How many people use social media?

              Social media usage is one of the most popular online activities. In 2024, over five billion people were using social media worldwide, a number projected to increase to over six billion in 2028.

              Who uses social media?
              Social networking is one of the most popular digital activities worldwide and it is no surprise that social networking penetration across all regions is constantly increasing. As of January 2023, the global social media usage rate stood at 59 percent. This figure is anticipated to grow as lesser developed digital markets catch up with other regions
              when it comes to infrastructure development and the availability of cheap mobile devices. In fact, most of social media’s global growth is driven by the increasing usage of mobile devices. Mobile-first market Eastern Asia topped the global ranking of mobile social networking penetration, followed by established digital powerhouses such as the Americas and Northern Europe.

              How much time do people spend on social media?
              Social media is an integral part of daily internet usage. On average, internet users spend 151 minutes per day on social media and messaging apps, an increase of 40 minutes since 2015. On average, internet users in Latin America had the highest average time spent per day on social media.

              What are the most popular social media platforms?
              Market leader Facebook was the first social network to surpass one billion registered accounts and currently boasts approximately 2.9 billion monthly active users, making it the most popular social network worldwide. In June 2023, the top social media apps in the Apple App Store included mobile messaging apps WhatsApp and Telegram Messenger, as well as the ever-popular app version of Facebook.

As of October 2025, 6.04 billion individuals worldwide were internet users, which amounted to 73.2 percent of the global population. Of this total, 5.66 billion, or 68.7 percent of the world's population, were social media users. Global internet usage Connecting billions of people worldwide, the internet is a core pillar of the modern information society. Northern Europe ranked first among worldwide regions by the share of the population using the internet in 2025. In the Netherlands, Norway, and Saudi Arabia, 99 percent of the population used the internet as of February 2025. North Korea was at the opposite end of the spectrum, with virtually no internet usage penetration among the general population, ranking last worldwide. Eastern Asia was home to the largest number of online users worldwide—over 1.34 billion at the latest count. Southern Asia ranked second, with around 1.2 billion internet users. China, India, and the United States rank ahead of other countries worldwide by the number of internet users. Worldwide internet user demographics As of 2024, the share of female internet users worldwide was 65 percent, five percent less than that of men. Gender disparity in internet usage was bigger in African countries, with around a 10-percent difference. Worldwide regions, like the Commonwealth of Independent States and Europe, showed a smaller usage gap between these two genders. As of 2024, global internet usage was higher among individuals between 15 and 24 years old across all regions, with young people in Europe representing the most considerable usage penetration, 98 percent. In comparison, the worldwide average for the age group of 15 to 24 years was 79 percent. The income level of the countries was also an essential factor for internet access, as 93 percent of the population of the countries with high income reportedly used the internet, as opposed to only 27 percent of the low-income markets.

The global social media penetration rate in was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 11.6 (+18.19 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the penetration rate is estimated to reach 75.31 and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the social media penetration rate of was continuously increasing over the past years.

During a 2025 survey, ** percent of respondents from Nigeria stated that they used social media as a source of news. In comparison, just ** percent of Japanese respondents said the same. Large portions of social media users around the world admit that they do not trust social platforms either as media sources or as a way to get news, and yet they continue to access such networks on a daily basis. Social media: trust and consumption Despite the majority of adults surveyed in each country reporting that they used social networks to keep up to date with news and current affairs, a 2018 study showed that social media is the least trusted news source in the world. Less than ** percent of adults in Europe considered social networks to be trustworthy in this respect, yet more than ** percent of adults in Portugal, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Croatia said that they got their news on social media. What is clear is that we live in an era where social media is such an enormous part of daily life that consumers will still use it in spite of their doubts or reservations. Concerns about fake news and propaganda on social media have not stopped billions of users accessing their favorite networks on a daily basis. Most Millennials in the United States use social media for news every day, and younger consumers in European countries are much more likely to use social networks for national political news than their older peers. Like it or not, reading news on social is fast becoming the norm for younger generations, and this form of news consumption will likely increase further regardless of whether consumers fully trust their chosen network or not.

