In 2021, roughly ******* children living with single mothers who never married were receiving public assistance in the U.S. Comparatively, there were around ****** children of widowed mothers receiving public assistance.

In 2022, over *** million children living with single mothers who never married were receiving food stamps in the U.S. Additionally, *** million children living with divorced single mothers were receiving food stamps.

In 2022, there were about 4.15 million Black families in the United States with a single mother. This is an increase from 1990 levels, when there were about 3.4 million Black families with a single mother.

Single parenthood

The typical family is comprised of two parents and at least one child. However, that is not the case in every single situation. A single parent is someone who has a child but no spouse or partner. Single parenthood occurs for different reasons, including divorce, death, abandonment, or single-person adoption. Historically, single parenthood was common due to mortality rates due to war, diseases, and maternal mortality. However, divorce was not as common back then, depending on the culture.

Single parent wellbeing

In countries where social welfare programs are not strong, single parents tend to suffer more financially, emotionally, and mentally. In the United States, most single parents are mothers. The struggles that single parents face are greater than those in two parent households. The number of families with a single mother in the United States has increased since 1990, but the poverty rate of black families with a single mother has significantly decreased since that same year. In comparison, the poverty rate of Asian families with a single mother, and the percentage of white, non-Hispanic families with a single mother who live below the poverty level in the United States have both been fluctuating since 2002.

In 1990, 48.1 percent of all Black families with a single mother in the United States lived below the poverty level. In 2023, that figure had decreased to 25.9 percent. This is significantly higher than white households with a single mother. Poverty is the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter.

Time, Love, and Cash in Couples with Children (TLC3) consists of four waves of interviews with parents (married and nonmarried) who experienced a birth in the year 2000. Both mothers and fathers participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews individually and as a couple in each of the four waves. Interviewers were encouraged to probe and to be flexible with the order of the questions to foster a more conversational interaction. During the TLC3 interviews respondents were asked their views on parenthood, child-rearing responsibilities and expenditures, family structure and relationships, the amount of time spent with their child, their domestic responsibilities, and household income and expenditures. Questions also focused on the relationship between the parents. Respondents were asked how much time they spend together, what their thoughts were on the future of their relationship, and their general views on marriage, parenthood, and gender roles.

Yilan County Single Parent and Women's Welfare Service Center Information

Single source providing information on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program rules among States and across years (currently 1996-2010), including longitudinal tables with state TANF polices for selected years.

This package contains files and documentation for the Cleveland survey data from the Project on Devolution and Urban Change (Urban Change, for short). The larger project is examining the implementation and effects of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in four urban counties: Cuyahoga (Cleveland), Philadelphia, Miami-Dade, and Los Angeles. The study's focal period of the late 1990s through the early 2000s was one of prolonged economic expansion and unprecedented decline in unemployment. The study thus captures the most promising context for welfare reform: one of high labor market demand and ample resources to support families in the process of moving from welfare to work. The included files are the longitudinal client survey data used in Welfare Reform in Cleveland: Implementation, Effects, and Experiences of Poor Families and Neighborhoods. The data file consists of one SAS data set containing responses to two waves of interviews on education, training, employment, family and household composition, housing, income, material hardship, welfare, health and health care, fertility and childbearing, parenting, child outcomes, child care, domestic violence, substance use, and demographic background. Some sensitive questions have been dropped from this file.

Provide individual family services for single-parent families and their children (counseling, meetings, consultation, guidance), legal and social welfare consultation, parenting growth activities (parent-child upbringing, respite, etc.), education and training, seminars, workshops, psychological counseling and guidance services, single-parent family after-school guidance and care services, etc.

