The dataset is composed of two data tables containing information from electrofishing surveys conducted in the Catskill and Adirondack regions. The first data table contains fish collection information and the second data table contains information on the sampled reaches. First posted September 25, 2018, ver. 1.0 Revised July 2019, ver. 2.0 Revised November 2020, ver. 3.0 Revised March 2022, ver. 4.0 Revised September 2022, ver. 5.0 Revised February 2023, ver. 6.0 Revised December 2023, ver. 7.0 Version 7.0: This version of the dataset has the same structure (two data tables containing the same column headings) as Versions 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0 but includes the addition of data from electrofishing surveys conducted in 2023 at 8 sites in the Catskill Mountain region and 2 sites in the Adirondack Mountain region. All data in Version 6.0 have been retained in Version 7.0 and are unchanged. Version 6.0: This version of the dataset has the same structure (two data tables containing the same column headings) as Versions 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0 but includes the addition of data from electrofishing surveys conducted in 2022 at 8 sites in the Catskill Mountain region and 1 site in the Adirondack Mountain region. All data in Version 5.0 have been retained in Version 6.0 and are unchanged. Version 5.0: This version of the dataset has the same structure (two data tables containing the same column headings) as Versions 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0 but includes the addition of data from electrofishing surveys conducted in 2021 at 11 sites in the Catskill Mountain region. All data in Version 4.0 have been retained in Version 5.0 and are unchanged with one exception: the USGS Station Number associated with the site ID ‘ElkBRest’ has been changed from 0136219205 to 420312074273701. Version 5.0 data are available upon request. Version 4.0: This version of the dataset has the same structure (two data tables containing the same column headings) as Versions 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0 but includes the addition of data from electrofishing surveys conducted in 2020 at 40 sites in the Adirondack Mountain region and 11 sites in the Catskill Mountain region. All data in Version 3.0 have been retained in Version 4.0 and are unchanged with two exceptions: 1) the species identification of 4 fish captured in Browns Creek on 7/29/14 have been changed from Northern Pearl Dace (Margariscus nachtriebi) to Allegheny Pearl Dace (Margariscus margarita) as a result of subsequent expert assessment of archived specimens, and 2) the USGS Station Number associated with the site ID ‘Windfall’ has been changed from 434813074505701 to 04253660. Version 4.0 data are available upon request. Version 3.0: This version of the dataset has the same structure (two data tables containing the same column headings) as Versions 2.0 and 1.0 but includes the addition of data from electrofishing surveys conducted in the upper Neversink River and upper Rondout Creek and their tributaries in the Catskill region during the period 1988-2019. All data in Version 2.0 have been retained in Version 3.0 and are unchanged with two exceptions: 1) the “Year” column in both data tables has been replaced with a “Date” column providing the exact date a survey was conducted, and 2) the USGS Station Number associated with the site ID ‘Slide’ on the West Branch Neversink River has been changed from 420034074253201 to 0143402120. Version 3.0 data are available upon request. Version 2.0: This version of the dataset has the same structure (two data tables containing the same column headings) as Version 1.0 but includes the addition of data from electrofishing surveys conducted on the Esopus Creek and its tributaries in the Catskill region during the period 2009-2018. All data in Version 1.0 have been retained and are unchanged with the exception of a correction to the USGS Station Number associated with Wheeler Creek. Version 2.0 data are available upon request. Version 1.0: This version of the dataset contains two tables. One contains fish collection information and has 11 columns and the other contains information on the sampled reaches and has 6 columns. All data in Version 1.0 are contained in Version 2.0. Version 1.0 data are available upon request.

