Purpose:This feature layer describes water quality sampling data performed at several operating coal mines in the South Fork of Cherry watershed, West Virginia.Source & Data:Data was downloaded from WV Department of Environmental Protection's ApplicationXtender online database and EPA's ECHO online database between January and April, 2023.There are five data sets here: Surface Water Monitoring Sites, which contains basic information about monitoring sites (name, lat/long, etc.) and NPDES Outlet Monitoring Sites, which contains similar information about outfall discharges surrounding the active mines. Biological Assessment Stations (BAS) contain similar information for pre-project biological sampling. NOV Summary contains locations of Notices of Violation received by South Fork Coal Company from WV Department of Environmental Protection. The Quarterly Monitoring Reports table contains the sampling data for the Surface Water Monitoring Sites, which actually goes as far back as 2018 for some mines. Parameters of concern include iron, aluminum and selenium, among others.A relationship class between Surface Water Monitoring Sites and the Quarterly Monitoring Reports allows access to individual sample results.Processing:Notices of Violation were obtained from the WV DEP AppXtender database for Mining and Reclamation Article 3 (SMCRA) Permitting, and Mining and Reclamation NPDES Permitting. Violation data were entered into Excel and loaded into ArcGIS Pro as a CSV text file with Lat/Long coordinates for each Violation. The CSV file was converted to a point feature class.Water quality data were downloaded in PDF format from the WVDEP AppXtender website. Non-searchable PDFs were converted via Optical Character Recognition, so that data could be copied. Sample results were copied and pasted manually to Notepad++, and several columns were re-ordered. Data was grouped by sample station and sorted chronologically. Sample data, contained in the associated table (SW_QM_Reports) were linked back to the monitoring station locations using the Station_ID text field in a geodatabase relationship class.Water monitoring station locations were taken from published Drainage Maps and from water quality reports. A CSV table was created with station Lat/Long locations and loaded into ArcGIS Pro. It was then converted to a point feature class.Stream Crossings and Road Construction Areas were digitized as polygon feature classes from project Drainage and Progress maps that were converted to TIFF image format from PDF and georeferenced.The ArcGIS Pro map - South Fork Cherry River Water Quality, was published as a service definition to ArcGIS Online.Symbology:NOV Summary - dark blue, solid pointLost Flats Surface Water Monitoring Sites: Data Available - medium blue point, black outlineLost Flats Surface Water Monitoring Sites: No Data Available - no-fill point, thick medium blue outlineLost Flats NPDES Outlet Monitoring Sites - orange point, black outlineBlue Knob Surface Water Monitoring Sites: Data Available - medium blue point, black outlineBlue Knob Surface Water Monitoring Sites: No Data Available - no-fill point, thick medium blue outlineBlue Knob NPDES Outlet Monitoring Sites - orange point, black outlineBlue Knob Biological Assessment Stations: Data Available - medium green point, black outlineBlue Knob Biological Assessment Stations: No Data Available - no-fill point, thick medium green outlineRocky Run Surface Water Monitoring Sites: Data Available - medium blue point, black outlineRocky Run Surface Water Monitoring Sites: No Data Available - no-fill point, thick medium blue outlineRocky Run NPDES Outlet Monitoring Sites - orange point, black outlineRocky Run Biological Assessment Stations: Data Available - medium green point, black outlineRocky Run Biological Assessment Stations: No Data Available - no-fill point, thick medium green outlineRocky Run Stream Crossings: turquoise blue polygon with red outlineRocky Run Haul Road Construction Areas: dark red (40% transparent) polygon with black outlineHaul Road No 2 Surface Water Monitoring Sites: Data Available - medium blue point, black outlineHaul Road No 2 Surface Water Monitoring Sites: No Data Available - no-fill point, thick medium blue outlineHaul Road No 2 NPDES Outlet Monitoring Sites - orange point, black outline

The Well Log Tracking System (WELTS) contains water well construction and lithologic information submitted to the Division of Mining, Land and Water, Alaska Hydrologic Survey by water well contractors as required per Alaska State Statute 41.08.020(b4) authority delegated to the Alaska Hydrologic Survey per Department Order 115, require of water well contractors, the filing with it of basic water and aquifer data normally obtained, including but not limited to well location, estimated elevation, well driller's logs, pumping tests and flow measurements, and water quality determinations. Additionally, per Alaska Administrative Code, Title 11 Natural Resources, Part 6 Lands, Chapter 93 Water Management, Article 2 Appropriation and Use of Water 11 AAC 93.140(a):

