This dataset contains 145063 time series representing the number of hits or web traffic for a set of Wikipedia pages from 2015-07-01 to 2022-06-30. This is an extended version of the dataset that was used in the Kaggle Wikipedia Web Traffic forecasting competition. For consistency, the same Wikipedia pages that were used in the competition have been used in this dataset as well. The colons (:) in article names have been replaced by dashes (-) to make the .tsf file readable using our data loaders.

The data were downloaded from the Wikimedia REST API. According to the conditions of the API, this dataset is licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL licenses.

This dataset contains 145063 time series representing the number of hits or web traffic for a set of Wikipedia pages from 2015-07-01 to 2022-06-30. This is an extended version of the dataset that was used in the Kaggle Wikipedia Web Traffic forecasting competition. For consistency, the same Wikipedia pages that were used in the competition have been used in this dataset as well. The colons (:) in article names have been replaced by dashes (-) to make the .tsf file readable using our data loaders.

The original dataset contains missing values. They have been simply replaced by zeros.

The data were downloaded from the Wikimedia REST API. According to the conditions of the API, this dataset is licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL licenses.

Context There's a story behind every dataset and here's your opportunity to share yours.

Content What's inside is more than just rows and columns. Make it easy for others to get started by describing how you acquired the data and what time period it represents, too.

Acknowledgements We wouldn't be here without the help of others. If you owe any attributions or thanks, include them here along with any citations of past research.

Inspiration Your data will be in front of the world's largest data science community. What questions do you want to see answered?

Dataset

This dataset was created by kajal

Contents

Public (anonymized) road traffic prediction datasets from Huawei Munich Research Center.

Datasets from a variety of traffic sensors (i.e. induction loops) for traffic prediction. The data is useful for forecasting traffic patterns and adjusting stop-light control parameters, i.e. cycle length, offset and split times.

The dataset contains recorded data from 6 crosses in the urban area for the last 56 days, in the form of flow timeseries, depicted the number of vehicles passing every 5 minutes for a whole day (i.e. 12 readings/h, 288 readings/day, 16128 readings / 56 days).

According to the estimates of the National Institute of Telecommunications, the average monthly use of data by the mobile Internet in Poland will increase around 25 times by 2025. According to the model by CISCO, it will increase to 51.65 gigabytes per SIM.

Click Web Traffic Combined with Transaction Data: A New Dimension of Shopper Insights

Consumer Edge is a leader in alternative consumer data for public and private investors and corporate clients. Click enhances the unparalleled accuracy of CE Transact by allowing investors to delve deeper and browse further into global online web traffic for CE Transact companies and more. Leverage the unique fusion of web traffic and transaction datasets to understand the addressable market and understand spending behavior on consumer and B2B websites. See the impact of changes in marketing spend, search engine algorithms, and social media awareness on visits to a merchant’s website, and discover the extent to which product mix and pricing drive or hinder visits and dwell time. Plus, Click uncovers a more global view of traffic trends in geographies not covered by Transact. Doubleclick into better forecasting, with Click.

Consumer Edge’s Click is available in machine-readable file delivery and enables: • Comprehensive Global Coverage: Insights across 620+ brands and 59 countries, including key markets in the US, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. • Integrated Data Ecosystem: Click seamlessly maps web traffic data to CE entities and stock tickers, enabling a unified view across various business intelligence tools. • Near Real-Time Insights: Daily data delivery with a 5-day lag ensures timely, actionable insights for agile decision-making. • Enhanced Forecasting Capabilities: Combining web traffic indicators with transaction data helps identify patterns and predict revenue performance.

Use Case: Analyze Year Over Year Growth Rate by Region

Problem A public investor wants to understand how a company’s year-over-year growth differs by region.

