the possible separation of Quebec from Canada, assessment of the Liberal government, and electoral expectations. Specific questions on political actions and personal character were posed regarding Prime Minister Jean Chretien, Conservative Party Leader Jean Charest, New Democratic Party Leader Alexa McDonough, Reform Party Leader Preston Manning, Bloc Quebecois Leader Gilles Duceppe, Premier Lucien Bouchard, and former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. The PES repeated many of the CPS questions, and addressed additional topics such as government spending, social issues including abortion, unions, businesses, education, health care, and capital punishment, Quebec separation, and attitudes toward social groups including big business, feminists, and aboriginal peoples. The MBS dealt with broader political issues and values, including the respondents' confidence in institutions, the distribution of power among various societal groups, and individual rights. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, ethnicity, political party, political orientation, voter participation history, education, marital status, religion, employment status, household income, union membership, country of birth, knowledge of Canadian political history, financial status, and disability status.

Electoral participation in last municipal election, by sex and age group, Canada and provinces, 2013.

The data provided in this study include interviews were conducted with almost 1 000 Canadians who did not vote in the 2000 election and a similar number who did vote. The data support the work of Professors Pammett and LeDuc, who provide a detailed analysis of the survey results and identify a number of factors which, in their assessment, are linked to non-voting. The findings about the level of voter participation of younger Canadians and their reasons for not voting merit particular attention.

This dataset contains Municipal post-election data, including (but not limited to): number of voters, voter turnout (%), alternative voting methods and other municipal election statistics.

Data produced by Elections Canada contain poll-by-poll voting results for individual polling stations in each Electoral District (ED) in Canada. Details are provided about candidates, party, voting results, margin of win, electoral district, and more. Summary tables are also available and include: Table 1 Number of electors and polling stations Table 2 Number of electors and polling stations for the 2011, 2008, 2006 and 2004 general elections Table 3 Number of ballots and voter turnout Table 4 Voter turnout for the 2011, 2008, 2006 and 2004 general elections Table 5 Distribution of valid votes, by voting method Table 6 Distribution of valid votes under Special Voting Rules Table 7 Distribution of seats, by political affiliation and sex Table 8 Number of valid votes, by political affiliation Table 9 Percentage of valid votes, by political affiliation Table 10 Number of candidates by percentage of valid votes received, by political affiliation Table 11 Voting results, by electoral district Table 12 List of candidates by electoral district and individual results Table 13: List of returning officers Elections Canada

This data collection contains seven files of Canadian census and election data, each corresponding to a particular electoral period when the number of constituencies was fixed. The data files include returns from the federal elections of 1908 and 1911 and data from the 1911 Census (Part 1), the elections of 1917 and 1921 and the 1921 Census (Part 2), the elections of 1925, 1926, and 1930 (Part 3), the elections of 1935, 1940, and 1945 (Part 4), the election of 1949 and the 1951 Census (Part 5), the elections of 1957, 1958, 1962, 1963, and 1965 and the 1961 Census (Part 6), and the election of 1968 (Part 7). The election data include information on the total valid vote cast and the percentage of the total vote received by each of the major parties, including the Conservative, Liberal, Socialist, Labor, Independent, Progressive, CCF, Social Credit, NDP, and Creditiste parties, as well as a total for all other parties. The census data provide demographic information on religion, including Anglican, Baptist, Jewish, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, United Church, and other denominational sects, and ethnic origin, including British, French, German, Italian, Scandinavian, Russian, Polish, Asiatic, Native, and others, as well as information on age, education, occupation, and income from the 1961 Census.

In the 2019 Canadian federal election, the Conservative Party received a total of nearly 6.16 million votes, compared to around 5.92 million votes for the Liberal Party. However, the Liberal Party leads with 157 electoral districts, while the the Conservative Party only secured 121 due to Canada's first-past-the-post electoral system.

These figures are as of October 22, 2019, with 99.67 percent of the polls reporting.

This dataset was produced within the framework of the Making Electoral Democracy Work project. It contains pre-election and post-election survey data from the 2015 Canadian federal election. It covers three provinces: British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Making Electoral Democracy Work (MEDW) is an international collaborative project that was conducted between 2009 and 2017 by a large team of political scientists, economists, and psychologists from Canada, Europe, and the United States. Its goal was to examine how the rules of the game (especially the electoral system) and the electoral context (especially the competitiveness and salience of the election) influence the dynamic and reciprocal relationship between voters and parties. To do so, the project gathered data for different types of elections held in Canada, France, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland between 2010 and 2016. In each country, two subnational units, typically regions, were studied. The analyses were complemented by laboratory and online experiments, as well as data on the parties’ campaigns. A selection of the project publications can be found at http://electoraldemocracy.com/publications. For more information on the project visit the project website (http://electoraldemocracy.com) or read André Blais, “Making Electoral Democracy Work,” Electoral Studies 29 (2010): 169–70.

Raw data for 42nd General Election: Official Voting Results

This dataset reports on a new effort to track candidate diversity in Canadian elections. The dataset covers 4,516 candidates who ran in the 2008, 2011, 2015, and 2019 federal elections, and includes novel data on their race, Indigenous background, and age, alongside information on gender, occupation, prior electoral experience, and electoral outcome. The data can be used to track diversity among electoral candidates over time or merged with other sources to answer district-level questions about representational diversity, electoral dynamics, vote choice, and political communications.

Two years ahead of schedule, federal elections were held on September 20, 2021 in Canada. Justin Trudeau's Liberal Party had lost its absolute majority in the 2019 elections, and on August 15, 2021, the Prime Minister, who was then in a strong position in the polls, asked the Governor General to dissolve Parliament.

