GDP per Capita: East Germany incl Berlin data was reported at 41,858.000 EUR in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 40,727.000 EUR for 2023. GDP per Capita: East Germany incl Berlin data is updated yearly, averaging 23,386.500 EUR from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2024, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41,858.000 EUR in 2024 and a record low of 9,826.000 EUR in 1991. GDP per Capita: East Germany incl Berlin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.A054: ESA 2010: GDP per Capita: by Region.

GDP per Capita: West Germany incl Berlin data was reported at 53,052.000 EUR in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 51,685.000 EUR for 2023. GDP per Capita: West Germany incl Berlin data is updated yearly, averaging 33,009.500 EUR from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2024, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53,052.000 EUR in 2024 and a record low of 22,687.000 EUR in 1991. GDP per Capita: West Germany incl Berlin data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.A054: ESA 2010: GDP per Capita: by Region.

In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Germany was split into four zones, each administered by France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union respectively. In 1949, the Soviet-controlled zone formed the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), while the rest became the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). In this time, Berlin was also split into four zones, and the three non-Soviet zones formed West Berlin, which was a part of West Germany (although the West's administrative capital was moved to Bonn). One population grows, while the other declines Between 1949 and 1961, an estimated 2.7 million people migrated from East to West Germany. East Germany had a communist government with a socialist economy and was a satellite state of the Soviet Union, whereas West Germany was a liberal democracy with a capitalist economy, and western autonomy increased over time. Because of this difference, West Germany was a much freer society with more economic opportunities. During the German partition, the population of the west grew, from 51 million in 1950 to 62.7 million in 1989, whereas the population of East Germany declined from 18.4 million to just 16.4 million during this time. Little change after reunification In 1989, after four decades of separation, the process of German reunification began. The legal and physical barriers that had split the country were removed, and Germans could freely travel within the entire country. Despite this development, population growth patterns did not change. The population of the 'new states' (East Germany) continued to decline, whereas the population of the west grew, particularly in the 1990s, the first decade after reunification. The reasons for this continued imbalance between German population in the east and west, is mostly due to a low birth rate and internal migration within Germany. Despite the fact that levels of income and unemployment in the new states have gotten closer to those reported for the west (a major obstacle after reunification), life and opportunities in the west continue to attract young Germans from rural areas in the east with detrimental effect on the economy and demography of the new states.

TThe ERS International Macroeconomic Data Set provides historical and projected data for 181 countries that account for more than 99 percent of the world economy. These data and projections are assembled explicitly to serve as underlying assumptions for the annual USDA agricultural supply and demand projections, which provide a 10-year outlook on U.S. and global agriculture. The macroeconomic projections describe the long-term, 10-year scenario that is used as a benchmark for analyzing the impacts of alternative scenarios and macroeconomic shocks.

Explore the International Macroeconomic Data Set 2015 for annual growth rates, consumer price indices, real GDP per capita, exchange rates, and more. Get detailed projections and forecasts for countries worldwide.

Annual growth rates, Consumer price indices (CPI), Real GDP per capita, Real exchange rates, Population, GDP deflator, Real gross domestic product (GDP), Real GDP shares, GDP, projections, Forecast, Real Estate, Per capita, Deflator, share, Exchange Rates, CPI

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, WORLD Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research. Notes:

Developed countries/1 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Other Western Europe, European Union 27, North America

Developed countries less USA/2 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Other Western Europe, European Union 27, Canada

Developing countries/3 Africa, Middle East, Other Oceania, Asia less Japan, Latin America;

Low-income developing countries/4 Haiti, Afghanistan, Nepal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe;

Emerging markets/5 Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Russia, China, India, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore

BRIICs/5 Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China; Former Centrally Planned Economies

Former centrally planned economies/7 Cyprus, Malta, Recently acceded countries, Other Central Europe, Former Soviet Union

USMCA/8 Canada, Mexico, United States

Europe and Central Asia/9 Europe, Former Soviet Union

Middle East and North Africa/10 Middle East and North Africa

Other Southeast Asia outlook/11 Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

Other South America outlook/12 Chile, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay

Indicator Source

Real gross domestic product (GDP) World Bank World Development Indicators, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service all converted to a 2015 base year.

Real GDP per capita U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, GDP table and Population table.

GDP deflator World Bank World Development Indicators, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service, all converted to a 2015 base year.

Real GDP shares U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, GDP table.

Real exchange rates U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, CPI table, and Nominal XR and Trade Weights tables developed by the Economic Research Service.

Consumer price indices (CPI) International Financial Statistics International Monetary Fund, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service, all converted to a 2015 base year.

Population Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, International Data Base.

Explore annual GDP growth rates for various countries with this dataset. Analyze trends and patterns related to GDP growth to make informed decisions. Click here for more information!