Solution The firm leveraged Consumer Edge Click data to: • Gain visibility into key metrics like views, bounce rate, visits, and addressable spend • Analyze year-over-year growth rates for a time period • Breakout data by geographic region to see growth trends

Metrics Include: • Spend • Items • Volume • Transactions • Price Per Volume

Inquire about a Click subscription to perform more complex, near real-time analyses on public tickers and private brands as well as for industries beyond CPG like: • Monitor web traffic as a leading indicator of stock performance and consumer demand • Analyze customer interest and sentiment at the brand and sub-brand levels

Consumer Edge offers a variety of datasets covering the US, Europe (UK, Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain), and across the globe, with subscription options serving a wide range of business needs.

Consumer Edge is the Leader in Data-Driven Insights Focused on the Global Consumer

Market Analysis for Network Traffic Analysis Tools The global Network Traffic Analysis (NTA) Tool market is projected to reach a valuation of USD XXX million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2025-2033). The rising need to monitor and secure network traffic, coupled with increased adoption of cloud-based and hybrid network environments, is driving the market growth. Key industry players include Cisco, ExtraHop, ManageEngine, Netreo, Noction, Packetbeat, SolarWinds, and Splunk. The NTA tool market is segmented by type (cloud-based and on-premises) and application (BFSI, healthcare, government, retail, and others). Cloud-based solutions are gaining traction due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. Key market trends include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for real-time threat detection and advanced analytics. However, data privacy concerns and deployment costs may pose restraints. With growing demand from various industries, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness significant growth in the NTA tool market in the coming years.

This is a dynamic traffic map service with capabilities for visualizing traffic speeds relative to free-flow speeds as well as traffic incidents which can be visualized and identified. The traffic data is updated every five minutes. Traffic speeds are displayed as a percentage of free-flow speeds, which is frequently the speed limit or how fast cars tend to travel when unencumbered by other vehicles. The streets are color coded as follows:Green (fast): 85 - 100% of free flow speedsYellow (moderate): 65 - 85%Orange (slow); 45 - 65%Red (stop and go): 0 - 45%Esri's historical, live, and predictive traffic feeds come directly from HERE (www.HERE.com). HERE collects billions of GPS and cell phone probe records per month and, where available, uses sensor and toll-tag data to augment the probe data collected. An advanced algorithm compiles the data and computes accurate speeds. Historical traffic is based on the average of observed speeds over the past three years. The live and predictive traffic data is updated every five minutes through traffic feeds. The color coded traffic map layer can be used to represent relative traffic speeds; this is a common type of a map for online services and is used to provide context for routing, navigation and field operations. The traffic map layer contains two sublayers: Traffic and Live Traffic. The Traffic sublayer (shown by default) leverages historical, live and predictive traffic data; while the Live Traffic sublayer is calculated from just the live and predictive traffic data only. A color coded traffic map image can be requested for the current time and any time in the future. A map image for a future request might be used for planning purposes. The map layer also includes dynamic traffic incidents showing the location of accidents, construction, closures and other issues that could potentially impact the flow of traffic. Traffic incidents are commonly used to provide context for routing, navigation and field operations. Incidents are not features; they cannot be exported and stored for later use or additional analysis. The service works globally and can be used to visualize traffic speeds and incidents in many countries. Check the service coverage web map to determine availability in your area of interest. In the coverage map, the countries color coded in dark green support visualizing live traffic. The support for traffic incidents can be determined by identifying a country. For detailed information on this service, including a data coverage map, visit the directions and routing documentation and ArcGIS Help.

