Of the forty* men who have been elected to the office of U.S. president, the average weight of U.S. presidents has been approximately 189lbs (86kg). The weight range has been between 122lbs (55kg) and 332lbs (151kg), meaning that the heaviest president, William Howard Taft, was almost three times as heavy as the lightest president, James Madison (who was also the shortest president). Although Taft weighed over 300lbs during his presidency in 1909, he did implement a fitness and dietary regimen in the 1920s, that helped him lose almost 100lbs (45kg) before his death due to cardiovascular disease in 1930. Increase over time The tallest ever president, Abraham Lincoln (who was 6'4"), actually weighed less than the presidential average, and also less than the average adult male in the U.S. in 2018. It is important to note that the average weight of U.S. males has gradually increased in the past two decades, with some studies suggesting that it may have even increased by 15lbs (7kg) since the 1980s. The presidential averages have also increased over time, as the first ten elected presidents had an average weight of 171lbs (78kg), while the average weight of the ten most recent is 194lbs (88kg). Recent presidents In recent years, the heaviest president has been Donald Trump, who weighed 237lbs (108kg) during his first term in office; however medical reports published in June 2020 show that he gained 7lbs (3kg) during this term. There was also controversy in 2018, when it appeared that Trump's official height had been increased from 6'2" to 6'3", which many speculated was done to prevent him from being categorized as "obese" (according to his BMI). In the past half century, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton were the only other presidents to have weighed more than the presidential average, although both men were also 6'2" (188cm) tall. President Joe Biden weighs below the presidential average, at 177lbs (81kg).

The average height of the 45 men who have served as the President of the United States is approximately 180cm (5'11"); this is roughly five centimeters (two inches) taller than the average U.S. male in 2020. Abraham Lincoln has the distinction of being the tallest U.S. president in history, at 193cm (6'4"), while James Madison was the shortest (and lightest) U.S. president at 163cm (5'4"). US presidents are getting taller Of the ten most recent presidents, only Jimmy Carter has been shorter than the presidential average, while none of the presidents who have served since the beginning of the twentieth century have been shorter than the national average. Since Ronald Reagan became president in 1981, George W. Bush and Joe Biden are the only U.S. president to have been shorter than six feet tall; by just half an inch. Trump height controversy Former President Donald Trump made headlines in 2018, when his official height increased from 6'2" (the height from all previously-existing records, including his 2012 drivers license) to 6'3"*. Many in the media speculated that this was to prevent him from being classified as obese according to his body mass index. A number of photos also circulated on social media showing Trump next to (and visibly shorter than) a number of athletes who are officially 6'3", while photos of him standing next to Barack Obama were used to show that he may be closer to his predecessor's height, at 6'1". Nonetheless, Trump's medical report from June 3. 2020, shows that his official height remained at 6'3".

Pre-election survey focuses on 1964 Presidential race and candidate profiles of Lyndon Johnson and Barry Goldwater.Issues covered include civil rights, Communism, crime, medical care under Social Security, and government corruption.

Do politicians tend to adopt unpopular policies when the media and the public are distracted by other events? We examine this question by analyzing the timing of executive orders (EOs) signed by U.S. presidents over the past four decades. We find robust evidence that EOs are more likely to be signed on the eve of days when the news are dominated by other important stories that can crowd out coverage of EOs. This relationship only holds in periods of divided government when unilateral presidential actions are more likely to be criticized by Congress. The effect is driven by EOs that are more likely to make the news and to attract negative publicity, particularly those on topics on which president and Congress disagree. Finally, the timing of EOs appears to be related to predictable news but not to unpredictable ones, which suggests it results from a deliberate and forward-looking PR strategy.

As of April 3, 2024 exit polls from the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries showed incumbent candidate Joe Biden with more than enough delegates to secure the nomination. Presidential primaries within the sitting president’s party carry less weight compared to those in open-seat elections due to minimal opposition within their party. With widespread support from party members and leaders already secured, incumbent presidents hold considerable advantages in terms of fundraising, campaign infrastructure, and endorsements. While specific rules vary slightly across different states, Democratic primary delegates are awarded based on the share of votes a candidate receives either statewide or within congressional districts.