The global Social Media Automation Tool market is poised for substantial growth, projected to reach a market size of approximately $1,800 million by 2025, with an estimated Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% over the forecast period of 2025-2033. This upward trajectory is primarily driven by the increasing need for efficient social media management across businesses of all sizes. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly adopting these tools to compete with larger organizations by streamlining content scheduling, audience engagement, and performance analytics. The shift towards cloud-based solutions is a significant trend, offering scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, thereby lowering the barrier to entry for many businesses. Major players like Sprout Social, Hootsuite, and Buffer are continuously innovating, introducing advanced features such as AI-powered content optimization, comprehensive analytics, and integrated social listening capabilities to cater to evolving market demands. The market's expansion is further fueled by the growing importance of a strong online presence for brand building, customer service, and lead generation in today's digital-first landscape. Despite the robust growth prospects, the Social Media Automation Tool market faces certain restraints. The intense competition among numerous vendors, including established giants and emerging startups, can lead to price pressures and make differentiation challenging. Concerns regarding data privacy and security also remain a significant consideration for businesses, requiring tool providers to maintain stringent compliance standards. Furthermore, the potential for over-automation leading to a perceived lack of authenticity in brand communication can be a deterrent for some users. However, the overwhelming benefits of time savings, improved consistency, and data-driven insights are expected to outweigh these challenges. The market is segmented by application into SMEs and Large Enterprises, with SMEs expected to contribute significantly to adoption growth. By type, cloud-based solutions dominate, driven by their inherent flexibility and scalability. Regionally, North America and Europe are leading markets, with Asia Pacific showing rapid adoption due to increasing internet penetration and digital transformation initiatives. This comprehensive report offers an in-depth analysis of the global Social Media Automation Tool market, providing critical insights for stakeholders navigating this dynamic landscape. With a study period spanning from 2019 to 2033, including a base year of 2025, and a detailed forecast period of 2025-2033, this report delivers actionable intelligence. We delve into market concentration, identify emerging trends, pinpoint dominating regions and segments, and examine product nuances. The report quantifies the market's potential, projecting significant growth, with estimated market revenues reaching $3.5 million in the base year of 2025, and a projected $9.2 million by 2033. We explore the competitive environment, analyze driving forces and challenges, and highlight crucial growth catalysts that will shape the industry. Key players are identified, and significant historical and future developments are meticulously documented.

Kenya’s 2021 digital trends report covering population stats, mobile connections, internet penetration, social media adoption, device ownership, and connection speeds. Based on Hootsuite, We Are Social, and Statista data.

How much time do people spend on social media?

              As of 2024, the average daily social media usage of internet users worldwide amounted to 143 minutes per day, down from 151 minutes in the previous year. Currently, the country with the most time spent on social media per day is Brazil, with online users spending an average of three hours and 49 minutes on social media each day. In comparison, the daily time spent with social media in
              the U.S. was just two hours and 16 minutes. Global social media usageCurrently, the global social network penetration rate is 62.3 percent. Northern Europe had an 81.7 percent social media penetration rate, topping the ranking of global social media usage by region. Eastern and Middle Africa closed the ranking with 10.1 and 9.6 percent usage reach, respectively.
              People access social media for a variety of reasons. Users like to find funny or entertaining content and enjoy sharing photos and videos with friends, but mainly use social media to stay in touch with current events friends. Global impact of social mediaSocial media has a wide-reaching and significant impact on not only online activities but also offline behavior and life in general.
              During a global online user survey in February 2019, a significant share of respondents stated that social media had increased their access to information, ease of communication, and freedom of expression. On the flip side, respondents also felt that social media had worsened their personal privacy, increased a polarization in politics and heightened everyday distractions.

It starts with a familiar flick of the thumb. A notification pops up during breakfast, a reel plays in the background while brushing teeth, and before we know it, half the morning has disappeared into a scroll. This isn’t just anecdotal, it’s a digital behavior woven into the daily routine...

