Mobile accounts for approximately half of web traffic worldwide. In the last quarter of 2024, mobile devices (excluding tablets) generated 62.54 percent of global website traffic. Mobiles and smartphones consistently hoovered around the 50 percent mark since the beginning of 2017, before surpassing it in 2020. Mobile traffic Due to low infrastructure and financial restraints, many emerging digital markets skipped the desktop internet phase entirely and moved straight onto mobile internet via smartphone and tablet devices. India is a prime example of a market with a significant mobile-first online population. Other countries with a significant share of mobile internet traffic include Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. In most African markets, mobile accounts for more than half of the web traffic. By contrast, mobile only makes up around 45.49 percent of online traffic in the United States. Mobile usage The most popular mobile internet activities worldwide include watching movies or videos online, e-mail usage and accessing social media. Apps are a very popular way to watch video on the go and the most-downloaded entertainment apps in the Apple App Store are Netflix, Tencent Video and Amazon Prime Video.

In November 2024, Google.com was the most popular website worldwide with 136 billion average monthly visits. The online platform has held the top spot as the most popular website since June 2010, when it pulled ahead of Yahoo into first place. Second-ranked YouTube generated more than 72.8 billion monthly visits in the measured period. The internet leaders: search, social, and e-commerce Social networks, search engines, and e-commerce websites shape the online experience as we know it. While Google leads the global online search market by far, YouTube and Facebook have become the world’s most popular websites for user generated content, solidifying Alphabet’s and Meta’s leadership over the online landscape. Meanwhile, websites such as Amazon and eBay generate millions in profits from the sale and distribution of goods, making the e-market sector an integral part of the global retail scene. What is next for online content? Powering social media and websites like Reddit and Wikipedia, user-generated content keeps moving the internet’s engines. However, the rise of generative artificial intelligence will bring significant changes to how online content is produced and handled. ChatGPT is already transforming how online search is performed, and news of Google's 2024 deal for licensing Reddit content to train large language models (LLMs) signal that the internet is likely to go through a new revolution. While AI's impact on the online market might bring both opportunities and challenges, effective content management will remain crucial for profitability on the web.

Code:

Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py

To run this code:

pkt_features.py [-h] -i TXTFILE [-x X] [-y Y] [-z Z] [-ml] [-s S] -j

-h, --help show this help message and exit -i TXTFILE input text file -x X Add first X number of total packets as features. -y Y Add first Y number of negative packets as features. -z Z Add first Z number of positive packets as features. -ml Output to text file all websites in the format of websiteNumber1,feature1,feature2,... -s S Generate samples using size s. -j

Purpose:

Turns a text file containing lists of incomeing and outgoing network packet sizes into separate website objects with associative features.

Uses Features.py to calcualte the features.

startMachineLearning.sh & machineLearning.py

To run this code:

bash startMachineLearning.sh

This code then runs machineLearning.py in a tmux session with the nessisary file paths and flags

Options (to be edited within this file):

--evaluate-only to test 5 fold cross validation accuracy

--test-scaling-normalization to test 6 different combinations of scalers and normalizers

Note: once the best combination is determined, it should be added to the data_preprocessing function in machineLearning.py for future use

--grid-search to test the best grid search hyperparameters - note: the possible hyperparameters must be added to train_model under 'if not evaluateOnly:' - once best hyperparameters are determined, add them to train_model under 'if evaluateOnly:'

Purpose:

Using the .ml file generated by Packet_Features_Generator.py & Features.py, this program trains a RandomForest Classifier on the provided data and provides results using cross validation. These results include the best scaling and normailzation options for each data set as well as the best grid search hyperparameters based on the provided ranges.

Data

Encrypted network traffic was collected on an isolated computer visiting different Wikipedia and New York Times articles, different Google search queres (collected in the form of their autocomplete results and their results page), and different actions taken on a Virtual Reality head set.

Data for this experiment was stored and analyzed in the form of a txt file for each experiment which contains:

First number is a classification number to denote what website, query, or vr action is taking place.