The study "Leaving the Shadows Behind? Effects of Domestic Workers Reform on Mothers' Formal Employment" attempts to answer the question: What happens when new labor regulations are implemented and enforced while a welfare cash transfer is already in place? It does so by analyzing the effects on employment and formality resulting from the introduction of Argentine National Law 26.844 ('Private Homes Employee's Regime') in April 2013, differentiated by the age of the domestic worker's youngest child. The data source for this analysis comes from the Argentinean National Household Survey (EPH, for its name in Spanish) for the period 2010-2015. The EPH is collected by the National Institute of Statistics (INDEC) and contains quarterly individual and household microdata for 32 urban areas representing 62 percent of the country's total population (Garganta and Gasparini, 2015). The EPH follows a rotation scheme in which a household in a certain area enters the sample for two quarters in a row, retires for the next two quarters, and returns for two more quarters. In this case, the panel structure of the survey was not exploited because of the small number of domestic workers sampled before and after the reform. As such, each quarterly observation is used as a repeated cross-section with standard errors clustered in the urban area. The final sample consists of women aged between 18 and 59 years who are Argentinean residents, mothers with children in the household, either single or married to an unregistered spouse and who self-identify as domestic workers. The former means that the woman states that domestic work is either her main activity or, if unemployed, that her last occupation is domestic work. The EPH contains detailed self-reported information on domestic workers living in their own dwellings, including their household and job characteristics. Domestic workers who co-reside with their employers are excluded from this analysis because they represent a small number of observations in the sample and because no household information is available for them. The sample also excludes workers who (if employed) have been working for the same employer for more than 25 years, and those who work for over 50 hours per week. The previous is an attempt to make the groups of domestic workers with children below 18 years old and with children 18 years old or above more comparable. Methods The data used in this study were obtained from sources in the public domain: EPH. “Microdatos y Documentos 2003–2015.” & " “Microdatos y Documentos 2016–2018.” https://www.indec.gob.ar/indec/web/Institu cional- Indec- BasesDeDatos. Data files at the Individual and Household level were downloaded from the National Institute of Statistics (INDEC) and processed using Stata 14. See directions to download these data in the README.

This record contains the underlying research data for the publication "Efficient child care subsidies". We study the design of child care subsidies in an optimal welfare problem with heterogeneous private market productivities. The optimal subsidy schedule is qualitatively similar to the existing US scheme. Efficiency mandates a subsidy on formal child care costs, with higher subsidies paid to lower income earners and a kink as a function of child care expenditure. Marginal labor income tax rates are set lower than the labor wedges, with the potential to generate negative marginal tax rates. We calibrate our simple model to features of the US labor market and focus on single mothers with children aged below 6. The optimal program provides stronger participation but milder intensive margin incentives for low-income earners with subsidy rates starting very high and decreasing with income more steeply than those in the United States.

The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) provides federal money to states and territories to provide assistance to low-income families, to obtain quality child care so they can work, attend training, or receive education. Within the broad federal parameters, States and Territories set the detailed policies. Those details determine whether a particular family will or will not be eligible for subsidies, how much the family will have to pay for the care, how families apply for and retain subsidies, the maximum amounts that child care providers will be reimbursed, and the administrative procedures that providers must follow. Thus, while CCDF is a single program from the perspective of federal law, it is in practice a different program in every state and territory. The CCDF Policies Database project is a comprehensive, up-to-date database of CCDF policy information that supports the needs of a variety of audiences through (1) analytic data files, (2) a project website and search tool, and (3) an annual report (Book of Tables). These resources are made available to researchers, administrators, and policymakers with the goal of addressing important questions concerning the effects of child care subsidy policies and practices on the children and families served. A description of the data files, project website and search tool, and Book of Tables is provided below: 1. Detailed, longitudinal analytic data files provide CCDF policy information for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the United States territories and outlying areas that capture the policies actually in effect at a point in time, rather than proposals or legislation. They capture changes throughout each year, allowing users to access the policies in place at any point in time between October 2009 and the most recent data release. The data are organized into 32 categories with each category of variables separated into its own dataset. The categories span five general areas of policy including: Eligibility Requirements for Families and Children (Datasets 1-5) Family Application, Terms of Authorization, and Redetermination (Datasets 6-13) Family Payments (Datasets 14-18) Policies for Providers, Including Maximum Reimbursement Rates (Datasets 19-27) Overall Administrative and Quality Information Plans (Datasets 28-32) The information in the data files is based primarily on the documents that caseworkers use as they work with families and providers (often termed "caseworker manuals"). The caseworker manuals generally provide much more detailed information on eligibility, family payments, and provider-related policies than the CCDF Plans submitted by states and territories to the federal government. The caseworker manuals also provide ongoing detail for periods in between CCDF Plan dates. Each dataset contains a series of variables designed to capture the intricacies of the rules covered in the category. The variables include a mix of categorical, numeric, and text variables. Most variables have a corresponding notes field to capture additional details related to that particular variable. In addition, each category has an additional notes field to capture any information regarding the rules that is not already outlined in the category's variables. Beginning with the 2020 files, the analytic data files are supplemented by four additional data files containing select policy information featured in the annual reports (prior to 2020, the full detail of the annual reports was reproduced as data files). The supplemental data files are available as 4 datasets (Datasets 33-36) and present key aspects of the differences in CCDF-funded programs across all states and territories as of October 1 of each year (2009-2022). The files include variables that are calculated using several variables from the analytic data files (Datasets 1-32) (such as copayment amounts for example family situations) and information that is part of the annual project reports (the annual Book of Tables) but not stored in the full database (such as summary market rate survey information from the CCDF plans). 2. The project website and search tool provide access to a point-and-click user interface. Users can select from the full set of public data to create custom tables. The website also provides access to the full range of reports and products released under the CCDF Policies Data