As of April 2024, around 16.5 percent of global active Instagram users were men between the ages of 18 and 24 years. More than half of the global Instagram population worldwide was aged 34 years or younger.

              Teens and social media

              As one of the biggest social networks worldwide, Instagram is especially popular with teenagers. As of fall 2020, the photo-sharing app ranked third in terms of preferred social network among teenagers in the United States, second to Snapchat and TikTok. Instagram was one of the most influential advertising channels among female Gen Z users when making purchasing decisions. Teens report feeling more confident, popular, and better about themselves when using social media, and less lonely, depressed and anxious.
              Social media can have negative effects on teens, which is also much more pronounced on those with low emotional well-being. It was found that 35 percent of teenagers with low social-emotional well-being reported to have experienced cyber bullying when using social media, while in comparison only five percent of teenagers with high social-emotional well-being stated the same. As such, social media can have a big impact on already fragile states of mind.

The dataset contains year- and month-wise compiled data from the year 2021 to till date on the number of different types of grievances (complaints) received from the users of Facebook and Instagram by Meta and the action taken by it. The data compiled is based on the monthly transparency reports published by Meta in accordance with Rule 4(1)(d) of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules, 2021).

The types of grievances received by Meta, for Facebook and Instagram, include content showing sexual content, account hacked, lost of access, harassment, request access to personal data, etc. and the action taken include resolution by tools and special review

Note: Upon reviewing the Monthly Report for June 2025, we noticed discrepancies between the Received and Actioned values and the overall total reported for Instagram. The numbers don't add up correctly.

Snapshot img

Mobile Content Market Size 2024-2028

The mobile content market size is forecast to increase by USD 971.6 billion at a CAGR of 38.81% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing use of social media on mobile devices and the rising popularity of virtual reality videos. These trends are transforming the way consumers engage with content on their mobile devices. However, the market also faces challenges, including privacy and data security concerns. As consumers become more aware of the importance of protecting their personal information, mobile content providers must prioritize security measures to build trust and maintain user engagement. This market trends and analysis report delves into these factors and more, providing insights into the current state and future direction of the market.

What will be the Size of the Mobile Content Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses a diverse range of services and applications catering to the ever-growing base of mobile users worldwide. Mobile devices, including smartphones and tablets, have transformed the way we consume content, with social media platforms leading the charge. Advertising, both on the mobile web and through mobile applications, has become a significant revenue contributor, particularly for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) seeking to reach their audience through digital marketing channels. SMS marketing and location-based marketing are additional avenues for businesses to engage consumers. Telecom companies play a crucial role In the mobile content ecosystem, providing the underlying infrastructure for mobile communications.
Additionally, security and privacy concerns, driven by the increasing use of mobile devices for sensitive transactions, have become a major focus. Virtual reality, short-form video, mobile gaming, and AI solutions are among the emerging trends shaping the mobile content landscape. The fragmentation of mobile devices and the need for data security continue to pose challenges for content providers and consumers alike. Internet users increasingly demand personalized, on-demand content, driving innovation in the market. The market's digitalization is expected to continue, with cloud-based solutions and advanced technologies like AI and VR poised to transform the way we create, consume, and monetize mobile content.

How is this Mobile Content Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The mobile content industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Type

  Gaming
  Video
  Music and image
  Others


Ownership

  SMEs
  Large enterprises


Geography

  North America

    US


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  Europe

    UK


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The gaming segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market encompasses various sectors, including mobile applications, mobile web, social media, advertising, and digital services. With the proliferation of smartphones and tablets among mobile users, the demand for mobile content has grown. Mobile applications, particularly in gaming, have witnessed significant growth due to the increasing number of internet users and easy access to high-speed networks. Virtual reality and augmented reality-based games have revolutionized the mobile gaming industry, driving innovation and user engagement. In-app purchases and subscriptions have emerged as popular revenue models, contributing significantly to the market's growth.