The remaining numbers in each line denote:

The size of a packet,

and the direction it is traveling.

negative numbers denote incoming packets

positive numbers denote outgoing packets

Figure 4 Data

This data uses specific lines from the Virtual Reality.txt file.

The action 'LongText Search' refers to a user searching for "Saint Basils Cathedral" with text in the Wander app.

The action 'ShortText Search' refers to a user searching for "Mexico" with text in the Wander app.

The .xlsx and .csv file are identical

Each file includes (from right to left):

The origional packet data,

each line of data organized from smallest to largest packet size in order to calculate the mean and standard deviation of each packet capture,

and the final Cumulative Distrubution Function (CDF) caluclation that generated the Figure 4 Graph.

This dataset consists of 24-hour traffic volumes which are collected by the City of Tempe high (arterial) and low (collector) volume streets. Data located in the tabular section shares with its users total volume of vehicles passing through the intersection selected along with the direction of flow.Historical data from this feature layer extends from 2016 to present day.Contact: Sue TaaffeContact E-Mail: sue_taaffe@tempe.govContact Phone: 480-350-8663Link to embedded web map:http://www.tempe.gov/city-hall/public-works/transportation/traffic-countsLink to site containing historical traffic counts by node: https://gis.tempe.gov/trafficcounts/Folders/Data Source: SQL Server/ArcGIS ServerData Source Type: GeospatialPreparation Method: N/APublish Frequency: As information changesPublish Method: AutomaticData Dictionary

The Japanese review site my-best.com had the highest bounce rate among the most visited retail websites in Japan in July 2024. Operated by mybest, Inc. and part of LY Corporation, the website had a bounce of nearly ** percent, while ranking as the ****** most visited retail website in the same month.

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Context

The data presented here was obtained in a Kali Machine from University of Cincinnati,Cincinnati,OHIO by carrying out packet captures for 1 hour during the evening on Oct 9th,2023 using Wireshark.This dataset consists of 394137 instances were obtained and stored in a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file.This large dataset could be used utilised for different machine learning applications for instance classification of Network traffic,Network performance monitoring,Network Security Management , Network Traffic Management ,network intrusion detection and anomaly detection.

The dataset can be used for a variety of machine learning tasks, such as network intrusion detection, traffic classification, and anomaly detection.

Content :

This network traffic dataset consists of 7 features.Each instance contains the information of source and destination IP addresses, The majority of the properties are numeric in nature, however there are also nominal and date kinds due to the Timestamp.

The network traffic flow statistics (No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info) were obtained using Wireshark (https://www.wireshark.org/).

Dataset Columns:

No : Number of Instance. Timestamp : Timestamp of instance of network traffic Source IP: IP address of Source Destination IP: IP address of Destination Portocol: Protocol used by the instance Length: Length of Instance Info: Information of Traffic Instance

Acknowledgements :

I would like thank University of Cincinnati for giving the infrastructure for generation of network traffic data set.

Ravikumar Gattu , Susmitha Choppadandi

Inspiration : This dataset goes beyond the majority of network traffic classification datasets, which only identify the type of application (WWW, DNS, ICMP,ARP,RARP) that an IP flow contains. Instead, it generates machine learning models that can identify specific applications (like Tiktok,Wikipedia,Instagram,Youtube,Websites,Blogs etc.) from IP flow statistics (there are currently 25 applications in total).

**Dataset License: ** CC0: Public Domain

Dataset Usages : This dataset can be used for different machine learning applications in the field of cybersecurity such as classification of Network traffic,Network performance monitoring,Network Security Management , Network Traffic Management ,network intrusion detection and anomaly detection.

ML techniques benefits from this Dataset :

This dataset is highly useful because it consists of 394137 instances of network traffic data obtained by using the 25 applications on a public,private and Enterprise networks.Also,the dataset consists of very important features that can be used for most of the applications of Machine learning in cybersecurity.Here are few of the potential machine learning applications that could be benefited from this dataset are :

1. Network Performance Monitoring : This large network traffic data set can be utilised for analysing the network traffic to identifying the network patterns in the network .This help in designing the network security algorithms for minimise the network probelms.

