Graph and download economic data for Notes in Circulation, Federal Reserve Banks for United States (M14065USM144NNBR) from Nov 1914 to Jun 1949 about notes, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

As the central bank of the United States, the Federal Reserve supports the effective operation of the US economy, acting in the public interest to promote the stability of the financial system.

Graph and download economic data for National Banks in Federal Reserve District 4: Cleveland (X15CLDTPLNB) from 1916 to 1941 about FRB CLEV District, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

Among the ** Federal Reserve Banks of the Federal Reserve System in the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York held by far the highest value of assets in 2024. With approximately ****trillion U.S. dollars on its balance sheet, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York held over ** percent of the Fed's total assets. It was followed by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.

The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) is normally a triennial cross-sectional survey of U.S. families. The survey data include information on families' balance sheets, pensions, income, and demographic characteristics.

The weekly value of all liquidity facilities of the Federal Reserve Banks in the United States peaked in 2008, during the global financial crisis. On December 10th, 2008, the value of such facilities amounted to *** trillion U.S. dollars, the highest value during the observed period. There was another sharp increase in 2020, likely triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 17, 2025, the value of liquidity facilities of the Federal Reserve amounted to roughly **** billion U.S. dollars.

The amount of money that depository institutions maintained in their accounts at their regional Federal Reserve Banks was just below *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2023. This was a notable increase compared to the previous year, when reserve balances stood at roughly *** trillion U.S. dollars.

United States Federal Reserve Banks (FRB): Total Assets data was reported at 4,139.731 USD bn in 31 Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,173.070 USD bn for 24 Oct 2018. United States Federal Reserve Banks (FRB): Total Assets data is updated weekly, averaging 876.108 USD bn from Jun 1996 (Median) to 31 Oct 2018, with 1167 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,516.077 USD bn in 14 Jan 2015 and a record low of 447.351 USD bn in 24 Jul 1996. United States Federal Reserve Banks (FRB): Total Assets data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.KB028: Balance Sheet: Federal Reserve Banks.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by October 29, 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic—both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S.—showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by August 2025, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in August 2023, before the first rate cut since September 2021 occurred in September 2024. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2024, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

Graph and download economic data for Liabilities: Notes in Circulation: Federal Reserve Bank Notes in Actual Circulation (LNCFRBNC) from 1916-03-10 to 1935-03-20 about actual, notes, liabilities, banks, depository institutions, and USA.

The interest rate set by the Federal Reserve is a crucial tool for promoting economic conditions that meet the mandate established by the United States Congress, which includes high employment, low and stable inflation, sustainable economic growth, and the moderation of long-term interest rates. The interest rates determined by the Fed directly influence the cost of credit, making financing either more accessible or more restrictive. When interest rates are low, there is a greater incentive for consumers to purchase homes through mortgages, finance automobiles, or undertake home renovations. Additionally, businesses are encouraged to invest in expanding their operations, whether by purchasing new equipment, modernizing facilities, or hiring more workers. Conversely, higher interest rates tend to curb such activity, discouraging borrowing and slowing economic expansion.

The dataset analyzed contains information on the economic conditions in the United States on a monthly basis since 1954, including the federal funds rate, which represents the percentage at which financial institutions trade reserves held at the Federal Reserve with each other in the interbank market overnight. This rate is determined by the market but is directly influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the established target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds rate target, which has been defined within a range with upper and lower limits since December 2008.

Furthermore, real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is calculated based on the seasonally adjusted quarterly rate of change in the economy, using chained 2009 dollars as a reference. The unemployment rate represents the seasonally adjusted percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. Meanwhile, the inflation rate is determined by the monthly change in the Consumer Price Index, excluding food and energy prices for a more stable analysis of core inflation.

The interest rate data was sourced from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' economic data portal, while GDP information was provided by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and unemployment and inflation data were made available by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The analysis of this data helps to understand how economic growth, the unemployment rate, and inflation influence the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy decisions. Additionally, it allows for a study of the evolution of interest rate policies over time and raises the question of how predictable the Fed’s future decisions may be. Based on observed trends, it is possible to speculate whether the target range set in March 2017 will be maintained, lowered, or increased, considering the prevailing economic context and the challenges faced in conducting U.S. monetary policy.

This dataset represents a snapshot of the FRED catalog, captured on 2025-03-24.

What is FRED? As per the FRED website,

Short for Federal Reserve Economic Data, FRED is an online database consisting of hundreds of thousands of economic data time series from scores of national, international, public, and private sources. FRED, created and maintained by the Research Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, goes far beyond simply providing data: It combines data with a powerful mix of tools that help the user understand, interact with, display, and disseminate the data. In essence, FRED helps users tell their data stories. The purpose of this article is to guide the potential (or current) FRED user through the various aspects and tools of the database.

The FRED database is an abolute gold mine of economic data time series. Thousands of such series are published on the FRED website, organized by category and avialable for viewing and downloading. In fact, a number of these economic datasets have been uploaded to kaggle. With in the current notebook, however, we are not interested in the individual time series; rather, we are focused on catalog itself.

The FRED API has been used for gaining access to the catalog. The catalog consists of two files

• categories.csv - the heirarchy of categories used for organizing the time series
• series.csv - the list of avialable time series themselves

A given category is identified by a category_id. And, in a similar fashion, a given series is identified by a series_id. In a given category, one may find both a group of series and a set of sub-categories. As such every series record contains a category_id to identify the immediate category under which it is found category record contains a parent_id to indicate where in the category heirarchy it resides

Content

The FOMC has authorized temporary reciprocal currency arrangements (central bank liquidity swaps) with certain foreign central banks to help provide liquidity in U.S. dollars to overseas markets.