For a drilled, driven, jetted, or augered well constructed, the water well contractor or a person who constructs the well shall file a report within 45 days after completion with both the property owner and the department. The report must contain the following information as applicable: (1) the method of construction; (2) the type of fluids used for drilling; (3) the location of the well; (4) an accurate log of the soil and rock formations encountered and the depths at which the formations occur; (5) the depth of the casing; (6) the height of the casing above ground; (7) the depth and type of grouting; (8) the depth of any screens; (9) the casing diameter; (10) the casing material; (11) the depth of perforation or opening in the casing; (12) the well development method; (13) the total depth of the well; (14) the depth of the static water level; (15) the anticipated use of the well; (16) the maximum well yield; (17) the results of any well yield, aquifer, or drawdown test that was conducted; (18) if the water well contractor or person who constructs the well installs a pump at the time of construction, the depth of the pump intake and the rated pump capacity at that depth. (b) When the drill rig is removed from the well site, the well must be sealed with a sanitary seal and a readily accessible means provided to allow for monitoring of the static water level in the well. (c) A hand-dug well that is permanently decommissioned shall be filled by the land owner to a point 12 in above the existing ground level with well-compacted impermeable material. (d) A well, other than a hand-dug well, that is permanently decommissioned by the owner of the well must comply with the requirements of 18 AAC 80.015(e) . (e) If the department believes that an encounter of oil, gas, or other hazardous substance is likely to result from well drilling, the department will notify the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, and the provisions of AS 31.05.030 (g) may apply. (f) The department will notify the Department of Environmental Conservation of any permanently abandoned well that may contaminate water of the state under the provisions of 18 AAC 80. (g) Information required by (a) of this section is required for any water well that has been deepened, modified, or abandoned, and for any water supply well or water well that is used for monitoring, observation, or aquifer testing, including a dry or low-yield water well that is not used. This data characterizes the geographic representation of well logs within the State of Alaska contained in the Well Log Tracking System. The shape file was developed using well location information submitted with well logs. Well locations represented by a gold star symbol, represent the approximate (centroid) location, and may represent a cluster of wells. Well locations represented by a blue circle symbol, represent wells submitted with latitude and longitude coordinates. Each feature has an associated attribute record, including a Well Log Tracking System identification number which serves as an index to case-file information. Those requiring more information regarding WELTS should contact the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Alaska Hydrologic Survey directly.

Digital Environmental Reporting for Mines Market Outlook

According to the latest research conducted in 2025, the global Digital Environmental Reporting for Mines market size is valued at USD 1.46 billion in 2024, reflecting the growing integration of digital technologies in mining environmental management. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 13.2% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a projected value of USD 4.11 billion by 2033. This robust growth is primarily driven by the increasing regulatory pressures, a heightened focus on sustainability, and the mining sector’s transition toward digital transformation for environmental compliance and monitoring.

The growth trajectory of the Digital Environmental Reporting for Mines market is underpinned by several critical factors. Firstly, the global mining industry is facing unprecedented scrutiny from governments, regulatory bodies, and the public regarding its environmental impact. Stringent regulations on emissions, water quality, and waste management are compelling mining companies to adopt advanced digital solutions for real-time data collection, analysis, and reporting. These digital platforms enable mines to proactively address compliance requirements, minimize environmental risks, and avoid costly penalties. Additionally, the growing demand for transparency and accountability in environmental stewardship has led to the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, cloud-based analytics, and artificial intelligence in environmental monitoring systems, further fueling market expansion.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing adoption of sustainability frameworks and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) reporting standards across the mining sector. Investors, stakeholders, and consumers are demanding more comprehensive and accurate disclosures of environmental performance, prompting mining enterprises to leverage digital reporting tools for standardized and auditable data. The ability to automate data collection, generate actionable insights, and provide real-time dashboards not only streamlines compliance processes but also enhances operational efficiency and risk management. As mining companies seek to improve their sustainability credentials and attract responsible investment, the demand for integrated digital environmental reporting solutions is expected to surge.

Technological advancements and the availability of scalable digital platforms are also catalyzing market growth. The proliferation of cloud computing, big data analytics, and edge computing allows mining operators to deploy sophisticated monitoring systems across geographically dispersed sites. These technologies enable predictive analytics, early warning systems, and remote monitoring capabilities, which are essential for managing environmental risks in both open-pit and underground mining operations. Furthermore, the integration of mobile applications, GIS mapping, and automated reporting workflows is transforming how environmental data is captured, processed, and communicated to regulatory authorities and stakeholders, driving further adoption of digital solutions in the mining sector.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as a pivotal market for digital environmental reporting in mining, owing to its significant mining output, rapidly evolving regulatory landscape, and increasing investments in digital infrastructure. Countries such as Australia, China, and India are leading the adoption of advanced environmental monitoring technologies, driven by government mandates and industry initiatives aimed at minimizing ecological footprints. North America and Europe also represent substantial market shares, supported by mature regulatory frameworks and a strong focus on sustainable mining practices. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, propelled by the expansion of mining activities and the gradual adoption of digital solutions for environmental management.