2. Anamoly Detection : Large network traffic dataset can be utilised training the machine learning models for finding the irregularitues in the traffic which could help identify the cyber attacks.

3.Network Intrusion Detection : This large dataset could be utilised for machine algorithms training and designing the models for detection of the traffic issues,Malicious traffic network attacks and DOS attacks as well.

General data recollected for the studio " Analysis of the Quantitative Impact of Social Networks on Web Traffic of Cybermedia in the 27 Countries of the European Union". Four research questions are posed: what percentage of the total web traffic generated by cybermedia in the European Union comes from social networks? Is said percentage higher or lower than that provided through direct traffic and through the use of search engines via SEO positioning? Which social networks have a greater impact? And is there any degree of relationship between the specific weight of social networks in the web traffic of a cybermedia and circumstances such as the average duration of the user's visit, the number of page views or the bounce rate understood in its formal aspect of not performing any kind of interaction on the visited page beyond reading its content? To answer these questions, we have first proceeded to a selection of the cybermedia with the highest web traffic of the 27 countries that are currently part of the European Union after the United Kingdom left on December 31, 2020. In each nation we have selected five media using a combination of the global web traffic metrics provided by the tools Alexa (https://www.alexa.com/), which ceased to be operational on May 1, 2022, and SimilarWeb (https:// www.similarweb.com/). We have not used local metrics by country since the results obtained with these first two tools were sufficiently significant and our objective is not to establish a ranking of cybermedia by nation but to examine the relevance of social networks in their web traffic. In all cases, cybermedia whose property corresponds to a journalistic company have been selected, ruling out those belonging to telecommunications portals or service providers; in some cases they correspond to classic information companies (both newspapers and televisions) while in others they refer to digital natives, without this circumstance affecting the nature of the research proposed.
Below we have proceeded to examine the web traffic data of said cybermedia. The period corresponding to the months of October, November and December 2021 and January, February and March 2022 has been selected. We believe that this six-month stretch allows possible one-time variations to be overcome for a month, reinforcing the precision of the data obtained. To secure this data, we have used the SimilarWeb tool, currently the most precise tool that exists when examining the web traffic of a portal, although it is limited to that coming from desktops and laptops, without taking into account those that come from mobile devices, currently impossible to determine with existing measurement tools on the market. It includes:

Web traffic general data: average visit duration, pages per visit and bounce rate Web traffic origin by country Percentage of traffic generated from social media over total web traffic Distribution of web traffic generated from social networks Comparison of web traffic generated from social netwoks with direct and search procedures

This is a dataset of Tor cell file extracted from browsing simulation using Tor Browser. The simulations cover both desktop and mobile webpages. The data collection process was using WFP-Collector tool (https://github.com/irsyadpage/WFP-Collector). All the neccessary configuration to perform the simulation as detailed in the tool repository.The webpage URL is selected by using the first 100 website based on: https://dataforseo.com/free-seo-stats/top-1000-websites.Each webpage URL is visited 90 times for each deskop and mobile browsing mode.

According to a study focusing on travel and hospitality websites worldwide, mobile users accounted for most online visitors to such web pages in 2024. That year, mobiles generated **** percent of all the online traffic in the travel and hospitality market. That said, in 2024, the average conversion rate of travel and hospitality websites was higher among desktop users.

A collection of historic traffic count data and guidelines for how to collect new data for Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) projects.