Abstract

A strikingly large number of African children - up to 60% in some countries - do not co-reside with biological fathers. Most of these children are raised by single mothers, defined as women who are not married, cohabiting or in a socially recognized relationship with the biological or non-biological father of their children. The welfare of these children, however, has generated little concern as studies tend to emphasize the critical compensating role of extended kin in child rearing throughout Africa. It is often assumed that a large and supportive kin network will buffer against any negative effects of single motherhood on children's well-being. However, this assumption may be false. A recent study found that children of single mothers were significantly more likely to die before the age of five than children of mothers in union in 11 countries in Africa. Limited or inadequate support from extended kin may help explain these outcomes, but currently no data exists to rigorously investigate such a claim. In this pilot study, we have developed and administered an innovative survey instrument - Kinship Support Tree - designed to capture time- and space- varying measures of kinship support for single mothers and their young children in an urban context in Kenya characterized by low-income and high circular migration.

Geographic coverage

Korogocho

Analysis unit

Single Mothers

Universe

Single mothers with at least one child under the age of 7 residing in Korogocho

Sampling procedure

• Random sample of 500 children aged 0-5 who live with single mothers. In total, 462 single mothers with at least one child under the age of 7 residing in Korogocho were interviewed.

• Kin Sample: 5,344 close kin (co-resident and non-resident)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Demographic attributes of mothers and close kin

Geo-spatial attributes of kin

Type and quantity of support provided to mother and child from kin

Child health and cognitive development

USER NOTE: This database no longer contains the most up-to-date information. Some errors and missing data from the previous years have been fixed in the most recent data release in the CCDF Policies Database Series. The most recent release is a cumulative file which includes the most accurate version of this and all past years' data. Please do not use this study's data unless you are attempting to replicate the analysis of someone who specifically used this version of the CCDF Policies Database. For any other type of analysis, please use the most recent release in the CCDF Policies Database Series.

The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) provides federal money to States, Territories, and Tribes to provide assistance to low-income families receiving or in transition from temporary public assistance, to obtain quality child care so they can work, to attend training, or receive education. Within the broad federal parameters, States and Territories set the detailed policies. Those details determine whether a particular family will or will not be eligible for subsidies, how much the family will have to pay for the care, how families apply for and retain subsidies, the maximum amounts that child care providers will be reimbursed, and the administrative procedures that providers must follow. Thus, while CCDF is a single program from the perspective of federal law, it is in practice a different program in every State and Territory.

The CCDF Policies Database project is a comprehensive, up-to-date database of inter-related sources of CCDF policy information that support the needs of a variety of audiences through (1) Analytic Data Files and (2) a Book of Tables. These are made available to researchers, administrators, and policymakers with the goal of addressing important questions concerning the effects of alternative child care subsidy policies and practices on the children and families served, specifically parental employment and self-sufficiency, the availability and quality of care, and children's development. A description of the Data Files and Book of Tables is provided below:

1. Detailed, longitudinal Analytic Data Files of CCDF policy information for all 50 States, the District of Columbia, and United States Territories that capture the policies actually in effect at a point in time, rather than proposals or legislation. They focus on the policies in place at the start of each fiscal year, but also capture changes during that fiscal year. The data are organized into 32 categories with each category of variables separated into its own dataset. The categories span five general areas of policy including:

• Eligibility Requirements for Families and Children (Datasets 1-5)

• Family Application, Terms of Authorization, and Redetermination (Datasets 6-13)

• Family Payments (Datasets 14-18)

• Policies for Providers, Including Maximum Reimbursement Rates (Datasets 19-27)

• Overall Administrative and Quality Information Plans (Datasets 28-32)

The information in the Data Files is based primarily on the documents that caseworkers use as they work with families and providers (often termed "caseworker manuals"). The caseworker manuals generally provide much more detailed information on eligibility, family payments, and provider-related policies than the documents submitted by States/Territories to the federal government. The caseworker manuals also provide ongoing detail for periods in between submission dates.