Component Analysis

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The Fish Habitat Management System for Yukon Placer Mining replaced the Yukon Place Authorization (YPA) in 15 Yukon watersheds on April 11, 2008. Founded on principles of adaptive management and incorporating a risk-based approach to decision-making, the system is intended to balance the objectives of a sustainable Yukon placer mining industry with the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat supporting fisheries Adaptive management recognizes that the effectiveness of any management system is hampered by a degree of uncertainty and lack of knowledge. It seeks to improve the system by monitoring the effects of management actions, in order to learn from the results. The Adaptive Management Framework for Yukon placer mining is complemented by traditional knowledge and water quality objectives monitoring, aquatic health monitoring and economic health monitoring programs. The results should provide new information and a rational basis for making any adjustments required to achieve the two management objectives. The water quality objectives monitoring program is governed by the Water Quality Objectives Monitoring Protocol. The Protocol describes the locations, timing, frequency and methods employed during sampling, as well as the methods used to analyze sampling data. Precipitation data was collected from a variety of sources to assist in the interpretation of results. The water quality objectives monitoring program relies upon both continuous sampling and grab sampling. Continuous sampling is performed by automated instruments that pump water from the creek or river at a preset volume and at precise times each day. Grab samples are taken by personnel at a selected location, depth and time. Normally the quantity of water taken is sufficient for all the physical and chemical analyses that will be done on the sample. Grab sampling is also performed during sampling “blitzes”, when single grab samples are collected from as many sites as possible within a short timeframe in order to get a snapshot of the water quality in a watershed over a 24 hour period.Distributed from GeoYukon by the Government of Yukon. Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection.For more information: geomatics.help@gov.yk.ca

Illegal Mining Detection via Remote Sensing Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Illegal Mining Detection via Remote Sensing market size reached USD 1.42 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust and growing demand for advanced monitoring solutions. The market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 13.8% from 2025 to 2033, ultimately reaching a forecasted value of USD 4.23 billion by 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is fueled by increasing regulatory pressures, technological advancements, and the urgent need for sustainable resource management. As per the latest research, the integration of satellite imaging, UAV surveillance, and GIS mapping within government and private sector initiatives has been a key driver for the market’s expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the Illegal Mining Detection via Remote Sensing market is the escalating global awareness regarding the environmental and socio-economic impacts of illegal mining. Illegal mining activities often result in deforestation, water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of local communities, prompting governments and international organizations to enforce stricter regulations and monitoring practices. The adoption of remote sensing technologies, such as high-resolution satellite imagery and drone surveillance, allows for real-time detection and monitoring of illegal activities even in remote or inaccessible areas. The ability to rapidly identify and respond to illegal mining hotspots significantly enhances the effectiveness of law enforcement and environmental protection efforts, thereby driving the demand for advanced detection solutions.

Technological innovation is another major catalyst propelling the Illegal Mining Detection via Remote Sensing market. The evolution of satellite imaging capabilities, including higher spatial and temporal resolutions, has revolutionized the way illegal mining operations are detected and analyzed. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms with remote sensing data enables automated detection, pattern recognition, and predictive analytics, further improving the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring systems. Additionally, the proliferation of cost-effective UAVs and drones equipped with multispectral and thermal sensors has democratized access to aerial surveillance, making it feasible for a broader range of stakeholders, including smaller mining companies and local governments, to deploy these technologies. These advancements collectively contribute to the market’s rapid growth and widespread adoption.