Additionally, SMEs and enterprises have adopted mobile content for productivity and enterprise mobility solutions. Security concerns, including data security and privacy, remain crucial factors influencing the market's growth. The market's digital ecosystem includes various players offering professional services, consulting services, and content distribution. The revenue model varies from pay-per-download to streaming services and in-app purchases. The market's growth is fueled by consumer preferences, digitalization, and the integration of AI solutions, cloud RAN, and machine learning technologies.

Get a glance at the Mobile Content Industry report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

The gaming segment was valued at USD 28.30 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 31% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market share o

A global survey conducted in the third quarter of 2024 found that the main reason for using social media was to keep in touch with friends and family, with over 50.8 percent of social media users saying this was their main reason for using online networks. Overall, 39 percent of social media users said that filling spare time was their main reason for using social media platforms, whilst 34.5 percent of respondents said they used it to read news stories. Less than one in five users were on social platforms for the reason of following celebrities and influencers.

              The most popular social network

              Facebook dominates the social media landscape. The world's most popular social media platform turned 20 in February 2024, and it continues to lead the way in terms of user numbers. As of February 2025, the social network had over three billion global users. YouTube, Instagram, and WhatsApp follow, but none of these well-known brands can surpass Facebook’s audience size.
              Moreover, as of the final quarter of 2023, there were almost four billion Meta product users.

              Ever-evolving social media usage

              The utilization of social media remains largely gratuitous; however, companies have been encouraging users to become paid subscribers to reduce dependence on advertising profits. Meta Verified entices users by offering a blue verification badge and proactive account protection, among other things. X (formerly Twitter), Snapchat, and Reddit also offer users the chance to upgrade their social media accounts for a monthly free.

In 2008, the average human attention span was 12 seconds. Fast forward to 2025, and many studies suggest it's now hovering around 8 seconds, shorter than that of a goldfish. It’s no coincidence that during this same period, social media platforms surged to dominate how we consume content. Whether you're...

Social Media has become a part of our day-to-day routine, keeping users from across the world well-connected through digital platforms. With each passing year, social media is evolving at a rapid speed. With each passing year, the number of social media users is increasing at an immersive speed. Reports also suggest the number of social media users will reach a milestone of 5.85 billion in 2027.

In 2024, 62.6% of the world’s population will access social media, which clearly indicates the dominance of social media platforms in today’s world. In this article, we will examine social media statistics for 2024, uncovering monthly active users, daily time spent by users, most downloaded social media apps, etc.

The decentralized social media (DSM) software market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing concerns over data privacy, censorship, and centralized control of online platforms. The market, currently estimated at $500 million in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 30% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $4 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key trends: the rising adoption of blockchain technology, the growing demand for user-owned data, and a surge in interest in Web3 applications. The key application segments are personal use and enterprise solutions, with cloud-based deployment leading the way. While the market faces challenges like scalability issues, user experience limitations, and the need for enhanced security measures, the inherent advantages of decentralization – increased transparency, censorship resistance, and improved data security – are powerful drivers of market expansion. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with a multitude of platforms, including Minds, Mastodon, Bluesky, and others, vying for market share. This competition fosters innovation and drives the evolution of the DSM ecosystem, leading to the development of more robust and user-friendly platforms. Regional growth is anticipated across all regions, with North America and Europe expected to maintain a significant market share due to higher technology adoption rates and strong awareness of decentralized technologies. However, rapid adoption in Asia-Pacific and other developing regions is anticipated, potentially leading to a more balanced global distribution in the coming years. The success of the DSM market hinges on overcoming technical and adoption challenges. This includes improving the overall user experience, enhancing interoperability between different platforms, and addressing scalability limitations to support a larger user base. Furthermore, education and awareness campaigns are crucial to attract both individual users and businesses, highlighting the benefits of decentralized social media in terms of privacy, control, and community governance. As the technology matures and the user base expands, the DSM market's growth trajectory is expected to remain strong, potentially transforming the social media landscape as we know it. The integration of innovative features such as decentralized identity solutions and improved content moderation mechanisms will further contribute to the growth and mainstream adoption of these platforms.