The data contains the educational degree, university , age , weight , married life , no of children , IQ, Wealth and the percentage of the US budget that they spent on defense. The major wars that have happened during their tenure as POTUS.

The Office of the President of the United States (POTUS) was established by the US Constitution in 1789, with George Washington being elected as the first US president. At the time of his presidency, the role of POTUS was largely ceremonial and focused on the administration of the federal government. However, over time, the position grew in power and influence as the US became a global superpower and the demands of the post changed. With the expansion of the executive branch of the government and the development of modern communication and transportation technologies, the role of POTUS became even more significant. The US president now plays a central role in shaping policy, implementing agendas, and representing the country on the world stage. Throughout history, the POTUS has also been involved in many historical events and crises, such as the Civil War, the Great Depression, World War II, the civil rights movement, and the War on Terror. Each president has brought their unique set of values, leadership style, and vision for the country, shaping the office and the nation in their own way.

The POTUS is the most powerful political figure in the United States, responsible for shaping domestic and foreign policy, appointing federal judges and other officials, and representing the country both at home and abroad. The US president is elected to a four-year term and can serve a maximum of two terms under the 22nd Amendment to the US Constitution. The role and responsibilities of the POTUS have evolved over time, reflecting the changing needs and expectations of the American people and the world at large.

Abstract (en): This special topic poll, conducted January 13-15, 1997, is part of a continuing series of monthly polls that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. This data collection was undertaken to assess public opinion prior to President Bill Clinton's second-term inauguration as president of the United States. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Clinton and his handling of the first term of his presidency, whether he would do a better or worse job in his second term in office, whether they approved of his choices for Cabinet and other top positions in his administration, and what the nature of his relationship with Congress should be in his second term. Views were sought on whether President Clinton had made progress toward reducing unemployment and improving education during his first term, and whether he would make substantial progress in these areas during his second term. Respondents rated the most important issue facing the country, whether they were better or worse off financially compared to four years ago, whether they approved of the way Congress was handling its job, whether they expected Congress to do a better job in the next two years, and whether they trusted the Clinton administration or the Republicans in Congress to handle the main problems the nation would face over the next few years. Other questions asked whether respondents approved of the way Hillary Clinton was handling her job as first lady and the amount of influence she held over her husband, and whether she should play a greater role in her husband's second administration. A series of questions asked about recent allegations involving President Clinton, including Whitewater, the Democratic National Campaign Committee's acceptance of foreign contributions, and former Arkansas state employee Paula Jones's sexual harassment charges, and whether they would interfere with his ability to serve as president. Additional topics addressed what actions the government should take to protect the long-term financial stability of Social Security and the Medicare health system and the overall level of ethics and honesty in politics and the federal government. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, education level, household income, political party affiliation, political philosophy, and voter participation history. The data contain a weight variable (WEIGHT) that should be used in analyzing the data. This poll consists of "standard" national representative samples of the adult population with sample balancing of sex, race, age, and education. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created online analysis version with question text.. Persons aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the contiguous 48 United States. Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was home at the time of the interview. 2008-01-14 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setup files, and SAS and Stata supplemental files have been added to this data collection. Respondent names were removed from the data file and the CASEID variable was created for use with online analysis. Question text has been added to the codebook, and the data collection instrument has been taken out of the codebook and made into its own file. telephone interview (1) The data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis. (2) Original reports using these data may be found via the ABC News Polling Unit Web site and via the Washington Post Opinion Surveys and Polls Web site. (3) The meaning of the variable SELECTB is unknown and may be associated with the sampling method of selecting a respondent based on the adult living in the household who last had a birthday. (4) According to the data collection instrument, code 3 in the variable Q909 also includes respondents who answered that they had attended a technical college. (5) Value labels for unknown codes were add in the variables RECODED_AGE and Q1. (6) The CASEID variable was c...