The increasing collaboration between public and private sectors also plays a significant role in market expansion. Governments are partnering with technology providers, research institutes, and environmental organizations to develop integrated platforms that combine geospatial data, machine learning, and real-time analytics for comprehensive illegal mining detection and response. These partnerships facilitate knowledge sharing, resource pooling, and the development of standardized protocols, which enhance the overall effectiveness and scalability of remote sensing initiatives. The growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility among mining companies further stimulates investment in advanced monitoring solutions, as companies seek to demonstrate compliance with environmental regulations and commitment to sustainable practices. This multi-stakeholder approach is expected to sustain the market’s momentum over the forecast period.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to maintain its dominance in the Illegal Mining Detection via Remote Sensing market, driven by high incidences of illegal mining in countries such as Indonesia, India, and China. North America and Europe are also witnessing significant growth, supported by stringent regulatory frameworks and advanced technological infrastructure. Latin America and Africa, regions with rich mineral resources and prevalent illegal mining activities, are increasingly adopting remote sensing technologies to strengthen enforcement and environmental monitoring. The Middle East is gradually emerging as a potential market, propelled by government initiatives aimed at resource conservation and sustainable development. This global trend underscores the universal relevance and necessity of remote sensing solutions in combating illegal mining.

Earth Resistivity Tomography Services Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Earth Resistivity Tomography Services market size reached USD 1.29 billion globally in 2024, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.8% observed between 2024 and 2033. The market is projected to expand significantly, reaching USD 2.54 billion by 2033, driven by increasing demand for advanced subsurface imaging technologies across environmental, mining, construction, and oil & gas sectors. One of the primary growth factors is the rising necessity for accurate, non-invasive ground investigations to support sustainable development and resource management initiatives.

A key driver behind the expansion of the Earth Resistivity Tomography Services market is the growing emphasis on environmental protection and the need for sustainable land use. Governments and private organizations are increasingly investing in environmental site assessments to identify contamination, monitor remediation efforts, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. The adoption of earth resistivity tomography (ERT) technologies enables detailed mapping of subsurface features, making it an indispensable tool for environmental agencies and consultancies. This trend is further supported by stricter regulatory frameworks and public awareness regarding the impact of industrial activities on soil and groundwater quality, which collectively fuel demand for high-precision geophysical surveys.

Another significant growth factor is the escalating demand for groundwater exploration and management, especially in regions facing water scarcity or over-extraction. ERT services are widely used to delineate aquifers, assess groundwater quality, and monitor recharge zones. As climate change intensifies drought conditions and population growth increases water demand, public and private sectors are turning to advanced geophysical methods like ERT to optimize water resource management. The integration of ERT with other hydrogeological and geospatial data is also enhancing the accuracy and reliability of groundwater models, further boosting market growth.

The mining and construction industries are also contributing to the expansion of the Earth Resistivity Tomography Services market. In mining, ERT is employed for ore body delineation, tailings dam monitoring, and mine safety assessments. In construction and infrastructure development, ERT helps in geotechnical investigations, identifying subsurface voids, and assessing foundation stability. The increasing scale and complexity of mining and civil engineering projects, coupled with a focus on minimizing environmental impact and ensuring worker safety, are driving the adoption of advanced resistivity imaging technologies. Moreover, the ongoing digital transformation in these sectors is accelerating the integration of ERT data with 3D modeling and GIS platforms, thereby enhancing project planning and risk mitigation.

From a regional perspective, North America and Europe currently dominate the Earth Resistivity Tomography Services market due to their mature infrastructure, strong regulatory frameworks, and high investment in environmental monitoring. However, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region, propelled by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and increasing awareness of sustainable resource management. Countries such as China, India, and Australia are witnessing a surge in demand for ERT services, particularly in the fields of groundwater exploration, mining, and large-scale infrastructure projects. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are also displaying steady growth, driven by investments in oil & gas exploration and efforts to address environmental challenges in arid and semi-arid regions.

Service Type Analysis

The service type segment of the Earth Resistivity Tomography Services market is divided into 2D Resistivity Tomography, 3D Resistivity Tomography, Borehole Resistivity Tomography, and Others. Among these, 2D Resistivity Tomography remains the most widely adopted technique, particularly for environmental site assessments and preliminary geotechnical investigations. Its cost-effectiveness, ease of deployment, and ability to provide reliable cross-sectional images of subsurface features make it the preferred choice for a broad range of applications. Despite its

Field Data Capture Software Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global field data capture software market size reached USD 3.2 billion in 2024. The market is exhibiting robust momentum, with a recorded CAGR of 10.4% during the period 2025–2033. By the end of 2033, the market is forecasted to attain a value of USD 7.7 billion. This healthy growth is primarily driven by the increasing digitalization of field operations across sectors such as oil & gas, construction, environmental science, utilities, and agriculture. The adoption of cloud-based solutions, the proliferation of mobile devices, and the rising need for real-time data-driven decision-making are key contributors to this expansion, as per our latest research insights.