3 resources are provided: SCATS Traffic Volumes Data (Monthly) Contained in this report are traffic counts taken from the SCATS traffic detectors located at junctions. The primary function for these traffic detectors is for traffic signal control. Such devices can also count general traffic volumes at defined locations on approach to a junction. These devices are set at specific locations on approaches to the junction but may not be on all approaches to a junction. As there are multiple junctions on any one route, it could be expected that a vehicle would be counted multiple times as it progress along the route. Thus the traffic volume counts here are best used to represent trends in vehicle movement by selecting a specific junction on the route which best represents the overall traffic flows. Information provided: End Time: time that one hour count period finishes. Region: location of the detector site (e.g. North City, West City, etc). Site: this can be matched with the SCATS Sites file to show location Detector: the detectors/ sensors at each site are numbered Sum volume: total traffic volumes in preceding hour Avg volume: average traffic volumes per 5 minute interval in preceding hour All Dates Traffic Volumes Data This file contains daily totals of traffic flow at each site location. SCATS Site Location Data Contained in this report, the location data for the SCATS sites is provided. The meta data provided includes the following; Site id – This is a unique identifier for each junction on SCATS Site description( CAP) – Descriptive location of the junction containing street name(s) intersecting streets Site description (lower) - – Descriptive location of the junction containing street name(s) intersecting streets Region – The area of the city, adjoining local authority, region that the site is located LAT/LONG – Coordinates Disclaimer: the location files are regularly updated to represent the locations of SCATS sites under the control of Dublin City Council. However site accuracy is not absolute. Information for LAT/LONG and region may not be available for all sites contained. It is at the discretion of the user to link the files for analysis and to create further data. Furthermore, detector communication issues or faulty detectors could also result in an inaccurate result for a given period, so values should not be taken as absolute but can be used to indicate trends.

Traffic volumes data across Dublin City from the SCATS traffic management system. The Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS) is an intelligent transportation system used to manage timing of signal phases at traffic signals. SCATS uses sensors at each traffic signal to detect vehicle presence in each lane and pedestrians waiting to cross at the local site. The vehicle sensors are generally inductive loops installed within the road. 3 resources are provided: SCATS Traffic Volumes Data (Monthly) Contained in this report are traffic counts taken from the SCATS traffic detectors located at junctions. The primary function for these traffic detectors is for traffic signal control. Such devices can also count general traffic volumes at defined locations on approach to a junction. These devices are set at specific locations on approaches to the junction but may not be on all approaches to a junction. As there are multiple junctions on any one route, it could be expected that a vehicle would be counted multiple times as it progress along the route. Thus the traffic volume counts here are best used to represent trends in vehicle movement by selecting a specific junction on the route which best represents the overall traffic flows. Information provided: End Time: time that one hour count period finishes. Region: location of the detector site (e.g. North City, West City, etc). Site: this can be matched with the SCATS Sites file to show location Detector: the detectors/ sensors at each site are numbered Sum volume: total traffic volumes in preceding hour Avg volume: average traffic volumes per 5 minute interval in preceding hour All Dates Traffic Volumes Data This file contains daily totals of traffic flow at each site location. SCATS Site Location Data Contained in this report, the location data for the SCATS sites is provided. The meta data provided includes the following; Site id – This is a unique identifier for each junction on SCATS Site description( CAP) – Descriptive location of the junction containing street name(s) intersecting streets Site description (lower) - – Descriptive location of the junction containing street name(s) intersecting streets Region – The area of the city, adjoining local authority, region that the site is located LAT/LONG – Coordinates Disclaimer: the location files are regularly updated to represent the locations of SCATS sites under the control of Dublin City Council. However site accuracy is not absolute. Information for LAT/LONG and region may not be available for all sites contained. It is at the discretion of the user to link the files for analysis and to create further data. Furthermore, detector communication issues or faulty detectors could also result in an inaccurate result for a given period, so values should not be taken as absolute but can be used to indicate trends.

Across popular online marketplace websites, local marketplace trademe.co.nz registered the highest number of site visits at around ***** million visits in New Zealand in February 2025. Chinese marketplace aliexpress.com took second place, recording approximately **** million site visits in New Zealand that same month.