As of April 3, 2024, results from the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries showed incumbent candidate Joe Biden with more than enough delegates to receive the party's nomination. However, in protest against the President's support for Israel's war against Hamas more than 100,000 Michigan Democrats cast "uncommitted" votes, earning two state delegates. On Super Tuesday nearly 45,000 Minnesota Democrats voted "uncommitted" in protest, surpassing support for Minnesota Representative Dean Phillips and earning four "uncommitted" delegates. Presidential primaries within the sitting president’s party carry less weight compared to those in open-seat elections due to minimal opposition within their party. With widespread support from party members and leaders already secured, incumbent presidents hold considerable advantages in terms of fundraising, campaign infrastructure, and endorsements. While specific rules vary slightly across different states, Democratic primary delegates are awarded based on the share of votes a candidate receives, either statewide or within congressional districts.

Coding of press coverage of three presidents recording messianic references and reactions.

Abstract: This repository contains the full dataset and model implementation for the analysis of voting patterns in Romania's 2024 presidential elections, focusing on the relationship between territorial economic structures and electoral preferences. The models estimate vote dominance at LAU level using sectoral, demographic, and regional predictors, including spatial autoregression. Particular attention is given to the overrepresentation of Bucharest in national-level FDI statistics, which is corrected through a GDP-based imputation model. For reproducibility, the repository includes: Cleaned and structured input data (LAU, NUTS3), all modelling scripts in R, Tableau maps for visual analysis and public presentation.File DescriptionsLAU.csvThis dataset contains the local-level electoral and socio-economic data for all Romanian LAU2 units used in the spatial and statistical analyses. The file is used as the base for all models and includes identifiers for merging with the shapefile or spatial weights. It includes:- Electoral results by presidential candidate (2024, simulated),- Dominant vote type per locality,- Sectoral employment categories,- Demographic variables (ethnicity, education, age),- Regional and metropolitan classifications,- Weights for modelling.NUTS3.csvThis dataset provides county-level economic indicators (GDP and FDI) over the period 2011–2022. The file supports the construction of regional indicators such as FDI-to-GDP ratios and export structure. Notably, the file includes both original and corrected values of FDI for Bucharest, following the imputation procedure described in the model script.model.RThis R script contains the full modelling pipeline. The script includes both a model variant with Bucharest excluded and an alternative version using corrected FDI values, confirming the robustness of coefficients across specifications. It includes:- Pre-processing of LAU and NUTS3 data,- Imputation of Bucharest FDI using a linear model on GDP,- Survey-weighted logistic regression models for vote dominance per candidate,- Multinomial and hierarchical logistic models,- Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR),- Spatial error models (SEM),- Principal Component Analysis on SEM residuals,- Latent dominance prediction using softmax transformation,- Export of predicted latent vote maps.Maps.twbxThis Tableau workbook contains all final cartographic representations.The workbook uses a consistent colour palette based on candidate-typified economic structures (industry, services, agriculture, shrinking).- Choropleth maps of dominant vote by candidate,- Gradients reflecting latent probabilities from spatial models,- Maps of residuals and ideological factor scores (PCA-derived),- Sectoral economic geographies per county and per locality,- Overlay of dominant vote and sectoral transformation types.

Abstract (en): This poll, conducted July 21, 1996, is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that solicit public opinion on the presidency and on a range of other political and social issues. Respondents were asked to give their opinions of President Bill Clinton and his handling of the presidency. Those queried were also asked for their views on the crash of TWA Flight #800, the National Transportation Safety Board, commercial airline travel safety, and government regulation of airline travel. Comparative questions were asked about the safety of air travel versus other modes of transportation, and the safety of airports in the United States compared to airports in other countries. Other topics addressed how much control a president could have over terrorism as well as respondents' level of confidence that the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta would be safe from terrorism. Demographic variables include sex, age, race, political party affiliation, political party lean, education level, and family income, and age of children in household. The data contain a weight variable, WEIGHT, that should be used in analyzing the data. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Adult population of the United States aged 18 and over having a telephone at home. Households were selected by random-digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was home at the time of the interview. 2011-03-10 Respondent names were removed from the data file. Question text was added to the codebook.2010-03-30 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setups have been added to this data collection. telephone interviewThe data available for download are not weighted and users will need to weight the data prior to analysis.To preserve respondent confidentiality, codes in variables AREACODE, EXCHANGE, and LASTFOUR have been replaced with blank codes.This data collection was produced by CBS News, New York, NY.