One of the primary growth factors for the field data capture software market is the accelerating shift towards digital transformation in field operations. Organizations across industries are increasingly recognizing the need to replace traditional paper-based data collection methods with automated, digital solutions. This transition is motivated by the demand for higher accuracy, faster data processing, and improved compliance with regulatory standards. Field data capture software enables seamless collection, validation, and integration of data from remote locations, ensuring that decision-makers have access to reliable and timely information. The widespread adoption of mobile devices and the integration of IoT technologies have further streamlined data capture processes, making it possible to gather and analyze large volumes of data efficiently. As businesses continue to prioritize operational efficiency and data integrity, the demand for advanced field data capture solutions is expected to surge.

Another significant factor fueling the market's growth is the increasing complexity and scale of projects in sectors such as construction, oil & gas, and utilities. These industries often involve geographically dispersed teams working in challenging environments, where accurate and real-time data capture is critical for project management, safety compliance, and resource optimization. Field data capture software provides a centralized platform for capturing, managing, and analyzing field data, thereby reducing errors and enhancing productivity. The ability to integrate with other enterprise systems such as ERP, GIS, and asset management platforms further elevates the value proposition of these solutions. As organizations seek to minimize operational risks and maximize returns on investment, the adoption of field data capture software becomes an essential component of their digital strategy.

The growing emphasis on environmental monitoring and sustainability initiatives is also contributing to the expansion of the field data capture software market. Regulatory bodies and stakeholders are increasingly demanding transparent and accurate reporting of environmental data, especially in industries with significant environmental footprints. Field data capture solutions enable organizations to efficiently collect and report data related to emissions, waste management, water quality, and biodiversity, ensuring compliance with environmental standards. The integration of advanced analytics and reporting tools allows for proactive risk management and informed decision-making, which is crucial for maintaining social license to operate. As environmental regulations become more stringent and public awareness of sustainability issues grows, the adoption of field data capture software is expected to rise across various sectors.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the field data capture software market, driven by the presence of major industry players, advanced technological infrastructure, and high adoption rates across key sectors. However, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market, supported by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing investments in infrastructure and environmental monitoring projects. Europe also represents a significant market, characterized by stringent regulatory frameworks and a strong focus on digital transformation. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, fueled by expanding oil & gas and mining activities, as well as government initiatives to improve data management capabilities. The global market is thus characterized by diverse growth dynamics, with each region presenting unique opportunities and challenges for market participants.

This dataset represents Lake Water Geochemical Analyses for the province of Saskatchewan. This dataset represents Lake Water Geochemical Analyses for the province of Saskatchewan. During the intense level of activity directed toward the exploration for uranium in the 1970s, the Saskatchewan Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada funded the collection of several thousand samples of sediments and waters from lakes around the Athabasca Sandstone. All sediment samples were analyzed for U, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Fe and Mn. Selected samples were analyzed for a wide range of additional elements. All lake waters were analyzed for U, F-, and pH, and several hundred samples were analyzed for additional elements and parameters. The Summary Table that precedes this text shows the numbers of samples and elements, and the source of data from which the 8,939 samples listed in the 9 Tables are derived. Over 20 years ago the data in these listings were coded into the Saskatchewan Geological Survey’s ‘Geochemical Data File’, designed in the 1970s (Dunn, 1978b, 1979), and developed by SaskComp (the computer programming department of the Saskatchewan government at that time). The only database listed in the present report that was not in the Geochemical Data File was GSC Open File #779, jointly produced by the SGS and GSC (Coker and Dunn, 1981, 1983) and containing data from detailed surveys of the IAEA/NEA Athabasca Test Area (adjacent to Wollaston Lake). The old Geochemical Data File was state-of-the-art at the time, and data have been available for public scrutiny since inception in 1977. Demonstrations of the File were given at the SGS Open House meetings in 1977 and 1978. The explosive development of personal computers during the past 20 years has made the original Geochemical Data File something of a dinosaur, and the data have been difficult to access and manipulate. The present data file is a compilation that has resulted from detailed evaluation, streamlining, editing and breakdown of the data into simplified Excel files that can easily be manipulated by anyone with a modest knowledge of computers. These data are of historic value and their re-evaluation could assist in current uranium exploration programs. Of particular value is their use in environmental studies, since they represent a 1970s snapshot of the chemistry of the northern Saskatchewan environment prior to mine developments. At the start of sample collection in 1975 Key Lake had not been drained and the only mine site was the pit at Rabbit Lake. This compilation has divided the data into 9 tables, each presented as a shape file. There are 6 shape files of lake sediment data (1LS - 6LS) and 3 shape files of lake water data (4LW - 6LW). Lake water samples were from the same sites as the lake sediments listed in files 4LS - 6LS, hence they have been given the same numeric designation. The data are mostly compatible among the Tables. However, although analytical methods and quality control protocols were similar, they were sufficiently different to warrant treating the data as separate listings. For any regional plotting of data extracted from all Tables these differences should be considered when interpreting distribution patterns. Of particular relevance is that all sediment samples were analyzed for U by neutron activation, with the exception of 158 samples (Table 2LS) where determinations were by fluorometry. These data sets should be fully compatible, because the two techniques provide similar values. Comparison of U data from sediment samples collected and analyzed over four years, then reanalyzed as one batch has shown excellent precision and accuracy (Coker and Dunn, 1981). All U in water determinations were by fluorometry, and all F- by selective ion electrode. Loss on ignition (LOI) data were determined by ignition at 500o C for 4 hours. Table 1LS This data set comprises samples collected by SGS between 1975 and 1978. Samples were digested in aqua regia and all trace elements, except U (see above), were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AA). **Please Note – All published Saskatchewan Geological Survey datasets, including those available through the Saskatchewan Mining and Petroleum GeoAtlas, are sourced from the Enterprise GIS Data Warehouse. They are therefore identical and share the same refresh schedule.