GDP growth (annual %), GDP, Growth Rates

Kenya, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, El Salvador, Italy, Sint Maarten (Dutch part), Comoros, Kosovo, Argentina, Bulgaria, Guinea-Bissau, Slovenia, Guinea, Belize, Low income, Lower middle income, New Caledonia, St. Kitts and Nevis, Benin, World, Kyrgyz Republic, United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Burundi, Korea, Rep., Low & middle income, Euro area, Libya, Luxembourg, Namibia, Kiribati, India, Burkina Faso, East Asia & Pacific (excluding high income), Tajikistan, Lao PDR, Equatorial Guinea, Niger, Liechtenstein, Palau, Hong Kong SAR, China, Switzerland, Tonga, Qatar, Turkiye, Middle East & North Africa (excluding high income), Indonesia, Iraq, Fiji, Central Europe and the Baltics, Isle of Man, Costa Rica, Finland, Small states, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Netherlands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Europe & Central Asia (IDA & IBRD countries), Japan, Bhutan, Belgium, Australia, Denmark, Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC), Middle East & North Africa (IDA & IBRD countries), Uzbekistan, Pacific island small states, Mongolia, Gabon, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Ukraine, Venezuela, RB, Latvia, Macao SAR, China, Vietnam, Arab World, Myanmar, Latin America & Caribbean (excluding high income), Haiti, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Nicaragua, Panama, San Marino, Gambia, The, Guatemala, IDA & IBRD total, Azerbaijan, Chad, Zimbabwe, Mali, Bolivia, Grenada, Mexico, East Asia & Pacific (IDA & IBRD countries), Timor-Leste, Dominica, Peru, Malawi, Trinidad and Tobago, Nauru, Monaco, Tuvalu, Egypt, Arab Rep., Virgin Islands (U.S.), Sao Tome and Principe, Cabo Verde, IDA only, Mozambique, Oman, Yemen, Rep., Albania, New Zealand, Latin America & Caribbean, Rwanda, Cameroon, Lesotho, Solomon Islands, Germany, Bangladesh, Papua New Guinea, Maldives, Moldova, Antigua and Barbuda, Congo, Dem. Rep., Romania, Portugal, Africa Western and Central, Mauritius, France, Uruguay, Tanzania, Colombia, South Asia (IDA & IBRD), Honduras, South Sudan, Sudan, Cuba, Least developed countries: UN classification, South Asia, Tunisia, Guyana, Nepal, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, United States, Canada, Lebanon, Africa Eastern and Southern, Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding high income), Angola, Bahamas, The, Fragile and conflict affected situations, Malta, Middle East & North Africa, Turkmenistan, Cote d'Ivoire, Northern Mariana Islands, Thailand, Seychelles, North Macedonia, Afghanistan, Russian Federation, IBRD only, Iran, Islamic Rep., Malaysia, Djibouti, Europe & Central Asia (excluding high income), Norway, Dominican Republic, French Polynesia, Jordan, Nigeria, Lithuania, Estonia, Eswatini, Vanuatu, Late-demographic dividend, St. Lucia, Cambodia, Curacao, Kuwait, Belarus, American Samoa, Bahrain, Somalia, Pre-demographic dividend, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Jamaica, Ecuador, European Union, Post-demographic dividend, Brazil, Central African Republic, Chile, Puerto Rico, Pakistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, IDA total, Marshall Islands, Czechia, Channel Islands, Poland, Togo, Latin America & the Caribbean (IDA & IBRD countries), Sweden, Iceland, Armenia, Georgia, Montenegro, Europe & Central Asia, Hungary, IDA blend, Sub-Saharan Africa (IDA & IBRD countries), Paraguay, Zambia, Andorra, OECD members, Bermuda, Early-demographic dividend, Croatia, Upper middle income, Algeria, Samoa, Eritrea, Suriname, Mauritania, Guam, China, Sri Lanka, Congo, Rep., Liberia, Greece, Botswana, East Asia & Pacific, West Bank and Gaza, Philippines, Cayman Islands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, High income, Serbia, Caribbean small states, Greenland, Cyprus, Aruba, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Madagascar, Other small states, Sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal, Middle income, Austria, North America Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

