Austin Water updates the following set of key facts and statistics quarterly based on customer and GIS data.

Close to three quarters of the global population had access to safely managed drinking water in 2022, increasing by four percentage points since 2015. Europe and North America was the region with the highest share at 94 percent, while it was lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa, reaching only 31 percent.

It is projected that global water demand will reach ***** billion cubic meters in terms of withdrawal by 2040. In the last few decades, the growth in water demand has doubled that of population growth. Water demand growth is also likely to vary based on region and sector. Regionally, water demand growth is expected to come mostly from India, Africa, and other developing countries in Asia. The agricultural industry is one of the largest consumers of water worldwide, primarily for irrigation purposes. Trends in water use will be largely dependent on urbanization, rising living standards, demand for goods, and changes in dietary preferences. Water accessibility A vast number of people worldwide still lack access to drinking water sources, while an even larger population has no access to improved sanitation services. In India, over **** million people have no household access to a safe water source. Striving to provide safe water access to these remaining population groups would likely also increase domestic water demand as well as the energy and infrastructure that would need to be put in place to provide these basic needs.

Department of Water Resources California Water Plan program computes applied, net, and depletion water balances for California. Water balances are simplified water budgets for a water year based on analyses of developed and dedicated water supplies, water uses by sector, water reuses, operational characteristics for an area, and inflows and outflow for a study area that occur above the root zone. Dedicated and developed water supplies include surface water, groundwater, reused and recycled water. Water uses by sector for these analyses include parameters for agriculture, urban, managed wetlands, Wild and Scenic river annual volumes, minimum required instream flows, and minimum required delta outflow, recognizing that water is often used multiple times and benefits multiple sectors. Water balance results show what water was applied to actual uses so that use equals supply. Recent data provided includes water uses and supplies for WYs 2002-2021 at Detailed Analysis Unit by County (DAUCO), Planning Area (PA), Hydrologic Region (HR), and Statewide spatial scales. Computation and aggregation equations for applied, net, and depletion water balances are included in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for data management and analyses. Zipped data files are in .CSV format.

The California Water Plan Update 2023 Water Balances Supporting Document includes water use and supply discussion, graphics, and links to files and folders of water use and supply data for 1998-2020, and related information. The Update 2023 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Water Balances Automation includes detailed technical information, diagrams, equations, controlled vocabulary, and definitions.

California Water Plan Update 2028 is underway and will include data through WY 2024.

Saudi Arabia water data from Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nationshttp://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/queryThere are too many variables in this dataset. So we have split this dataset into three files namely Demand Water Data, Supply Ground Water Data, Supply Surface Water Data.Citation: "AQUASTAT Database". Fao.org. Web. 10 Mar. 2016

The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) discrete (vs. continuous) water quality datasets contains DWR-collected, current and historical, chemical and physical parameters found in routine environmental, regulatory compliance monitoring, and special studies throughout the state.

Ontario has a comprehensive set of measures and regulations to help ensure the safety of drinking water.

The following dataset contains information about the drinking water systems, laboratories and facilities the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks is responsible for monitoring to ensure compliance with Ontario's drinking water laws.

The dataset includes information about:

• the number and type of registered systems and laboratories
• drinking water quality test results
• adverse water quality incidents
• activities to support reduced lead in drinking water
• enforcement activities related to inspections
• orders and convictions
• system operator certification

The USGS compiles online access to water-resources data collected at approximately 1.5 million sites in all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

The Water Quality Control Policy for Recycled Water (Recycled Water Policy) requires wastewater and recycled water dischargers (including dischargers that do not produce any recycled water) to annually report monthly volumes of influent, wastewater produced, and effluent, including treatment level and discharge type. As applicable, dischargers are additionally required to annually report recycled water use by volume and category of reuse. Data is self reported and submitted by dischargers through a reporting module in GeoTracker and collected on an annual basis.

The Water Quality Portal (WQP) is a cooperative service sponsored by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC). It serves data collected by over 400 state, federal, tribal, and local agencies. Water quality data can be downloaded in Excel, CSV, TSV, and KML formats. Fourteen site types are found in the WQP: aggregate groundwater use, aggregate surface water use, atmosphere, estuary, facility, glacier, lake, land, ocean, spring, stream, subsurface, well, and wetland. Water quality characteristic groups include physical conditions, chemical and bacteriological water analyses, chemical analyses of fish tissue, taxon abundance data, toxicity data, habitat assessment scores, and biological index scores, among others. Within these groups, thousands of water quality variables registered in the EPA Substance Registry Service (https://iaspub.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/home/overview/home.do) and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (https://www.itis.gov/) are represented. Across all site types, physical characteristics (e.g., temperature and water level) are the most common water quality result type in the system. The Water Quality Exchange data model (WQX; http://www.exchangenetwork.net/data-exchange/wqx/), initially developed by the Environmental Information Exchange Network, was adapted by EPA to support submission of water quality records to the EPA STORET Data Warehouse [USEPA, 2016], and has subsequently become the standard data model for the WQP. Contributing organizations: ACWI The Advisory Committee on Water Information (ACWI) represents the interests of water information users and professionals in advising the federal government on federal water information programs and their effectiveness in meeting the nation's water information needs. ARS The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief in-house scientific research agency, whose job is finding solutions to agricultural problems that affect Americans every day, from field to table. ARS conducts research to develop and transfer solutions to agricultural problems of high national priority and provide information access and dissemination to, among other topics, enhance the natural resource base and the environment. Water quality data from STEWARDS, the primary database for the USDA/ARS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) are ingested into WQP via a web service. EPA The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gathers and distributes water quality monitoring data collected by states, tribes, watershed groups, other federal agencies, volunteer groups, and universities through the Water Quality Exchange framework in the STORET Warehouse. NWQMC The National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC) provides a national forum for coordination of comparable and scientifically defensible methods and strategies to improve water quality monitoring, assessment, and reporting. It also promotes partnerships to foster collaboration, advance the science, and improve management within all elements of the water quality monitoring community. USGS The United States Geological Survey (USGS) investigates the occurrence, quantity, quality, distribution, and movement of surface waters and ground waters and disseminates the data to the public, state, and local governments, public and private utilities, and other federal agencies involved with managing the United States' water resources. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Website Pointer for Water Quality Portal. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.waterqualitydata.us/ The Water Quality Portal (WQP) is a cooperative service sponsored by the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Water Quality Monitoring Council (NWQMC). It serves data collected by over 400 state, federal, tribal, and local agencies. Links to Download Data, User Guide, Contributing Organizations, National coverage by state.