These swaps involve two transactions. First, when the foreign central bank draws on the swap line, it sells a specified amount of its currency to the Federal Reserve in exchange for dollars at the prevailing market exchange rate. The foreign currency that the Federal Reserve acquires is placed in an account for the Federal Reserve at the foreign central bank. This line in the statistical release reports the dollar value of the foreign currency held under these swaps.

Second, the dollars that the Federal Reserve provides are deposited in an account for the foreign central bank at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. At the same time as the draw on the swap line, the Federal Reserve and the foreign central bank enter into a binding agreement for a second transaction in which the foreign central bank is obligated to repurchase the foreign currency at a specified future date at the same exchange rate. At the conclusion of the second transaction, the foreign central bank pays a market-based rate of interest to the Federal Reserve. Central bank liquidity swaps are of various maturities, ranging from overnight to three months.

Context

This is a dataset from the Federal Reserve hosted by the Federal Reserve Economic Database (FRED). FRED has a data platform found here and they update their information according to the frequency that the data updates. Explore the Federal Reserve using Kaggle and all of the data sources available through the Federal Reserve organization page!

• Update Frequency: This dataset is updated daily.

• Observation Start: 2002-12-18

• Observation End : 2019-12-18

Acknowledgements

This dataset is maintained using FRED's API and Kaggle's API.

Cover photo by Hillie Chan on Unsplash
Unsplash Images are distributed under a unique Unsplash License.

Data were previously published in the Supplement to the Federal Reserve Bulletin, which ceased publication in December 2008. These tables will be discontinued with the final table released in April 2022. The source for these data is the Treasury International Capital System and future data publications can be found on Treasury’s website.

Assets: Other: Other Assets, Reserve Bank Table: Wednesday Level in Federal Reserve District 12: San Francisco was 4440.00000 Mil. of U.S. $ in October of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Assets: Other: Other Assets, Reserve Bank Table: Wednesday Level in Federal Reserve District 12: San Francisco reached a record high of 7242.00000 in August of 2023 and a record low of 0.00000 in December of 2002. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Assets: Other: Other Assets, Reserve Bank Table: Wednesday Level in Federal Reserve District 12: San Francisco - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

View weekly updates and historical trends for US Liabilities - Deposits in Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. from United States. Source: Federal Reserv…

Assets: Other: Other Assets, Reserve Bank Table: Wednesday Level in Federal Reserve District 3: Philadelphia was 928.00000 Mil. of U.S. $ in November of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Assets: Other: Other Assets, Reserve Bank Table: Wednesday Level in Federal Reserve District 3: Philadelphia reached a record high of 1152.00000 in August of 2022 and a record low of 0.00000 in December of 2002. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Assets: Other: Other Assets, Reserve Bank Table: Wednesday Level in Federal Reserve District 3: Philadelphia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on November of 2025.

United States Federal Reserve Banks (FRB): Reserve Bank Credit (BC) data was reported at 4,134.059 USD bn in 24 Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,136.254 USD bn for 17 Oct 2018. United States Federal Reserve Banks (FRB): Reserve Bank Credit (BC) data is updated weekly, averaging 2,300.867 USD bn from Dec 2002 (Median) to 24 Oct 2018, with 828 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,476.465 USD bn in 14 Jan 2015 and a record low of 673.923 USD bn in 29 Jan 2003. United States Federal Reserve Banks (FRB): Reserve Bank Credit (BC) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.KB029: Factors Affecting Reserve Balances of Depository Institutions.

As remote or hybrid work continues to be popular, office attendance has fallen. Less in-person work may increase office vacancy rates and reduce foot traffic to other businesses located in office-dense areas. Compared with the national average, most states in the Tenth Federal Reserve District have a lower share of office space in office-dense areas, but some of these areas have a higher share of bars and restaurants. The outlook for these businesses may depend on how foot traffic within office-dense areas evolves.

Context

The Federal Reserve sets interest rates to promote conditions that achieve the mandate set by the Congress — high employment, low and stable inflation, sustainable economic growth, and moderate long-term interest rates. Interest rates set by the Fed directly influence the cost of borrowing money. Lower interest rates encourage more people to obtain a mortgage for a new home or to borrow money for an automobile or for home improvement. Lower rates encourage businesses to borrow funds to invest in expansion such as purchasing new equipment, updating plants, or hiring more workers. Higher interest rates restrain such borrowing by consumers and businesses.

Content

This dataset includes data on the economic conditions in the United States on a monthly basis since 1954. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate. The effective federal funds rate is determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate; the target rate transitioned to a target range with an upper and lower limit in December 2008. The real gross domestic product is calculated as the seasonally adjusted quarterly rate of change in the gross domestic product based on chained 2009 dollars. The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed as a seasonally adjusted percentage of the labor force. The inflation rate reflects the monthly change in the Consumer Price Index of products excluding food and energy.

Acknowledgements

The interest rate data was published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' economic data portal. The gross domestic product data was provided by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis; the unemployment and consumer price index data was provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Inspiration

How does economic growth, unemployment, and inflation impact the Federal Reserve's interest rates decisions? How has the interest rate policy changed over time? Can you predict the Federal Reserve's next decision? Will the target range set in March 2017 be increased, decreased, or remain the same?