The day after the dissolution was announced, the Liberal Party was leading the Conservative Party by five points in the polls. However, while Canadians' voting intentions changed only slightly, the gap between the two dominant parties narrowed, and on September 17, three days before the election, the parties of Justin Trudeau and Erin O'Toole won 32 and 33 percent of voting intentions respectively, with the Conservatives overtaking the Liberals by one point.

Following declining voter turnouts throughout the 1990s, the voter turnout at the Canadian general election of 2000 (61 percent) was the lowest on record. It is in this context that Elections Canada developed a research project aimed at evaluating the opinions and attitudes of non-voters, and to provide additional insight into the reasons for non-voting at federal elections. The objective of this research is to assist in further defining and comprehending the phenomenon of non-voting. As part of this project, Decima Research Inc. was commissioned to conduct a survey of Canadians who were eligible electors at the time of the 2000 Canadian general election, including equal proportions of voters and non-voters. The survey covered a variety of socio-demographic, attitudinal, and contextual factors, in order to explain the phenomenon of non-voting in Canadian federal elections.

Abstract (en): For this survey of Canadians' political attitudes and voting behavior, citizens 18 years of age or older who spoke one of Canada's official languages (English or French) and who resided in private homes in the ten Canadian provinces and two territories were eligible to be surveyed. The survey included three components: the Campaign-Period Survey (CPS), the Post-Election Survey (PES), and the Mail-Back Survey (MBS). Approximately 110 interviews were completed each day of the CPS for a total of 3,949 interviews. Eighty percent, or 3,170 of the CPS respondents, completed the PES survey, and 1,857 of the PES respondents completed the MBS. The CPS respondents were queried on their voting intentions, interest in the election and its media coverage, whether parties/candidates had contacted them during the campaign, the state of the economy, knowledge of the parties and leaders, personal stances on major policy issues such as cutting taxes, maintaining social programs, and Quebec, assessment of the Liberal government, and electoral expectations. Specific questions on political actions and personal character were posed regarding Prime Minister Jean Chretien, Conservative Party Leader Jean Charest, New Democratic Party Leader Alexa McDonough, Reform Party Leader Preston Manning, Bloc Quebecois Leader Gilles Duceppe, Premier Lucien Bouchard, and former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. The PES repeated many of the CPS questions, and addressed additional topics such as government spending, social issues including abortion, unions, businesses, education, health care, and capital punishment, Quebec separation, and attitudes towards social groups including big business, feminists, and aboriginal peoples. The MBS dealt with broader political issues and values, including the respondents' confidence in institutions, the distribution of power among various societal groups, and individual rights. Background information on respondents includes age, sex, ethnicity, political party, political orientation, voter participation history, education, marital status, religion, employment status, household income, union membership, country of birth, knowledge of Canadian political history, financial status, and disability status. Canadian citizens 18 years of age or older, who spoke one of Canada's official languages (English or French), and resided in private homes with a telephone, in the ten Canadian provinces and two territories. A two-stage probability selection process was utilized to select survey respondents. Afterward, a weight was added to the sample, by province. 2000-05-09 The SAS and SPSS data definition statements, SPSS export file, and codebook for this collection have been revised to incorporate changes noted in the errata file (October 1998) previously distributed with this collection.2000-03-23 A logical record length version of the dataset is now available in addition to the SPSS export file previously released. SAS and SPSS data definition statements have been created. Funding insitution(s): Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (Canada) (412-96-0007).

While under Canadian electoral law, federal elections must be held every four years, the Prime Minister also has the option of asking the Governor General to dissolve Parliament and decide to hold the election early. This is precisely what Justin Trudeau did by launching the election campaign on August 15, 2021. Canadians planning to follow this campaign most closely were primarily those intending to vote for the two dominant political parties. More than half of potential Green Party voters, 51 percent, planned to follow the campaign only at key moments.

Conducted in the months following the July 8, 1974, election in Canada, this study explored the Canadian electorate's political attitudes and behavior at both the federal and provincial levels. Respondents were asked about their interest in politics, their images of party leaders, opinions on political and social issues, campaign information sources and political involvement, as well as their voting history and party identification. Other items dealt more specifically with the 1974 campaign and election. Besides ascertaining how respondents voted, the study attempted to establish when voting decisions were made, and for what reasons. Also explored were attitudes on political and social issues like bilingualism, foreign investment, inflation, separatism, and majority government. "Feeling thermometers" were used to gauge respondents' feelings toward their provinces, Canada as a whole, and other countries, as well as toward specific parties, party leaders, and candidates in the 1974 federal election. A number of items dealt with Canadian federalism, comparing federal and provincial government influence. Demographic data include sex, age, marital status, education, occupation, and organizational membership. In addition, extensive information is provided about occcupational and social mobility of male respondents' fathers, grandfathers, and sons. In order to maximize the number of questions that could be administered, two forms of the interview were developed. Half of the respondents were administered Form 1 and the others Form 2. While many items in the two forms are identical, there are also several items that are present in one form only.

The Ipsos Canada Voter Intention Survey of October 2-4, 2015, is one in a series of surveys held during the 2015 electoral campaign that queried respondents on their voting preferences and support for parties and candidates during the election. An online survey tool was used to examine Respondents’ voting intentions, their feelings toward the major political parties and their leaders, and their opinions on issues that would most affect the campaign and the election. Respondents in this wave were specifically asked their feelings toward various forms of coalition government. This survey has a sample of 1441 respondents.