OverviewThe Integrated Urban Traffic-Flood (IUTF) Dataset is a comprehensive collection of urban traffic and environmental data from 16 diverse cities across Europe, North America, and Asia. These cities include Augsburg, Cagliari, Darmstadt, Essen, Hamburg, Innsbruck, London, Lucerne, Madrid, Manchester, Marseille, Paris, Strasbourg, Taipei, Turin, and Toronto. This dataset uniquely combines traffic flow information, road network data, and rainfall data to provide a robust foundation for studying urban traffic dynamics under various weather conditions, particularly during flood events.Data DescriptionFor each city, the dataset includes the following files:{city}_data_hours.npz: Traffic flow data based on the road network, containing attributes for flow, occupancy, and speed.{city}_distance_hours.csv: Spatial relationship data of the traffic network, with attributes for 'from' node, 'to' node, and distance.{city}_sensor.csv: Sensor data specific to each city.detectors_public.csv: Spatial location data for all traffic sensors.links.csv: Data linking sensors to their respective road network segments.rainfall_data.csv: Rainfall data corresponding to the time periods of sensor measurements.roads.gpkg: Road network data for the area covered by the sensors. Some cities may have multiple .gpkg files if the road network spans multiple regions. These files should be merged for comprehensive analysis. The data is sourced from OpenStreetMap.selected_network_4326.geojson: Road centreline data for the area covered by the sensors.The IUTF Dataset addresses common challenges in urban traffic-flood studies by integrating diverse data types. It offers a unique resource for researchers and practitioners in urban planning, traffic management, and climate resilience. The dataset's innovative features include the transformation of point-based traffic data to road segment attributes and the use of a line-graph topology, providing new possibilities for analysing and modelling complex urban systems. This dataset not only supports the development of advanced traffic prediction models but also facilitates research in urban resilience and traffic management during extreme weather events. It provides a more accurate representation of traffic dynamics and their interaction with environmental factors, which is crucial for developing effective strategies for urban flood resilience.Data SourceThe city traffic flow data in IUTF is from UTD19. UTD19[1] is another significant dataset used in this research, which includes urban traffic data from 40 cities worldwide. The dataset, as described in the UTD19 manual, contains detailed traffic measurements collected from various stationary sensors such as inductive loop detectors, supersonic detectors, cameras, and Bluetooth detectors. These sensors provide data on fundamental traffic variables including flow, speed, and occupancy. However, the dataset does not inherently include the spatial relationships between sensors. To overcome this, we used OSMNX[2] to retrieve OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to map the sensor locations onto the road network. By associating each sensor with its corresponding road segment, we were able to construct a graph network that accurately reflects the spatial relationships between sensors, thus enabling more detailed and context-aware traffic analysis. In addition, weather Data for London is also incorporated into the study to account for environmental factors that might affect traffic flow. This data is sourced from the London Met Office[3] and NW3 weather[4], providing detailed meteorological information such as temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. These variables are crucial for understanding and predicting traffic patterns under varying weather conditions.ReferenceLoder, A., Ambühl, L., Menendez, M. & Axhausen, K. W. Understanding traffic capacity of urban networks. Sci. Rep. 9, 16283 (2019).Boeing, G. Modeling and Analyzing Urban Networks and Amenities with OSMnx.Weather and climate change. Met Office https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/ (2024).Rodgers, B. NW3 Weather - Live and historical weather from Hampstead, London. http://nw3weather.co.uk/.

The network traffic analytics market size was valued at USD 3.44 billion in 2024 and is likely to cross USD 13.2 billion by 2037, registering more than 10.9% CAGR during the forecast period i.e., between 2025-2037. North America industry is expected to account for largest revenue share of 35% by 2037, due to presence of two significant economies, including the USA and Canada.

The source has provided a calculation of SEO trends in terms best performing home market e-merchants according to their traffic share estimation. This serves the forecast for Black Friday sales in France in 2020. Overall, the big winner would be Conforama, currently first in the ranking with an estimated traffic of around ten percent share as of October 8, ahead of But and Ikea. In terms of most popular brands in the home design sector, important players were Ikea and Cookeo, ranking at first and second position, respectively.

CESNET-TimeSeries24: The dataset for network traffic forecasting and anomaly detection

The dataset called CESNET-TimeSeries24 was collected by long-term monitoring of selected statistical metrics for 40 weeks for each IP address on the ISP network CESNET3 (Czech Education and Science Network). The dataset encompasses network traffic from more than 275,000 active IP addresses, assigned to a wide variety of devices, including office computers, NATs, servers, WiFi routers, honeypots, and video-game consoles found in dormitories. Moreover, the dataset is also rich in network anomaly types since it contains all types of anomalies, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of anomaly detection methods.