This dataset contains measurements of chemical concentrations of forest soil samples and associated site measurements collected in the Adirondack Ecoregion of New York State. Data are presented in four groups (tabs) in an Microsoft EXCEL 2013 spreadsheet (and comma-delimited CSV files): (1) Adirondack Sugar Maple Project (ASM), (2) Buck Creek North Watershed, (3) Buck Creek South Watershed, and (4) Western Adirondack Stream Survey (WASS) soil sampling. The ASM data were all collected in 2009 and the WASS data were all collected in 2004. The Buck Creek North Tributary Watershed was sampled in 1997 and repeated at the same plot locations in 2009/10. The Buck Creek South Tributary Watershed was sampled in 1998 and repeated at the same plot locations in 2014. Site locations (latitude, longitude) are provided in a downloadable file and dynamic ArcGIS REST service at USGS Sciencebase DOI link.

This dataset contains measurements of chemical concentrations of soil samples representing 28 headwater drainage basins completely within the Adirondack Park of New York State (ADK Park), one basin partially in the ADK Park, and one watershed 2 kilometers from the ADK Park boundary. Seven of these watersheds have been sampled 2 or 3 times over periods of 12 to 22 years. Soil samples were collected from pit faces exposed by shoveling. Total mass of organic matter, carbon and nitrogen in the forest floor are also presented for 16 headwater drainage basins in the ADK Park. Forest floor mass data were determined from samples collected with soil corers. The presented data are organized by six projects: the Adirondack Soil Monitoring Study (ADK), (2) the Adirondack Sugar Maple Project (ASM), (3) the Buck Creek and Boreas long-term monitoring watersheds (Buck-Boreas), (4) the Honnedaga Watershed Liming Project (HON), (5) the northeastern Red Spruce Study (Spruce), and (6) the Western Adirondack Stream Survey (WASS). All data are included in a Microsoft Office 365 .xlsx file with a Table of Contents tab that describes all data tabs and a tab that details the field sampling designs of each project. Each tab in the .xlsx file has also been saved as an individual comma-delimited (CSV) file. First posted April 1, 2020, ver. 1.0 Revised December 2020, ver. 1.1 Version 1.1: This version of the dataset is identical to version 1.0 except for revisions to the dates in the column labeled “Date_Collected” in the worksheet labeled “Soil_Chemistry_All_Projects”. Version 1.0: This version contains measurements of chemical concentrations of soil samples that were originally published in April 2020. Version 1.0 data are available upon request.

Reported water chemistry data are from the intensive lake chemistry survey conducted between the months of July and August from 1984 – 1987 as part of the larger Adirondack lakes survey of chemistry and fish. This intensive sampling took place in the summer when most Adirondack waters are typically stratified. When possible, the middle or deepest part of the lake was sampled to avoid the effects of littoral zones and inlet streams. Samples in isothermal waters were collected 1.5 meters below the surface or at mid-depth when the waters were less than 1.5 meters deep. In stratified waters, a sample was collected at 1.5 meters below the surface and also half way between the thermocline and the bottom. Chemical analysis was conducted at the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation (ALSC) laboratory in Ray Brook following EPA guidelines.

In 2012, a program was initiated using in-stream and aerial (whole-watershed) liming to improve water quality and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) recruitment in three acidified tributaries of a high-elevation Adirondack lake in New York State. Concurrently, macroinvertebrates were sampled annually between 2013 and 2016 at 3 treated and 3 untreated reference sites to assess the effects of each liming technique on this community. Macroinvertebrate communities were monitored at 6 study sites: T16, T8A (50 m upstream of lime application point), T8 (50 m downstream of lime application point), T6 (1230 m downstream of the lime application point), and at two unlimed reference streams, T24 and T20. T24 is of similar orientation, drainage area, discharge, and water chemistry as T16 and was selected as a reference site to assess the impacts of the watershed liming. T20 is a relatively well-buffered tributary that was monitored as a reference site for the in-stream liming effort. This dataset includes macroinvertebrate community data from 4-years (2013-2016) of macroinvertebrate sampling using artificial substrate basket samplers at six sites on tributaries to Honnedaga Lake, NY. Baskets were deployed in pairs at five stations (replicates) distributed longitudinally within each site (10 total baskets per site) and were placed on the bottom in pools where they were unlikely to become desiccated during water level fluctuations. Baskets were deployed between May 12 and May 16 and retrieved between July 10 and July 17 during each year, resulting in a colonization period of approximately two months. At the end of the colonization period, macroinvertebrates were extracted from each basket through a shaking and rinsing process. The contents from each pair of baskets were preserved together in 95-percent ethanol, resulting in 5 replicate samples collected from each site. A 200-organism subsample, or an exhaustive pick when less than 200 organisms were present, was sorted from each replicate using a gridded tray and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic resolution (usually genus or species). These identifications were then used to generate metrics of macroinvertebrate community condition for subsequent analyses. Data are provided in CSV and XLSX (MS Office 2013) format, a sample site location map is also provided (latitude/longitude datum and projection: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18N).

Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits of the Adirondack Mountains of New York locally contain elevated REE concentrations (e.g. Taylor and others, 2019). Critical to evaluating resource potential is understanding the genesis of the IOA deposits that host the REE-rich minerals. As part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting bedrock geologic mapping, geochronology, geochemistry, and geophysics in the region. Published and ongoing research demonstrates the spatial association of IOA deposits with the Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss (LMG), so understanding the relationship of the LMG to the IOA deposits is important for resource evaluation—however the age and origin of the LMG remain contentious. As a result, the USGS undertook a petrologic and geochronologic study of the LMG and Hawkeye Granite Gneiss to better understand the temporal relationship between ores and the LMG. Electron microprobe (EMP) analyses of the feldspars in the sampled rocks was conducted as part of this research. Twelve samples, including four samples of Hawkeye Granite Gneiss, seven samples of Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss, and one amphibolite were collected from the Adirondack massif in upstate NY (see Aleinikoff and others, 2021 Figure 1 and Table 1). Feldspar grains from these samples were analyzed by electron microprobe to determine their major and minor element geochemistry. The electron microprobe data was collected by personnel of the Florence Bascom Geoscience Center in Reston, Virginia, for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Cooperative Geological Mapping Program (NCGMP). A fully automated JEOL 8900 Electron Microprobe with five wavelength dispersive analyzers operated at 15keV accelerating voltage, a 20-nA beam current, and an electron beam diameter of 3-10 micrometers was utilized. The microprobe was operated using Probe for EPMA software (Donovan, 2015). The feldspars of the analyzed samples included plagioclase, k-feldspar, microperthite, and microantiperthite. The latter two are fine-scale exsolution intergrowths of plagioclase and K-feldspar. The grain size of plagioclase was typically coarse (>100 µm) and easily analyzed by electron microprobe methods. However, the microperthite and microantiperthite commonly had exsolution lamellae <10 µm in width. As a result, some EMP analyses overlapped lamellae of different composition and are mixed analyses. All analyses with total elemental weight percentages between 98 and 102% are reported. These data were collected in two analytical sessions on 4/26/2019 and 4/30/2019. The spectrometer configuration including analyzing crystal, X-ray line, and on peak count times were as follows: Spectrometer 1 - TAP crystal, NaKα, 20s, MgKα 30s, Spectrometer 2 - LIFH crystal, FeKα 20s, BaLα 20s, Spectrometer 3 - TAP crystal, SiKα 25s, AlKα 25s, Spectrometer 4 - PETJ crystal, CaKα 25s, TiKα 25s, Spectrometer 5 - PETJ crystal, KKα 20s, SrLα 20s. All background corrections were done by linear interpolation of off-peak backgrounds, and off-peak background count times were half the on peak time for each background position. The matrix correction algorithm of Armstrong/Love Scott phi-rho-z (Armstrong, 1988) was used along with the mass absorption coefficients of Henke (1982) for all analyses. Detection limits (3σ) based on counting statistics were ~0.02 wt% for SiO2, CaO, MgO, Al2O3, K2O, 0.03 wt% for Na2O, 0.04wt% for TiO2, 0.05 wt% for FeO, 0.06 wt% for SrO, and 0.07 wt% for Ba. Machine stability throughout the analyses and between sessions was documented by the analysis of secondary standard FSLC (Lake County, plagioclase) in sets of 7 analyses