Indonesia Water Statistic: Consumption data was reported at 14,253,691.000 IDR mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 12,854,363.000 IDR mn for 2015. Indonesia Water Statistic: Consumption data is updated yearly, averaging 8,250,734.000 IDR mn from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2017, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14,253,691.000 IDR mn in 2017 and a record low of 4,240,740.000 IDR mn in 2003. Indonesia Water Statistic: Consumption data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.RIG002: Water Consumption.

State, 2016 –2020; County, 2020. The report includes both state and county level water fluoridation data generated from the Water Fluoridation Reporting System (WFRS). State level statistics include data from the biennial report originally published at https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/reference_stats.htm. State and county data include percentage of people, number of people, and number of water systems receiving fluoridated water. County level data is not displayed for all states. Participation in sharing county level data is voluntary and state programs determine if data will be shown.

This table displays the population served by drinking water plants, broken down by source water type for Canada, provinces, territories and drainage regions. The unit of measure is persons. The table frequency is occasional.

Indonesia Water Statistic: Consumption: Bali data was reported at 374,658.000 IDR mn in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 495,937.000 IDR mn for 2015. Indonesia Water Statistic: Consumption: Bali data is updated yearly, averaging 177,358.000 IDR mn from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2017, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 495,937.000 IDR mn in 2015 and a record low of 19,245.000 IDR mn in 1995. Indonesia Water Statistic: Consumption: Bali data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Indonesia – Table ID.RIG002: Water Consumption.

The U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Use Information Program is responsible for compiling and disseminating the nation's water-use data. The USGS works in cooperation with local, State, and Federal environmental agencies to collect water-use information. USGS compiles these data to produce water-use information aggregated at the county, state, and national levels. Every five years, data at the county level are compiled into a national water-use data system and state-level data are published in a national circular. Over the history of these circulars, the water-use categories have had some changes.

Vanuatu VU: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: % of Population data was reported at 90.504 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 89.768 % for 2014. Vanuatu VU: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 84.626 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 90.504 % in 2015 and a record low of 81.606 % in 2000. Vanuatu VU: People Using At Least Basic Drinking Water Services: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vanuatu – Table VU.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. The percentage of people using at least basic water services. This indicator encompasses both people using basic water services as well as those using safely managed water services. Basic drinking water services is defined as drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip. Improved water sources include piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and packaged or delivered water.; ; WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (washdata.org).; Weighted average;

Saudi Arabia water data from Food and Agricultural Organization of the United NationsLink for datasourceCitation: "AQUASTAT Database". Fao.org. Web. 10 Mar. 2016.

There are multiple well-recognized and peer-reviewed global datasets that can be used to assess water availability and water pollution. Each of these datasets are based on different inputs, modeling approaches, and assumptions. Therefore, in SBTN Step 1: Assess and Step 2: Interpret & Prioritize, companies are required to consult different global datasets for a robust and comprehensive State of Nature (SoN) assessment for water availability and water pollution.

To streamline this process, WWF, the World Resources Institute (WRI), and SBTN worked together to develop two ready-to-use unified layers of SoN – one for water availability and one for water pollution – in line with the Technical Guidance for Steps 1: Assess and Step 2: Interpret & Prioritize. The result is a single file (shapefile) containing the maximum value both for water availability and for water pollution, as well as the datasets’ raw values (as references). This data is publicly available for download from this repository.

These unified layers will make it easier for companies to implement a robust approach, and they will lead to more aligned and comparable results between companies. A temporary App is available at https://arcg.is/0z9mOD0 to help companies assess the SoN for water availability and water pollution around their operations and supply chain locations. In the future, these layers will become available both in the WRI’s Aqueduct and in the WWF Risk Filter Suite.

For the SoN for water availability, the following datasets were considered:

• Baseline water stress (Hofste et al. 2019), data available here

• Water depletion (Brauman et al. 2016), data available here

• Blue water scarcity (Mekonnen & Hoekstra 2016), data upon request to the authors

For the SoN for water pollution, the following datasets were considered:

• Coastal Eutrophication Potential (Hofste et al. 2019), data available here

• Nitrate-Nitrite Concentration (Damania et al. 2019), data available here

• Periphyton Growth Potential (McDowell et al. 2020), data available here

In general, the same processing steps were performed for all datasets:

1. Compute the area-weighted median of each dataset at a common spatial resolution, i.e. HydroSHEDS HydroBasins Level 6 in this case.

2. Classify datasets to a common range as reclassifying raw values to 1-5 values, where 0 (zero) was used for cells or features with no data. See the documentation for more details.

3. Identify the maximum value between the classified datasets, separately, for Water Availability and for Water Pollution.

For transparency and reproducibility, the code is publicly available at https://github.com/rafaexx/sbtn-SoN-water