Last but not least, the CESNET-TimeSeries24 dataset provides traffic time series on institutional and IP subnet levels to cover all possible anomaly detection or forecasting scopes. Overall, the time series dataset was created from the 66 billion IP flows that contain 4 trillion packets that carry approximately 3.7 petabytes of data. The CESNET-TimeSeries24 dataset is a complex real-world dataset that will finally bring insights into the evaluation of forecasting models in real-world environments.

Please cite the usage of our dataset as:

Koumar, J., Hynek, K., Čejka, T. et al. CESNET-TimeSeries24: Time Series Dataset for Network Traffic Anomaly Detection and Forecasting. Sci Data 12, 338 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04603-x

@Article{cesnettimeseries24,
author={Koumar, Josef and Hynek, Karel and {\v{C}}ejka, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}} and {\v{S}}i{\v{s}}ka, Pavel},
title={CESNET-TimeSeries24: Time Series Dataset for Network Traffic Anomaly Detection and Forecasting},
journal={Scientific Data},
year={2025},
month={Feb},
day={26},
volume={12},
number={1},
pages={338},
issn={2052-4463},
doi={10.1038/s41597-025-04603-x},
url={https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04603-x}
}

Time series

We create evenly spaced time series for each IP address by aggregating IP flow records into time series datapoints. The created datapoints represent the behavior of IP addresses within a defined time window of 10 minutes. The vector of time-series metrics v_{ip, i} describes the IP address ip in the i-th time window. Thus, IP flows for vector v_{ip, i} are captured in time windows starting at t_i and ending at t_{i+1}. The time series are built from these datapoints.

Datapoints created by the aggregation of IP flows contain the following time-series metrics:

• Simple volumetric metrics: the number of IP flows, the number of packets, and the transmitted data size (i.e. number of bytes)
• Unique volumetric metrics: the number of unique destination IP addresses, the number of unique destination Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs), and the number of unique destination transport layer ports. The aggregation of \textit{Unique volumetric metrics} is memory intensive since all unique values must be stored in an array. We used a server with 41 GB of RAM, which was enough for 10-minute aggregation on the ISP network.
• Ratios metrics: the ratio of UDP/TCP packets, the ratio of UDP/TCP transmitted data size, the direction ratio of packets, and the direction ratio of transmitted data size
• Average metrics: the average flow duration, and the average Time To Live (TTL)

Multiple time aggregation: The original datapoints in the dataset are aggregated by 10 minutes of network traffic. The size of the aggregation interval influences anomaly detection procedures, mainly the training speed of the detection model. However, the 10-minute intervals can be too short for longitudinal anomaly detection methods. Therefore, we added two more aggregation intervals to the datasets--1 hour and 1 day.

Time series of institutions: We identify 283 institutions inside the CESNET3 network. These time series aggregated per each institution ID provide a view of the institution's data.

Time series of institutional subnets: We identify 548 institution subnets inside the CESNET3 network. These time series aggregated per each institution ID provide a view of the institution subnet's data.

Data Records

The file hierarchy is described below:

cesnet-timeseries24/

|- institution_subnets/

| |- agg_10_minutes/

| |- agg_1_hour/

| |- agg_1_day/

| |- identifiers.csv

|- institutions/

| |- agg_10_minutes/

| |- agg_1_hour/

| |- agg_1_day/

| |- identifiers.csv

|- ip_addresses_full/

| |- agg_10_minutes/

| |- agg_1_hour/

| |- agg_1_day/

| |- identifiers.csv

|- ip_addresses_sample/

| |- agg_10_minutes/

| |- agg_1_hour/

| |- agg_1_day/

| |- identifiers.csv

|- times/

| |- times_10_minutes.csv

| |- times_1_hour.csv

| |- times_1_day.csv

|- ids_relationship.csv
|- weekends_and_holidays.csv

The following list describes time series data fields in CSV files:

• id_time: Unique identifier for each aggregation interval within the time series, used to segment the dataset into specific time periods for analysis.
• n_flows: Total number of flows observed in the aggregation interval, indicating the volume of distinct sessions or connections for the IP address.
• n_packets: Total number of packets transmitted during the aggregation interval, reflecting the packet-level traffic volume for the IP address.
• n_bytes: Total number of bytes transmitted during the aggregation interval, representing the data volume for the IP address.
• n_dest_ip: Number of unique destination IP addresses contacted by the IP address during the aggregation interval, showing the diversity of endpoints reached.
• n_dest_asn: Number of unique destination Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) contacted by the IP address during the aggregation interval, indicating the diversity of networks reached.
• n_dest_port: Number of unique destination transport layer ports contacted by the IP address during the aggregation interval, representing the variety of services accessed.
• tcp_udp_ratio_packets: Ratio of packets sent using TCP versus UDP by the IP address during the aggregation interval, providing insight into the transport protocol usage pattern. This metric belongs to the interval <0, 1> where 1 is when all packets are sent over TCP, and 0 is when all packets are sent over UDP.
• tcp_udp_ratio_bytes: Ratio of bytes sent using TCP versus UDP by the IP address during the aggregation interval, highlighting the data volume distribution between protocols. This metric belongs to the interval <0, 1> with same rule as tcp_udp_ratio_packets.
• dir_ratio_packets: Ratio of packet directions (inbound versus outbound) for the IP address during the aggregation interval, indicating the balance of traffic flow directions. This metric belongs to the interval <0, 1>, where 1 is when all packets are sent in the outgoing direction from the monitored IP address, and 0 is when all packets are sent in the incoming direction to the monitored IP address.
• dir_ratio_bytes: Ratio of byte directions (inbound versus outbound) for the IP address during the aggregation interval, showing the data volume distribution in traffic flows. This metric belongs to the interval <0, 1> with the same rule as dir_ratio_packets.
• avg_duration: Average duration of IP flows for the IP address during the aggregation interval, measuring the typical session length.
• avg_ttl: Average Time To Live (TTL) of IP flows for the IP address during the aggregation interval, providing insight into the lifespan of packets.

Moreover, the time series created by re-aggregation contains following time series metrics instead of n_dest_ip, n_dest_asn, and n_dest_port:

• sum_n_dest_ip: Sum of numbers of unique destination IP addresses.
• avg_n_dest_ip: The average number of unique destination IP addresses.
• std_n_dest_ip: Standard deviation of numbers of unique destination IP addresses.
• sum_n_dest_asn: Sum of numbers of unique destination ASNs.
• avg_n_dest_asn: The average number of unique destination ASNs.
• std_n_dest_asn: Standard deviation of numbers of unique destination ASNs)
• sum_n_dest_port: Sum of numbers of unique destination transport layer ports.
• avg_n_dest_port: The average number of unique destination transport layer ports.
• std_n_dest_port: Standard deviation of numbers of unique destination transport layer

The market size of the Network Traffic Analyzer Solution Market is categorized based on Application (Service Providers, Media and Entertainment, Government and Utilities, Others) and Product (Physical, Virtual, Cloud) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

This report provides insights into the market size and forecasts the value of the market, expressed in USD million, across these defined segments.

The Website Traffic Generator market is projected to reach USD 2,844.3 million by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 12.1% from 2023 to 2033. Rising demand for online traffic, increasing digital marketing investments, and the advent of new technologies are major factors driving market growth. The increasing adoption of social media platforms and the growing popularity of mobile internet usage further contribute to the demand for website traffic generators. The market is segmented by type into Referral Traffic Generators, Social Media Traffic Generators, Direct Traffic Generators, and Others. Referral Traffic Generators currently dominate the market, accounting for a significant share of the total revenue. However, Social Media Traffic Generators are expected to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period due to the growing popularity of social media platforms as a source of website traffic. The market is also segmented by application into Individual and Enterprise, with the Enterprise segment holding a larger market share. Key players in the market include Babylon Traffic, SparkTraffic, Getthit, TrafficApe, Somiibo, Serp Empire, EasyHits4U, Growtraffic, 10KHits, Traffup, Torpedo Traffic, YOOtraffic, SigmaTraffic, TheTraffic, WebTrafficly, Traffic Creator, and Apex Traffic.