Das mit dem René Kuczynski-Preis ausgezeichnete Buch “Planning Ahead and Falling Behind. The East Germany Economy in Comparison with West Germany 1936 – 2002“ ist aus einer Dissertation an der Universität Groningen hervorgegangen und erhielt seine endgültige Gestalt am Zentrum für Deutschlandstudien der Universität Nijmegen und am Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle. Ziel der Untersuchung ist der Vergleich der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in Westdeutschland und Ostdeutschland (bzw. zwischen 1949 und 1991 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik). Der Vergleich beruht vor allem auf makroökonomischen Daten, wobei das Bruttoinlandsprodukt und die Arbeitsproduktivität im Vordergrund stehen. Jaap Sleifer untersucht die Arbeitsproduktivität und Wachstum in Ostdeutschland in dem Bereich von Industrie, Landwirtschaft, öffentliche Versorgungsbetriebe, Bauwirtschaft sowie Transport- und Kommunikationswesen. Der Autor vergleicht die Entwicklung im mittleren Teil des Deutschen Reiches, in der DDR und den neuen Bundesländern mit den Fortschritten, die in den gleichen Bereichen in der BRD erzielt wurden. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht die Frage, warum die Wirtschaft der DDR immer weiter hinter der westdeutschen Wirtschaft zurückblieb. Die Untersuchung enthält eine materialreiche und differenzierte empirische Analyse. Für die DDR werden lange Reihen der „Industrial Production from 1950 to 1992“und des „East Gross Domestic Product (East GDP)“ von 1950 bis 1991 dargestellt. Die dazu beschriebene Methodik zur Berechnung dieser Reihen lässt erkennen, dass diese Reihen zu wesentlichen Teilen auf der sog. „Erzeugnisreihen - Methode“ beruhen (für den Bereich des Produzierenden Gewerbes). Diese Methode wird seit langem für die Messung des Produktionswachstums in Form von Produktionsindizes in der amtlichen Industriestatistik vieler Staaten eingesetzt. So berechnet z.B. das Statistische Bundesamt periodisch den Index der Produktion für das Produzierende Gewerbe nach dieser Methode. Der entscheidende Unterschied zwischen den Berechnungen des Produktionsindex vom Statistischen Bundesamt und der von Jaap Sleifer angewendeten Methoden besteht darin, dass die verwendeten langfristigen Reihen für ausgewählte Erzeugnispositionen nur deren Produktionsentwicklung im Naturalausdruck widerspiegeln (z.B. in Tonnen, in Stück, in Quadratmeter). Die Nutzung von Erzeugnisreihen für die Berechnung des BIP der DDR soll die Probleme beseitigen, die mit einer preislichen Bewertung zusammenhängen. Die Sicherung der Vergleichbarkeit des Inhalts der Erzeugnisabgrenzungen für längere Zeitperioden wird durch die Verkettung von Unterperioden mit einer wechselnden Erzeugnisauswahl begegnet. Zur Aggregation der Einzelreihen zum BIP muss auf eine wertmäßige Struktur zurückgegriffen werden. In dieser Untersuchung wurde zur Zusammenfassung für die Industrie insgesamt der wertmäßige Brutto-Output der westdeutschen Industrie des Jahres 1991 verwendet. Der Autor diskutiert die Probleme und Einschränkungen einer Berechnung der Produktionsentwicklung, die ausschließlich auf der Grundlage von Erzeugnissen im Naturalausdruck und den Problemen einer volkswirtschaftlichen Hochrechnung dieser Daten.Die Gliederung der Untersuchung erfolgt nach vier Perioden; 1935-1950; 1950-1989; 1989-1991; 1991-2003. Der Autor zeigt, dass der entscheidende Rückfall der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft gegenüber der westdeutschen in der Periode 1936 bis 1950 erfolgte, vor allem in den Kriegs- und unmittelbaren Nachkriegsjahren sowie am Beginn des „Kalten Krieges“. In der Periode der beiden deutschen Staaten konnte die Volkswirtschaft der DDR den Absturz in der ersten Periode nicht mehr aufholen. Der Abstand zur westdeutschen Wirtschaft vergrößerte sich in der zweite Periode hinsichtlich des Bruttoinlandprodukts und der Arbeitsproduktivität. Diese Entwicklung beschleunigte sich noch einmal in der Übergangsperiode 1989 bis 1991. Die vierte Periode nach der Wiedervereinigung 1991 bis 2003 wird in der Arbeit nur kurz behandelt. Dabei erweisen sich nur die Jahre 1991 bis 1995 als Phase des Aufholens der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft. Das Ergebnis der Analyse von Jaap Sleifer steht ganz im Gegensatz zur Mainstream-Auffassung, wonach das Zurückbleiben Ostdeutschlands vor allem „systembedingt“, d.h. auf die „falsche“ Wirtschaftsordnung zurückzuführen war. Denn das entscheidende Zurückfallen der scheint weitgehend auch vor Einführung des planwirtschaftlichen Systems erfolgt zu sein und in einer zweiten Phase kurz vor dessen Zusammenbruch. Datentabellen in HISTAT:Anhang A.: Zeitreihen für den industriellen SektorA.01 Industrieproduktion ins West- und Ostdeutschland (1936-1954)A.02 Beschäftigung in der Industrie und Kapitalstock (1936-1954)A.03 Industrielle Produktion in der DDR und in Deutschland, Index 1950 = 100 (1936 – 1992)A.04 Beschäftigung in der Industrie der DDR, in Tausend (1950- 1989)A.05 Durchschnittliche jährliche Arbeitsstunden pro Beschäftigten, DDR und Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1950-1989)Anhang B.: Zeitreihen für die gesamte VolkswirtschaftB.01 Bruttoinlandsprodukt der DDR nach Wirtschaftszweigen, Index 1950 = 100 (1950-1991)B.02 Beschäftigte in der DDR nach Wirtschaftszweigen, in Tausend (1950-1992)