Alaska Resource Consultants, Inc. is a leading environmental consulting firm that specializes in providing innovative, cost-effective, and scientifically rigorous solutions for clients in industries such as government agencies, mining, oil and gas, renewable energy, transportation, and utilities. With decades of experience in Alaska, the company has developed a unique understanding of the state's complex environmental issues and has built a reputation for excellence in its work.

The company's services span a wide range of areas, including biostatistics and modeling, database management and programming, fisheries and aquatic sciences, marine science, NEPA and permitting, remote sensing and GIS mapping, vegetation and landscape ecology, and wetlands science. With a team of experienced scientists and professionals, ABR, Inc. is dedicated to delivering high-quality results and has a long history of successful projects with clients across Alaska.

The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the University of New Hampshire and the University of New Brunswick mapped the nearshore regions off Los Angeles and San Diego, California using multibeam echosounders. Multibeam bathymetry and co-registered, corrected acoustic backscatter were collected in water depths ranging from about 3 to 900 m offshore Los Angeles and in water depths ranging from about 17 to 1230 m offshore San Diego. Continuous, 16-m spatial resolution, GIS ready format data of the entire Los Angeles Margin and San Diego Margin are available online as separate USGS Open-File Reports.

For ongoing research, the USGS has processed sub-regions within these datasets at finer resolutions. The resolution of each sub-region was determined by the density of soundings within the region. This Open-File Report contains the finer resolution multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data that the USGS, Western Region, Coastal and Marine Geology Team has processed into GIS ready formats as of April 2004. The data are available in ArcInfo GRID and XYZ formats. See the Los Angeles or San Diego maps for the sub-region locations.

These datasets in their present form were not originally intended for publication. The bathymetry and backscatter have data-collection and processing artifacts. These data are being made public to fulfill a Freedom of Information Act request. Care must be taken not to confuse artifacts with real seafloor morphology and acoustic backscatter.

[Summary provided by the USGS.]

Land Subsidence Monitoring via Satellite Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Land Subsidence Monitoring via Satellite market size reached USD 1.46 billion in 2024, with a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% anticipated from 2025 to 2033. The market is projected to achieve a value of USD 2.85 billion by 2033, driven predominantly by rapid urbanization, increased mining and oil & gas activities, and heightened awareness regarding environmental hazards. This growth trajectory is underpinned by the escalating need for advanced geospatial intelligence, particularly in regions prone to ground deformation and infrastructure risks.

The primary growth factor for the Land Subsidence Monitoring via Satellite market is the increasing frequency and severity of land subsidence incidents globally, often resulting from urban development, groundwater extraction, and resource-intensive industries. Governments and private entities are increasingly investing in sophisticated satellite-based monitoring technologies to mitigate the risks associated with ground deformation, infrastructure collapse, and environmental degradation. The integration of advanced satellite technologies such as InSAR and GNSS has enabled high-precision, real-time monitoring over large geographic expanses, thus revolutionizing traditional ground-based approaches. These technological advancements are not only enhancing the accuracy and reliability of subsidence monitoring but are also making it cost-effective for both public and private stakeholders.