The size and share of the market is categorized based on Type (Cloud Based, On Premises) and Application (Large Enterprises, SMEs) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).

The global network traffic analyzers market size reached USD 3.4 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 7.3 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 8.38% during 2025-2033.

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global network traffic analyzers market report, along with forecasts at the global, regional and country level from 2025-2033. Our report has categorized the market based on component, deployment type, and end user.

The map layers in this service provide color-coded maps of the traffic conditions you can expect for the present time (the default). The map shows present traffic as a blend of live and typical information. Live speeds are used wherever available and are established from real-time sensor readings. Typical speeds come from a record of average speeds, which are collected over several weeks within the last year or so. Layers also show current incident locations where available. By changing the map time, the service can also provide past and future conditions. Live readings from sensors are saved for 12 hours, so setting the map time back within 12 hours allows you to see a actual recorded traffic speeds, supplemented with typical averages by default. You can choose to turn off the average speeds and see only the recorded live traffic speeds for any time within the 12-hour window. Predictive traffic conditions are shown for any time in the future.The color-coded traffic map layer can be used to represent relative traffic speeds; this is a common type of a map for online services and is used to provide context for routing, navigation, and field operations. A color-coded traffic map can be requested for the current time and any time in the future. A map for a future request might be used for planning purposes.The map also includes dynamic traffic incidents showing the location of accidents, construction, closures, and other issues that could potentially impact the flow of traffic. Traffic incidents are commonly used to provide context for routing, navigation and field operations. Incidents are not features; they cannot be exported and stored for later use or additional analysis.Data sourceEsri’s typical speed records and live and predictive traffic feeds come directly from HERE (www.HERE.com). HERE collects billions of GPS and cell phone probe records per month and, where available, uses sensor and toll-tag data to augment the probe data collected. An advanced algorithm compiles the data and computes accurate speeds. The real-time and predictive traffic data is updated every five minutes through traffic feeds.Data coverageThe service works globally and can be used to visualize traffic speeds and incidents in many countries. Check the service coverage web map to determine availability in your area of interest. Look at the coverage map to learn whether a country currently supports traffic. The support for traffic incidents can be determined by identifying a country. For detailed information on this service, visit the directions and routing documentation and the ArcGIS Help.SymbologyTraffic speeds are displayed as a percentage of free-flow speeds, which is frequently the speed limit or how fast cars tend to travel when unencumbered by other vehicles. The streets are color coded as follows:Green (fast): 85 - 100% of free flow speedsYellow (moderate): 65 - 85%Orange (slow); 45 - 65%Red (stop and go): 0 - 45%To view live traffic only—that is, excluding typical traffic conditions—enable the Live Traffic layer and disable the Traffic layer. (You can find these layers under World/Traffic > [region] > [region] Traffic). To view more comprehensive traffic information that includes live and typical conditions, disable the Live Traffic layer and enable the Traffic layer.ArcGIS Online organization subscriptionImportant Note:The World Traffic map service is available for users with an ArcGIS Online organizational subscription. To access this map service, you'll need to sign in with an account that is a member of an organizational subscription. If you don't have an organizational subscription, you can create a new account and then sign up for a 30-day trial of ArcGIS Online.

Dataset

This dataset was created by JP Zhang

Released under Data files © Original Authors

Contents

The size and share of the market is categorized based on Application (Network Performance, Security Monitoring, Traffic Management, Bandwidth Optimization, Network Troubleshooting) and Product (Network Traffic Analyzers, Flow Analysis Tools, Bandwidth Monitoring Software, Traffic Management Solutions, Protocol Analyzers) and geographical regions (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, and Middle-East and Africa).