Results of the 1st round of the presidential elections of April 23, 2017 by polling station , ward, borough, and constituency.

You will find:

• Number of proxies
• < span style="font-family: Montserrat;">Number of subscribers
• Number of signatures
• Number of voters
• Number of blanks
• Number of Dummies
• Number of Cast
• The results for each candidate

An identifier ID_BVOTE allows you to join with geographical datasets of polling station areas

These results correspond to the extracts on election night from the City of Paris Election Information System ("Acronyms results" until 2015 and "Paris Vote" from 2017).

We draw the attention of users to the fact that discrepancies may exist between the results of these files and those published by the Ministry of Interior. These results do not take into account any corrections made by the control bodies or the election judge.

Results of the 2nd round of the presidential elections of April 22, 2007 by polling station , ward, borough, and constituency.

You will find:

• Number of proxies
• < span style="font-family: Montserrat;">Number of subscribers
• Number of signatures
• Number of voters
• Number of Whites and Draws
• Number of cast
• The results for each candidate

An identifier ID_BVOTE allows you to join with geographical datasets of polling station areas

These results correspond to the extracts on election night from the City of Paris Election Information System ("Acronyms results" until 2015 and "Paris Vote" from 2017).

We draw the attention of users to the fact that discrepancies may exist between the results of these files and those published by the Ministry of Interior. These results do not take into account any corrections made by the control bodies or the election judge.

The dataset contains tweets related to the 2023 presidential elections in Nigeria. The data was retrieved from the social media network, Twitter (Now X) between February 4th, 2023 and April 4th, 2023. The hashtags from the official handles and other popular hashtags endorsed and/or representing the candidates of each party were considered for retrieving election related tweets using an API from Twitter social media platform. Three major political parties in Nigeria were considered and they have been labelled as Party A, Party L and Party P in this dataset. The party or group called "General" contains tweets from the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) hashtags such as @inecnigeria and #2023election which is not directly for any political party.

The dataset has been pre-processed lightly to make it very useful to researcher for a wide range of natural language processing tasks like sentiment analysis, topic modelling, fake news detection, emotion detection, election stance, etc.

Details of the dataset collection such as hashtags, retrieved tweets, duplicates removed, and the remaining unique tweets is presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Tweets collection and duplicates removal

S/N

Party

Hash tags

Retrieved tweets

Duplicates tweets

Unique tweets

1

 X

@inecnigeria

2023election

64,496

47,275

17,195

2

 A

TinubuIsComing

emilokan

jagabanarmy

RenewedHope

BATKSM2023

263,870

231,036

32,832

3

 L

VoteLP

NigeriaMustBeBright

PeterObiForPresident2023

ObiDatti2023

PeterObi

664,083

310,857

353,226

4

P

NigeriaDecides

VotePDP

AtikuOkowa2023

FinalPushToVictory

RecoverNigeria

387,450

318,425

66,227

1,379,899

907,593

468,480

To encourage NLP tasks, we uploaded in this Version One the following files:

The combined dataset with pre-processed tweets and their meta data but with removed duplicates are in the file labelled “Combined Dataset Pre-processed without duplicates.csv”

General statistics on each corpus is in the file labelled “Dataset Statistics.xlsx”

The preprocessed corpus from the general group with the tweet contents only is in file labelled “Preprocessed_Tweet only_GENERAL.xlsx”

The preprocessed corpus from Party A with the tweet contents only is in file labelled “Preprocessed_Tweet only_Party A.xlsx”

The preprocessed corpus from Party L with the tweet contents only is in file labelled “Preprocessed_Tweet only_Party L.xlsx”

The preprocessed corpus from Party P with the tweet contents only is in file labelled “Preprocessed_Tweet only_Party P.xlsx”