Another significant driver is the growing adoption of satellite-based monitoring in the mining and oil & gas sectors. These industries are highly susceptible to subsidence due to extensive extraction activities, which can lead to costly operational disruptions and safety hazards. Satellite monitoring solutions offer continuous, large-scale surveillance capabilities, allowing companies to proactively identify and address subsidence risks. Additionally, regulatory mandates in many countries are compelling mining and oil & gas operators to implement robust land subsidence monitoring systems, further fueling market demand. The increasing prevalence of remote sensing in agriculture and water resource management, aimed at preventing land degradation and optimizing resource utilization, is also contributing to market expansion.

The proliferation of smart city initiatives and infrastructure modernization projects worldwide is catalyzing the adoption of satellite-based land subsidence monitoring. Urban planners and municipal authorities are leveraging geospatial intelligence to ensure the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure such as bridges, roads, and buildings. The integration of satellite data with GIS and IoT platforms is enabling predictive analytics and early warning systems, which are essential for disaster risk reduction and sustainable urban development. Furthermore, international collaborations and funding for environmental monitoring projects are accelerating the deployment of satellite-based solutions, especially in developing economies facing acute subsidence challenges.

From a regional perspective, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing market, propelled by rapid urbanization, extensive mining operations, and significant government investments in geospatial technologies. China and India are leading the charge with large-scale infrastructure projects and stringent environmental regulations. North America and Europe continue to dominate the market in terms of revenue, owing to advanced technological infrastructure, high awareness levels, and proactive regulatory frameworks. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, driven by increased resource extraction activities and a growing emphasis on sustainable land management.

Technology Analysis

The Land Subsidence Monitoring via Satellite market is characterized by a diverse array of technologies, each offering unique capabilities and applications. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) remains the dominant technology, renowned for its ability to detect minute ground movements over vast areas with millimeter-level precision. InSAR leverages phase differences between satellite radar images acquired at different times to measure ground displacement, making it indispensable for urban infrastructure monitoring, mining, and oil & gas applications. Th

Lead-rich sediments, containing at least 1000 ppm of lead (Pb), and derived mainly from discarded mill tailings in the Coeur d'Alene mining region, cover about 60 km2 of the 80-km2 floor of the main stem of the Coeur d'Alene River valley, in north Idaho. Although mill tailings have not been discarded directly into tributary streams since 1968, frequent floods continue to re-mobilize sediment from large secondary sources, previously deposited on the bed, banks, alluvial terraces, and natural levees of the river. Thus, lead-rich sediments (also enriched in iron, manganese, zinc, copper, arsenic, cadmium, antimony and mercury) continue to be deposited on the floodplain. This is hazardous to the health of resident and visiting human and wildlife populations, attracted by the river and its lateral lakes and wetlands.

This report documents and compares depositional rates and lead concentrations of lead-rich sediments deposited on the bed, banks, natural levees, and flood basins of the main stem of the Coeur d'Alene River during several time-stratigraphic intervals. These intervals are defined by their stratigraphic positions relative to the base of the section of lead-rich sediments, the 1980 Mt. St. Helens volcanic-ash layer, and the sedimentary surface at the time of sampling. Four important intervals represent sediment deposition during the following time spans (younger to older): 1. Baseline, from 1980 to about 1993 (after tailings disposal to streams ended, but before any major removals of lead-rich sediments); 2. Early post-tailings-release, from about 1968 to 1980; 3. Historic floodplain-contamination, from about 1903 to 1968; and 4. Background, before the 1893 flood (the first major flood after large-scale mining and milling began upstream in 1886).

Medians of baseline depositional rates and lead concentrations in levee sediments vary laterally, from 6.4 cm/10y and 3300 ppm Pb on riverbanks and levee fore-slopes to 2.8 cm/10y and 3800 ppm Pb on levee back-slope uplands. In lateral flood basins, baseline medians increase with water depth, from 2.2 cm/10y and 1900 ppm Pb in lateral marshes, to 2.9 cm/10y and 2100 ppm Pb in littoral margins of lateral lakes, and 4.0 cm/10y and 4400 ppm Pb on limnetic bottoms of lateral lakes.

The median of lead concentrations in baseline sediments is 82 percent of the median for early post-tailings-release sediments, with a 69-percent probability that the two data sets represent statistically different populations. By contrast, the median of lead concentrations in baseline sediments is 57 percent of the corresponding median for historic-interval sediments, and these two data sets definitely represent statistically different populations. The area-weighted average of medians of lead concentrations in baseline sediments of all depositional settings is 2900 ppm Pb, which is 1.6 times the 1800 ppm Pb that can be lethal to waterfowl. It also is 2.9 times the 1000-ppm-Pb threshold for removal of contaminated soil from residential yards in the Coeur d'Alene mining region, and 111 times the 26-ppm median of background lead concentrations in pre-industrial floodplain sediments.