Traffic Volumes data across Dublin City from the scats traffic management system. The Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (scats) is an intelligent transportation system used to manage timing of signal Phases at traffic signals. Scats uses SENSORS at each traffic signal to detect vehicle presence in each lane and pedestrians waiting to cross at the local site. The vehicle SENSORS are Generally Inductive Loops installed within the road. For scats junctions locations see: https://data.smartdublin.ie/dataset/traffic-signals-and-scats-sites-locations-dcc These are large data files. There would be too many rows for downloading with certain programmes such as Excel. Please choose a software package which can manage such large data files. 3 resources are provided: Scats Traffic Volumes Data (Monthly) Contained in this report are traffic Counts taken from the scats traffic detectors located at junctions. The primary function for these traffic detectors is for traffic signal control. Such devices can also count general traffic Volumes at defined locations on approach to a junction. These devices are set at specific locations on approaches to the junction but may not be on all approaches to a junction. As there are multiple junctions on any one route, it could be expected that a vehicle would be counted multiple times as it progress along the route. Set the traffic volume Counts here are best used to Represent trends in vehicle movement by selecting a specific junction on the route which best represents the overall traffic flows. Information provided: End Time: time that one hour count period finishes. Region: location of the detector site (e.g. North City, West City, etc.). Site: this can be matched with the scats Sites file to show location Detector: the detectors/SENSORS at each site are numbered Sum volume: total traffic Volumes in preceding hour AVG volume: average traffic Volumes per 5 minute interval in preceding hour All Dates Traffic Volumes Data This file contains daily totals of traffic flow at each site location. Scats Site Location Data Contained in this report, the location data for the scats sites is provided. The meta data provided includes the following; Site id — This is a unique identifier for each junction on scats Site description(CAP) — Descriptive location of the junction containing street name(s) intersecting street streets Site description (lower) — – Descriptive location of the junction containing street name(s) intersecting street streets Region — The area of the city, adjoining local authority, region that the site is located Lat/LONG — Coordinates Disclaimer: the location files are regularly updated to Represent the locations of scats sites under the control of Dublin City Council. However site accuracy is not absolute. Information for LAT/LONG and region may not be available for all sites contained. It is at the discretion of the user to link the files for analysis and to create further data. Furthermore, detector communication issues or Faulty detectors could also result in an inaccurate result for a given period, so values should not be taken as absolute but can be used to indicate trends.

Between December 2022 and January 2024, ******** was the online learning platform reporting the highest traffic, with a peak of *** million visits to its websites in December 2023. ******** ranked second, with the platform reaching a peak of ** million visits in the examined period. The website ******* (which stands for technology, entertainment, design) saw a peak of over ** million visits in March 2023.

From April 2022 to January 2024, the ************************************************* saw an average of approximately ** million visits, ranking as the most popular education site worldwide. ********, which offers classes and certifications on various subjects, saw ** million visits from global users in the examined period. ********************************************** for students and teachers, ranked third with ***** million visits recorded on average between April 2022 and the beginning of 2024.

In 2024, most of the global website traffic was still generated by humans, but bot traffic is constantly growing. Fraudulent traffic through bad bot actors accounted for 37 percent of global web traffic in the most recently measured period, representing an increase of 12 percent from the previous year. Sophistication of Bad Bots on the rise The complexity of malicious bot activity has dramatically increased in recent years. Advanced bad bots have doubled in prevalence over the past 2 years, indicating a surge in the sophistication of cyber threats. Simultaneously, the share of simple bad bots drastically increased over the last years, suggesting a shift in the landscape of automated threats. Meanwhile, areas like food and groceries, sports, gambling, and entertainment faced the highest amount of advanced bad bots, with more than 70 percent of their bot traffic affected by evasive applications. Good and bad bots across industries The impact of bot traffic varies across different sectors. Bad bots accounted for over 50 percent of the telecom and ISPs, community and society, and computing and IT segments web traffic. However, not all bot traffic is considered bad. Some of these applications help index websites for search engines or monitor website performance, assisting users throughout their online search. Therefore, areas like entertainment, food and groceries, and even areas targeted by bad bots themselves experienced notable levels of good bot traffic, demonstrating the diverse applications of benign automated systems across different sectors.

In November 2021, mobile devices accounted for nearly ** percent of the web traffic to Google.com in Kenya. The website had the highest number of total visits in the country. Among the leading websites, most of them had a higher share of traffic from mobile. Youtube.com was an exception, with only ********* of its traffic originating from mobile devices.

In November 2024, Google.com was the leading website in Finland by unique visits, with around 17.3 million single accesses to the URL during that month. YouTube.com followed, with around 11.7 million unique monthly visits. Wikipedia.org came in third, with 8.13 million unique monthly visits.