roughly every 12 hours. For major oxides (>10 wt%) the total range of the average value from each of these sets varies by < ± 3% relative, within QC bounds of ± 3%, and for the minor oxide Na2O varies by 9% relative within the QC bound of ±10%. The published value for FLSC (Huebner and Woodruff, 1985) and the value and uncertainty (1σ) measured during this study are as follows SiO2, 51.42, 51.05 ± 0.47; Al2O3, 30.76, 30.67 ± 0.18; CaO, 13.42, 13.33 ± 0.14; Na2O, 3.52, 3.81 ± 0.09; FeO 0.39, 0.41 ± 0.02; MgO, 0.14, 0.14 ± 0.01; K2O, 0.12, 0.12 ± 0.01; SrO 0.07, 0.09 ± 0.01; TiO2, 0.04, 0.04 ± 0.01; BaO, 0.007, 0.01 ± 0.02. Plagioclase grains from the Hawkeye Granite Gneiss have typical anorthite component values of An15-An20. In contrast, 5 of 7 Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss samples have plagioclase grains with values <An10. Plagioclase in a sample from Moose River, near Lyonsdate, NY (MR-15-001) has an anomalous composition (~An45-50). Plagioclase from an amphibolite has a composition of An25. The composition of K-feldspar from the two units overlaps. However, the Hawkeye Granite Gneiss in general has a higher albite component. BSE and CL imaging indicates that in some cases there are relatively late generations of feldspars that can form veins (flame perthite) and/or patchy replacement of earlier feldspar generations. In some cases, the late feldspars are accompanied by microporosity and micron-sized inclusions of fluorite. These zones were generally avoided for the above analyses, but may explain part of the reason for overlap in the composition of K-feldspars from both units. One of the appendix tables provided in this data release, Table A2, contains whole rock geochemical data collected by the contracted lab, AGAT Laboratories. Abbreviations: BSE – Backscattered Electron CL – Cathodoluminescence LiFH – lithium fluoride PETJ - pentaerythritol TAP - thallium acid pthalate Note: Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. References: Aleinikoff, J.N., Walsh, G.J., and McAleer, R.J., 2021, New interpretations of the ages and origins of the Hawkeye Granite Gneiss and Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss, Adirondack Mountains, NY: Implications for the nature and timing of Mesoproterozoic plutonism, metamorphism, and deformation, Precambrian Research 358, 106112. Armstrong, J.T., 1988, Quantitative analysis of silicates and oxide minerals: Comparison of Monte-Carlo, ZAF and Phi-Rho-Z procedures, in Newbury, D.E., ed., Microbeam analysis: San Francisco, California, San Francisco Press, p. 239–246 Donovan, J.J., 2015, Probe for EPMA User Guide and Reference, online @ http://www.probesoftware.com/Technical.html Henke, B.L. , Lee, P., Tanaka, T.J., Shimabukuro, R.L. and Fijikawa B.K., 1982, Low-energy x-ray interaction coefficients: Photoabsorption, scattering, and reflection: E = 100-2000 eV Z = 1-94, Atomic Data Nucl. Data Tables 27(1), p. 1-144 Huebner, J.S. and Woodruff, M.E., 1985. Chemical compositions and critical evaluation of microprobe standards available from the Reston microprobe facility. US Geological Survey Open File Report, 85(718), p.45. Stacey, J., and Kramers, J., 1975, Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 26, p. 207-221 Steiger, R.H., and Jäger, E., 1977, Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36, p. 359-362 Taylor, R.D., Shah, A.K., Walsh, G.J. and Taylor, C.D., 2019. Geochemistry and Geophysics of Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposits and Associated Waste Piles with Implications for Potential Rare Earth Element Resources from Ore and Historical Mine Waste in the Eastern Adirondack Highlands, New York, USA. Economic Geology, 114(8), p.1569-1598.