Each dataset contains a series of variables designed to capture the intricacies of the rules covered in the category. The variables include a mix of categorical, numeric, and text variables. Every variable has a corresponding notes field to capture additional details related to that particular variable. In addition, each category has an additional notes field to capture any information regarding the rules that is not already outlined in the category's variables.

2. The Book of Tables is available as a single dataset (Dataset 33) and it presents key aspects of the differences in CCDF funded programs across all states, territories, and tribes as of October 1, 2009. The Book of Tables include

109 Yilan County Social Welfare Related Information

In 2021, roughly ****** children living with single fathers who never married were receiving public assistance in the U.S. Comparatively, approximately ************ children living with separated fathers were receiving public assistance.

This Seniors, Community and Social Services (SCSS) dataset describes the monthly Income Support caseload in Alberta, including two client groups: those Expected to Work (ETW) and those who have Barriers to Full Employment (BFE). Income Support provides financial benefits to individuals and families who do not have the resources to meet their basic needs, like food, clothing, and shelter. The caseload is defined as the number of households categorized as ETW or BFE during a specific reporting period. Most commonly, this is reported as the average volume for a specific period (e.g., annually). The composition of the caseload is made up of single individuals, lone-parent families, couples with children and couples without children. In April 2018, a breakdown of the number of caseloads by SCSS Regions was added to provide greater context. NOTE: (1) - Due to a change in how region information is tracked within source systems, region caseloads have been updated as of January 2025 to include an additional category 'Unknown', reflecting new postal codes being introduced to the data record within source systems. This change has been retroactively applied to all past data. (2) - All regions report that the primary factor for reduced Income Support caseloads from April-2020 is due to Albertans accessing the federal government’s Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB).

The Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) was fielded on a national basis between the months of December 1990 and May 1991. The survey was carried out by the National Institute of Population Studies with the objective of assisting the Ministry of Population Welfare to evaluate the Population Welfare Programme and maternal and child health services. The PDHS is the latest in a series of surveys, making it possible to evaluate changes in the demographic status of the population and in health conditions nationwide. Earlier surveys include the Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey of 1984-85 and the Pakistan Fertility Survey of 1975. The primary objective of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) was to provide national- and provincial-level data on population and health in Pakistan. The primary emphasis was on the following topics: fertility, nuptiality, family size preferences, knowledge and use of family planning, the potential demand for contraception, the level of unwanted fertility, infant and child mortality, breastfeeding and food supplementation practices, maternal care, child nutrition and health, immunisations and child morbidity. This information is intended to assist policy makers, administrators and researchers in assessing and evaluating population and health programmes and strategies. The PDHS is further intended to serve as a source of demographic data for comparison with earlier surveys, particularly the 1975 Pakistan Fertility Survey (PFS) and the 1984-85 Pakistan Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (PCPS). MAIN RESULTS Until recently, fertility rates had remained high with little evidence of any sustained fertility decline. In recent years, however, fertility has begun to decline due to a rapid increase in the age at marriage and to a modest rise in the prevalence of contraceptive use. The lotal fertility rate is estimated to have fallen from a level of approximately 6.4 children in the early 1980s to 6.0 children in the mid-1980s, to 5.4 children in the late 1980s. The exact magnitude of the change is in dispute and will be the subject of further research. Important differentials of fertility include the degree ofurbanisation and the level of women's education. The total fertility rate is estimated to be nearly one child lower in major cities (4.7) than in rural areas (5.6). Women with at least some secondary schooling have a rate of 3.6, compared to a rate of 5.7 children for women with no formal education. There is a wide disparity between women's knowledge and use of contraceptives in Pakistan. While 78 percent of currently married women report knowing at least one method of contraception, only 21 percent have ever used a method, and only 12 percent are currently doing so. Three-fourths of current users are using a modem method and one-fourth a traditional method. The two most commonly used methods are female sterilisation (4 percent) and the condom (3 percent). Despite the relatively low level of contraceptive use, the gain over time has been significant. Among married non-pregnant women, contraceptive use has almost tripled in 15 years, from 5 percent in 1975 to 14 percent in 1990-91. The contraceptive prevalence among women with secondary education is 38 percent, and among women with no schooling it is only 8 percent. Nearly one-third of women in major cities arc current users of contraception, but contraceptive use is still rare in rural areas (6 percent). The Government of Pakistan plays a major role in providing family planning services. Eighty-five percent of sterilised women and 81 percent of IUD users obtained services from the public sector. Condoms, however, were supplied primarily through the social marketing programme. The use of contraceptives depends on many factors, including the degree of acceptability of the concept of family planning. Among currently married women who know of a contraceptive method, 62 percent approve of family planning. There appears to be a considerable amount of consensus between husbands and wives about family planning use: one-third of female respondents reported that both they and their husbands approve of family planning, while slightly more than one-fifth said they both disapprove. The latter couples constitute a group for which family planning acceptance will require concerted motivational efforts. The educational levels attained by Pakistani women remain low: 79 percent of women have had no formal education, 14 percent have studied at the primary or middle school level, and only 7 percent have attended at least some secondary schooling. The traditional social structure of Pakistan supports a natural fertility pattern in which the majority of women do not use any means of fertility regulation. In such populations, the proximate determinants of fertility (other than contraception) are crucial in determining fertility levels. These include age at marriage, breastfeeding, and the duration of postpartum amenorrhoea and abstinence. The mean age at marriage has risen sharply over the past few decades, from under 17 years in the 1950s to 21.7 years in 1991. Despite this rise, marriage remains virtually universal: among women over the age of 35, only 2 percent have never married. Marriage patterns in Pakistan are characterised by an unusually high degree of consangninity. Half of all women are married to their first cousin and an additional 11 percent are married to their second cousin. Breasffeeding is important because of the natural immune protection it provides to babies, and the protection against pregnancy it gives to mothers. Women in Pakistan breastfeed their children for an average of20months. Themeandurationofpostpartumamenorrhoeais slightly more than 9 months. After tbebirth of a child, women abstain from sexual relations for an average of 5 months. As a result, the mean duration of postpartum insusceptibility (the period immediately following a birth during which the mother is protected from the risk of pregnancy) is 11 months, and the median is 8 months. Because of differentials in the duration of breastfeeding and abstinence, the median duration of insusceptibility varies widely: from 4 months for women with at least some secondary education to 9 months for women with no schooling; and from 5 months for women residing in major cities to 9 months for women in rural areas. In the PDHS, women were asked about their desire for additional sons and daughters. Overall, 40 percent of currently married women do not want to have any more children. This figure increases rapidly depending on the number of children a woman has: from 17 percent for women with two living children, to 52 percent for women with four children, to 71 percent for women with six children. The desire to stop childbearing varies widely across cultural groupings. For example, among women with four living children, the percentage who want no more varies from 47 percent for women with no education to 84 percent for those with at least some secondary education. Gender preference continues to be widespread in Pakistan. Among currently married non-pregnant women who want another child, 49 percent would prefer to have a boy and only 5 percent would prefer a girl, while 46 percent say it would make no difference. The need for family planning services, as measured in the PDHS, takes into account women's statements concerning recent and future intended childbearing and their use of contraceptives. It is estimated that 25 percent of currently married women have a need for family planning to stop childbearing and an additional 12 percent are in need of family planning for spacing children. Thus, the total need for family planning equals 37 percent, while only 12 percent of women are currently using contraception. The result is an unmet need for family planning services consisting of 25 percent of currently married women. This gap presents both an opportunity and a challenge to the Population Welfare Programme. Nearly one-tenth of children in Pakistan die before reaching their first birthday. The infant mortality rate during the six years preceding the survey is estimaled to be 91 per thousand live births; the under-five mortality rate is 117 per thousand. The under-five mortality rates vary from 92 per thousand for major cities to 132 for rural areas; and from 50 per thousand for women with at least some secondary education to 128 for those with no education. The level of infant mortality is influenced by biological factors such as mother's age at birth, birth order and, most importantly, the length of the preceding birth interval. Children born less than two years after their next oldest sibling are subject to an infant mortality rate of 133 per thousand, compared to 65 for those spaced two to three years apart, and 30 for those born at least four years after their older brother or sister. One of the priorities of the Government of Pakistan is to provide medical care during pregnancy and at the time of delivery, both of which are essential for infant and child survival and safe motherhood. Looking at children born in the five years preceding the survey, antenatal care was received during pregnancy for only 30 percent of these births. In rural areas, only 17 percent of births benefited from antenatal care, compared to 71 percent in major cities. Educational differentials in antenatal care are also striking: 22 percent of births of mothers with no education received antenatal care, compared to 85 percent of births of mothers with at least some secondary education. Tetanus, a major cause of neonatal death in Pakistan, can be prevented by immunisation of the mother during pregnancy. For 30 percent of all births in the five years prior to the survey, the mother received a tetanus toxoid vaccination. The differentials are about the same as those for antenatal care generally. Eighty-five percent of the births occurring during the five years preceding the survey were delivered