The top 100 frequent tokens are in the file labelled “Top 100 Tokens and weights.xlsx”

The top frequent bigrams and their weights are in the file labelled “Top 100 Bigrams and weights.xlsx”

The top frequent trigrams and their weights are in the file labelled “Top 100 Trigrams and weights.xlsx”

Data downloaded directly from the account of President Petro "@petrogustavo", and the historical data of the value of the Colombian peso against the dollar from 05 April until October 26, 2022. These data were combined in excel using the dates of the tweets and weight values recorded during the mentioned period as a reference. 16 new columns were added to the resulting file: a column named "Validation", 14 with the keywords, and the last one with the value of the intraday variation of the Colombian peso.

Abstract (en): In this survey respondents were asked their opinions of the presidential candidates prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 8. Caucus participants were asked their opinions of the candidates, whom they wanted their party to nominate, whether they agreed with the candidates on the issues, if candidates had leadership qualities or enough experience to be president, if candidates cared about their needs, and what their contact with candidates' campaigns had been. Respondents also were asked which party had a better group of candidates, whether the Democratic party should retain its liberal principles or modify them, and whether the Republican party should retain its conservative principles. Other topics included previous caucus participation and voting, short range nuclear missiles, Gary Hart, campaign debts, the state and national economies, federal military spending, and aid to the Nicaraguan contras. Background information includes party identification, religious preference and importance, education, age, race, farm employment, and income. Adults aged 18 and over in Iowa. Stratified random digit dialing. This file contains a weight variable that must be used in any analysis. The data contain blanks and alphabetics, and telephone exchanges have been recoded to '999' for reasons of confidentiality.

Abstract (en): This survey consists of telephone interviews conducted before and after the 1988 presidential election. Both the pre- and post-election polls asked registered respondents for their opinions of the Democratic and Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates, negative campaigning, and television commercials. The pre-election poll asked respondents how likely they were to vote in the 1988 presidential election and for whom. Additional topics covered included the national economy, respondents' previous voting behavior, if they cared who won, and who they thought would win the election. In the post-election poll, respondents were asked how they voted in the presidential election and why, and if they voted Democratic or Republican in the election for the United States House of Representatives in their district. The survey also asked questions about reasons for not voting, and opinions of unregistered respondents about the voting process were solicited as well. Other questions sought respondents' opinions on Jesse Jackson, president-elect George Bush and expectations for his administration, the presidential campaign process, and the role of the media. Background information on individuals includes party affiliation, age, marital status, income, religious preference, employment status, education, race, and union membership. Adults aged 18 and over in the United States. Stratified random digit dialing. The data contain blanks and dashes. This file contains a weight variable that must be used in any analysis. Telephone exchanges have been recoded to '999' for reasons of confidentiality. The total number of respondents contacted in the pre-election poll between November 2-4 was 1,977, and 1,627 of these were recontacted for the post-election poll between November 10-15.

Abstract (en): This data collection is part of a continuing series of monthly surveys that evaluates the Reagan presidency and solicits opinions on a variety of political and social issues. Topics covered include important problems facing the country, the economy, foreign affairs, United States relations with the Soviet Union, nuclear weapons policy, and a federal law requiring businesses to give workers 60-day advance notice of factory closings. In addition, respondents were queried as to which party had the best chance of winning the presidency in November, how closely the respondent was following the race, which candidate the respondent would vote for among several possible tickets if the election were held that day, what the respondent liked and disliked most about the candidates, and if the respondent had a favorable or unfavorable impression of various public figures. Respondents also were asked a detailed series of questions comparing the two candidates George Bush and Michael Dukakis, and another set of questions relating to Nancy Reagan's influence and her reported use of the advice of an astrologer. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, 1984 presidential vote choice, sex, education, age, religion, marital status, household composition, labor union membership, employment status, race, income, and state/region of residence. Adults aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the 48 contiguous United States. Random digit dialing. 2008-02-20 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setup files have been added to this data collection. The data contain blanks and alphabetic characters. A weight variable is included that must be used in any analysis.