In many ways social media serve as today’s town square, however, social media platforms are privately owned, and users are subject to the platform’s terms of service and community standards. To identify objectionable content, social media platforms rely in part on users to “report” offensive content which the platform then decides to leave up or take down. While users play a critical role in determining what content will be flagged for review by the platforms, we know very little about user behavior and whether users are demonstrably biased in their reporting. We run a population-based experiment to test for systematic bias in social media reporting on a nationally representative sample of Americans (2,500) and find no evidence of bias according to race or gender in predicting the likelihood that inflammatory social media posts will be flagged by other users for removal.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Digital Marketing Analytic market size was USD 4518.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.90% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share, more than 40% of the global revenue, with a market size of USD XX million in 2024. It will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.6% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for over 30% of the global USD XX million market size.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America's market will have more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8% from 2024 to 2031.
The Middle East and Africa held the major market share, around 2% of the global revenue, with a market size of USD XX million in 2024. The market will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.1% from 2024 to 2031.
Social media marketing held the highest Digital Marketing Analytics market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Digital Marketing Analytics Market

Key Drivers of Digital Marketing Analytics Market

Various Strategies Adopted by Key Players to Provide Viable Market Output

The Digital Marketing Analytics market is experiencing significant growth due to various strategies adopted by key players. These include investing in advanced analytics technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, enhancing their product offerings with features like predictive analytics and real-time data visualization, expanding their global presence through partnerships and acquisitions, and focusing on customer-centric approaches to improve user experience and satisfaction. Overall, these strategies help companies stay competitive and meet the evolving needs of the market.

For instance, in May 2023, Mixpanel propounded the launch of marketing analytics. It enables brands to get insights into the channels that drive new user mergers through multi-touch attribution. It also helps brands increase their return on advertising spend by monitoring the performance of channels and campaigns. It allows brands to get their most valuable customer segments by finding demographic or behavioral cohorts.

(Source: https://mixpanel.com/blog/mixpanel-marketing-analytics/)

Rising Influence of Social Media to Propel Market Growth

The digital marketing analytics market is experiencing growth due to the influence of social media. As social media platforms continue to gain more, businesses are relying on them to connect with customers, get brand awareness, and drive sales. Consequently, there's a growing need for advanced analytics tools to track social media performance, engagement metrics, customer sentiment, and ROI. These analytics provide invaluable insights that enable companies to refine their marketing strategies, optimize campaigns, and enhance overall effectiveness in leveraging social media platforms for business growth. Thus, the escalating importance of social media underscores the increasing demand for sophisticated digital marketing analytics solutions.

For instance, in 2020, McDonald's India North and East started a social media advertisement campaign, McGrillis Back, to capture a major revenue share in the Quick Service Restaurant market. It helped the company gain 24,000 posts on Twitter and more than 200 followers on Instagram.

(Source: https://www.afaqs.com/news/advertising/mcdonalds-india-north-east-strikes-a-chord-with-its-new-campaign-we-get-it)

Restraint Factors of Digital Marketing Analytics Market

Lack of Skilled Talent to Restrict Market Growth

The digital marketing analytics market faces a challenge due to a need for more skilled talent. This scarcity hampers the effective utilization of analytical tools and platforms, hindering businesses from extracting valuable insights to optimize their marketing strategies. With skilled personnel adept at interpreting and applying analytics, organizations can leverage data-driven decision-making processes effectively. Addressing this talent gap through training programs and educational initiatives is essential to unlock the full potential of digital marketing analytics and drive business g...