This dataset presents the footprint of the percentage of all women who gave birth and had at least one antenatal visit in the first trimester. The data spans every two years between 2012-2016 and is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3) geographic areas from the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). The Child and Maternal Health Indicators have been calculated from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Mortality Database and Register of Births and National Perinatal Data Collection. This measure has been calculated with the numerator as the total number of women who gave birth and had at least one antenatal visit in the first trimester, and the denominator as the total number of mothers with a recorded week of gestation at the first antenatal visit. For further information about this dataset, visit the data source:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare - Child and Maternal Health Data Tables. Please note: AURIN has spatially enabled the original data.

The Cashless Debit Card (CDC) program has ended in all locations across Australia, and all CDC participants have now exited the program or transferred to enhanced Income Management. Data summaries for the CDC program by month include the below tables:\r \r Table 1. Number of CDC participants by original CDC location, Income Support Payment and if a participant had identified as an Indigenous Australian.\r \r Table 2. Community panel (or body) decisions to change the restricted portion of welfare payment.\r \r Table 3. When someone was not subject to cashless welfare arrangements: Well-being exemptions.\r \r Table 4. When someone was not subject to cashless welfare arrangements: Exits.\r \r \r Information about the CDC:\r \r On 6 March 2023, CDC participants located in the Northern Territory, Cape York and Doomadgee region, as well as volunteers from the Ceduna, East Kimberley, Goldfields, Bundaberg and Hervey Bay regions, moved to enhanced Income Management. More information about enhanced Income Management is located on the Department of Social Services (the department) web site: https://www.dss.gov.au/families-and-children/programmes-services/welfare-conditionality/enhanced-income-management-overview \r \r The CDC program was repealed on 30 March 2023, by the Social Security (Administration) Amendment (Repeal of Cashless Debit Card and Other Measures) Act 2022, which is located here: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2022A00039.\r \r \r Locations and commencement dates:\r \r Location: Ceduna region, South Australia \r \r Commencement date: 15 March 2016\r \r Included: Ceduna, Koonibba, Scotdesco, Yalata and Oak Valley \r \r Cohort: All people on a working age income support payment\r \r Location: East Kimberley region, Western Australia\r \r Commencement date: 26 April 2016\r \r Included: Kununurra and Wyndham \r \r Cohort: All people on a working age income support payment\r \r Location: Goldfields region, Western Australia \r \r Commencement date: 26 March 2018\r \r Included: Kalgoorlie, Boulder, Coolgardie, Laverton, Leinster, Leonora, Menzies and Kookynie.\r \r Cohort: All people on a working age income support payment\r \r Location: Bundaberg and Hervey Bay region, Queensland\r \r Commencement date: 21 September 2018\r \r Included: Bundaberg, Hervey Bay, Aldershot, Bargara, Elliott Heads, Woodgate, Booyal, Burrum Heads, Torbanlea, Toogoom, Howard, Childers, Burnett Heads and River Heads.\r \r Cohort: All people aged 35 years and under who received Newstart Allowance, Youth Allowance (Job seeker), Parenting Payment (Single) or Parenting Payment (Partnered).\r \r \r Data Confidentialisation Policy: Table cells are suppressed where the count refers to less than five, but more than zero, people.\r \r The method is:\r \r •\tCells with counts between one (1) and four (4) are presented as <5.\r \r •\tCells with a count of zero (0) are not suppressed.\r \r •\tWhere suppression has been applied and it is still possible to derive the cell value from other information in the table, the total/s or the next lowest aggregate cells are suppressed and presented with ‘n.p.’ (not provided).\r \r \r Data caveats: If a person was on the CDC program and moved out of a CDC area, they remained on the program and were reported against their original CDC community.\r