During episodes of high discharge, lead-rich sediments will continue to be mobilized from large secondary sources on the bed, banks, and natural levees of the river, and will continue to be deposited on the floodplain during frequent floods. Floodplain deposition of lead-rich sediments will continue for centuries unless major secondary sources are removed or stabilized. It is therefore important to design, sequence, implement, and maintain remediation in ways that will limit recontamination.

[Summary provided by the USGS.]

This dataset represents Lake Water Geochemical Analyses for the province of Saskatchewan.

During the intense level of activity directed toward the exploration for uranium in the 1970s, the Saskatchewan Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada funded the collection of several thousand samples of sediments and waters from lakes around the Athabasca Sandstone. All sediment samples were analyzed for U, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Fe and Mn. Selected samples were analyzed for a wide range of additional elements. All lake waters were analyzed for U, F-, and pH, and several hundred samples were analyzed for additional elements and parameters. The Summary Table that precedes this text shows the numbers of samples and elements, and the source of data from which the 8,939 samples listed in the 9 Tables are derived. Over 20 years ago the data in these listings were coded into the Saskatchewan Geological Survey’s ‘Geochemical Data File’, designed in the 1970s (Dunn, 1978b, 1979), and developed by SaskComp (the computer programming department of the Saskatchewan government at that time). The only database listed in the present report that was not in the Geochemical Data File was GSC Open File #779, jointly produced by the SGS and GSC (Coker and Dunn, 1981, 1983) and containing data from detailed surveys of the IAEA/NEA Athabasca Test Area (adjacent to Wollaston Lake). The old Geochemical Data File was state-of-the-art at the time, and data have been available for public scrutiny since inception in 1977. Demonstrations of the File were given at the SGS Open House meetings in 1977 and 1978. The explosive development of personal computers during the past 20 years has made the original Geochemical Data File something of a dinosaur, and the data have been difficult to access and manipulate. The present data file is a compilation that has resulted from detailed evaluation, streamlining, editing and breakdown of the data into simplified Excel files that can easily be manipulated by anyone with a modest knowledge of computers. These data are of historic value and their re-evaluation could assist in current uranium exploration programs. Of particular value is their use in environmental studies, since they represent a 1970s snapshot of the chemistry of the northern Saskatchewan environment prior to mine developments. At the start of sample collection in 1975 Key Lake had not been drained and the only mine site was the pit at Rabbit Lake. This compilation has divided the data into 9 tables, each presented as a shape file. There are 6 shape files of lake sediment data (1LS - 6LS) and 3 shape files of lake water data (4LW - 6LW). Lake water samples were from the same sites as the lake sediments listed in files 4LS - 6LS, hence they have been given the same numeric designation. The data are mostly compatible among the Tables. However, although analytical methods and quality control protocols were similar, they were sufficiently different to warrant treating the data as separate listings. For any regional plotting of data extracted from all Tables these differences should be considered when interpreting distribution patterns. Of particular relevance is that all sediment samples were analyzed for U by neutron activation, with the exception of 158 samples (Table 2LS) where determinations were by fluorometry. These data sets should be fully compatible, because the two techniques provide similar values. Comparison of U data from sediment samples collected and analyzed over four years, then reanalyzed as one batch has shown excellent precision and accuracy (Coker and Dunn, 1981). All U in water determinations were by fluorometry, and all F- by selective ion electrode. Loss on ignition (LOI) data were determined by ignition at 500o C for 4 hours. Table 1LS This data set comprises samples collected by SGS between 1975 and 1978. Samples were digested in aqua regia and all trace elements, except U (see above), were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AA). **Please Note – All published Saskatchewan Geological Survey datasets, including those available through the Saskatchewan Mining and Petroleum GeoAtlas, are sourced from the Enterprise GIS Data Warehouse. They are therefore identical and share the same refresh schedule.

Pennsylvania state law requires those who wish to conduct mining activities within the Commonwealth submit and get approval by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) for permits related to those activities. These permits are written to cover various aspects of the mining operations, such as: reclamation, water quality protection, air quality protection, waste disposal and mine subsidence control. The DEP California District Office reviews permits related to Bituminous coal underground mining. Module 6.1 of the Application for Bituminous Underground Mine requires a Location Map be submitted with the permit. The Location Map should be a 7.5 Minute USGS map covering the area within one (1) mile of the underground permit area boundaries. This dataset contains the digitized underground permit area boundaries of the active underground bituminious mines in Pennsylvania based from the Location Maps submitted with the permit applications and permit renewal applications.