In this study, we analyzed 2,584 posts and comments on carnivore sightings, human-carnivore interactions, and attitudes toward carnivores via the neighborhood-based social media platform Nextdoor, focusing on 52 peri-urban neighborhoods near the Angeles National Forest in California. We focused on the two most frequently discussed species: coyote (Canis latrans) and American black bear (Ursus americanus). We then analyzed social-ecological covariates as potential predictors of Nextdoor carnivore reports, and also compared the sightings of these species to data collected on the popular biodiversity logging application, iNaturalist., With the help of community members recruited through the personal network of W.S., we created three Nextdoor accounts using addresses in the cities of Arcadia, El Monte, and Covina. We gathered posts and comments for analysis through systematic searches conducted via Nextdoor’s search function while logged into each of the three accounts. We searched Nextdoor using the following keywords: “wildlife†, “bear†, “mountain lion†, “puma†, “coyote†, “bobcat†, “deer†, “raccoon†, and “opossum†between December of 2021 and January of 2022. While results relating to species other than black bear and coyote were later excluded due to limited sample sizes, the Nextdoor search algorithm returned posts related to multiple species under each keyword; thus, our two focal species were sometimes mentioned in comments related to other species within our search. The posts and comments gathered were produced by users between July of 2019 and January of 2022. We reviewed every post returned in the search and ..., , # Social media reports of urban carnivores in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles county

Dataset DOI: 10.5061/dryad.80gb5mm04

Description of the data and file structure

We estimated demographic and ecological characteristics of Nextdoor neighborhoods using ArcGis Pro Version 2.8.6 (ESRI 2022). We calculated demographic estimates for each neighborhood by weighing the values in constituent census blocks and block groups by the percent to which they constituted each neighborhood polygon. We used curated data on total population, population by race, median household income, and median home value for each neighborhood (US Census Bureau 2020). We used a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset derived from imagery (60cm spatial resolution) collected by the National Agriculture Imagery Program in May 2020 (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2020) to calculate mean NDVI for each neighborhood. We used data regarding votes for major candid...,

This database is comprised of 951 participants who provided self-report data online in their school classrooms. The data was collected in 2016 and 2017. The dataset is comprised of 509 males (54%) and 442 females (46%). Their ages ranged from 12 to 16 years (M = 13.69, SD = 0.72). Seven participants did not report their age. The majority were born in Australia (N = 849, 89%). The next most common countries of birth were China (N = 24, 2.5%), the UK (N = 23, 2.4%), and the USA (N = 9, 0.9%). Data were drawn from students at five Australian independent secondary schools.

The data contains item responses for the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1998) which is comprised of 44 items. The Social media question asked about frequency of use with the question “How often do you use social media?”. The response options ranged from constantly to once a week or less. Items measuring Fear of Missing Out were included and incorporated the following five questions based on the APS Stress and Wellbeing in Australia Survey (APS, 2015). These were “When I have a good time it is important for me to share the details online; I am afraid that I will miss out on something if I don’t stay connected to my online social networks; I feel worried and uncomfortable when I can’t access my social media accounts; I find it difficult to relax or sleep after spending time on social networking sites; I feel my brain burnout with the constant connectivity of social media. Internal consistency for this measure was α = .81. Self compassion was measured using the 12-item short-form of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF; Raes et al., 2011).

The data set has the option of downloading an excel file (composed of two worksheet tabs) or CSV files 1) Data and 2) Variable labels.

References:

Australian Psychological Society. (2015). Stress and wellbeing in Australia survey. _{https://www.headsup.org.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/stress-and-wellbeing-in-australia-report.pdf?sfvrsn=7f08274d_4}

Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. _{https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702}

Spence, S. H. (1998). A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(5), 545-566. _{https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00034-5}

This report investigates media developments and market concentration trends across nearly two dozen communication, internet and media industries that make up the South Korean network media economy. We start by studying each of the sectors covered individually before grouping them into three larger mid-range categories of similar types of services: telecoms and internet access sectors, online and traditional media services, and core internet sectors. Ultimately, we bring all these sectors together to give a composite view of the network media economy over the period from 2019 to 2021. In a country where there is little established research on the topic of media concentration and ownership, the goal of this report is to simultaneously examine specific media sectors so that we can understand their unique features, dynamics, and trends and move from there toward a holistic understanding of the South Korean network media economy.