This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the United States and its Territories. These data delineate the areal extent of wetlands and surface waters as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979), which represents a biological definition of wetlands and deepwater habitats. There is no attempt to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal, State, or local government, or to establish the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies. Some wetland habitats may be under represented or excluded in certain areas because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and near shore coastal waters and also some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs). These habitats, because of their depth and water clarity, go undetected by most aerial imagery. By policy, the Service also excludes certain types of "farmed wetlands" as may be defined by the Food Security Act or that do not coincide with the Cowardin et al. definition. Contact the Service's Regional Wetland Coordinator for additional information on what types of farmed wetlands are included on wetland maps. This dataset should be used in conjunction with the Wetlands_Project_Metadata layer, which contains project boundaries, specific wetlands mapping procedures and information on dates, scales and emulsion of imagery used to map the wetlands within specific project boundaries.

This dataset (2012-2020) is a compilation of the Land Use/Land Cover datasets created by the 5 Water Management Districts in Florida based on imagery -- North West Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD) 2019, Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD) 2019-2020, St. John's River Water Management District (SJRWMD) 2013-2016, 2013 (Dec 2012 – Mar 2013) - Duval, Bradford, 2014 (Dec 2013 – Mar 2014) - Alachua, Baker, Clay, Flagler, Lake, Marion, Nassau, Osceola, Polk, Putnam, St. John’s, 2015 (Dec 2014 – Mar 2015) - Brevard, Indian River, Okeechobee, Seminole, Volusia, 2016 (Dec 2015 – Mar 2016) - Orange, South West Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) 2020 and South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) 2017-2019. Codes are derived from the Florida Land Use, Cover, and Forms Classification System (FLUCCS-DOT 1999) but may have been altered to accommodate region differences.

This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the conterminous United States. These data delineate the areal extent of wetlands and surface waters as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979).

Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and near shore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery.

By policy, the Service also excludes certain types of "farmed wetlands" as may be defined by the Food Security Act or that do not coincide with the Cowardin et al. definition. Contact the Service's Regional Wetland Coordinator for additional information on what types of farmed wetlands are included on wetland maps.

This data is hosted at, and may be downloaded or accessed from PASDA, the Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access Geospatial Data Clearinghouse http://www.pasda.psu.edu/uci/DataSummary.aspx?dataset=1455

Wetlands are areas where water is present at or near the surface of the soil during at least part of the year. Wetlands provide habitat for many species of plants and animals that are adapted to living in wet habitats. Wetlands form characteristic soils, absorb pollutants and excess nutrients from aquatic systems, help buffer the effects of high flows, and recharge groundwater. Data on the distribution and type of wetland play an important role in land use planning and several federal and state laws require that wetlands be considered during the planning process.The National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) was designed to assist land managers in wetland conservation efforts. The NWI is managed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: WetlandsUnits: MetersCell Size: 10 metersSource Type: ThematicPixel Type: Unsigned integer 16 bitData Coordinate System: North America Albers Equal Area Conic (WKID 102008)Mosaic Projection: North America Albers Equal Area Conic (WKID 102008)Extent: 50 United States plus Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the US Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and US Minor Outlying IslandsSource: U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServicePublication Date: October 26, 2024 ArcGIS Server URL: https://landscape11.arcgis.com/arcgis/This layer was created from the October 26, 2024 version of the NWI. The original NWI features were downloaded from USFWS and then converted to a single part feature class using the Multipart To Singlepart tool. After that, the Dice tool was used to break up features larger than 50,000 vertices. The diced, singlepart features were projected to North America Albers projection, then the Repair Geometry tool was run on the features, using tool defaults, to prepare it for a clean rasterization. The features were then converted to several rasters in North America Albers projection using the Polygon to Raster Tool. The National Land Cover Dataset was used as a snap raster for the rasterization process. The rasters representing different parts of the USA are served together as a single layer from a mosaic dataset on the server.This layer includes attributes from the original dataset as well as attributes added by Esri for use in the default pop-up and to allow the user to query and filter the data. NWI derived attributes:Wetland Code - a code that identifies specific attributes of the wetlandWetland Type - one of 8 wetland typesEsri created attributes:System - code indicating the system and subsystem of the wetlandClass - code indicating the class and subclass of the wetlandModifier 1, Modifier 2, Modifier 3, Modifier 4 - these four fields contain letter codes for modifiers applied to the wetland descriptionSystem Name - the name of the system (Marine, Estuarine, Riverine, Lacustrine, or Palustrine)Subsystem Name - the name of the subsystemClass Name - the name of the classSubclass Name - the name of the subclassModifier 1 Name, Modifier 2 Name, Modifier 3 Name , Modifier 4 Name - these four fields contain names for modifiers applied to the wetland descriptionPopup Header - this field contains a text string that is used to create the header in the default pop-up System Text - this field contains a text string that is used to create the system description text in the default pop-upClass Text - this field contains a text string that is used to create the class description text in the default pop-upModifier Text - this field contains a text string that is used to create the modifier description text in the default pop-upSpecies Text - this field contains a text string that is used to create the species description text in the default pop-upCodes, names, and text fields were derived from the publication Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States.The layer serves an index value from a mosaic dataset on the enterprise server. It uses an attribute table function on the mosaic to serve the attributes that appear in the popup for the layer. Because there are more than 2,000 integer values served by the layer, most map clients can not render a legend for this layer. A colormap is used after the attribute table function on the mosaic dataset to help the layer render in the colors intended for the layer.What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application.Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "USA Wetlands" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "USA Wetlands" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.In ArcGIS Pro you can use the built-in raster functions to create custom extracts of the data. Imagery layers provide fast, powerful inputs to geoprocessing tools, models, or Python scripts in Pro.The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one.

Wetlands Wetlands provide a multitude of ecological, economic and social benefits. They provide habitat for fish, wildlife and plants - many of which have a commercial or recreational value - recharge groundwater, reduce flooding, provide clean drinking water, offer food and fiber, and support cultural and recreational activities. Unfortunately, over half of America’s wetlands have been lost since 1780, and wetland losses continue today. This highlights the urgent need for geospatial information on wetland extent, type, and change. The National Wetlands Inventory The US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is the principal US Federal agency tasked with providing information to the public on the status and trends of our Nation's wetlands. The US FWS National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) is a publicly available resource that provides detailed information on the abundance, characteristics, and distribution of US wetlands. NWI data are used by natural resource managers, within the US FWS and throughout the Nation, to promote the understanding, conservation and restoration of wetlands. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: National Wetlands Inventory. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.fws.gov/program/national-wetlands-inventory

This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the United States and its Trust Territories. These data delineate the areal extent of wetlands and surface waters as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979). Certain wetland habitats may be excluded because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and near shore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery. By policy, the Service also excludes certain types of "farmed wetlands" as may be defined by the Food Security Act or that do not coincide with the Cowardin et al. definition.The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is the principal Federal agency that provides information to the public on the extent and status of the Nation's wetlands. The Service's strategic plan for our vast national wetland data holdings is focused on the development, updating, and dissemination of wetlands data and information to Service resource managers and the public.For more information visit: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/index.htmlView Wetlands Data on the Wetlands Mapper at: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.htmlWetlands Web Services are available at: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Web-Map-Services.htmlWetlands Data available as a KML at: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Google-Earth.htmlWetlands Data Downloads available at: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Data-Download.htmlWetland Data Standards available at: https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Data-Standards.html

This data set serves as documentation of land cover and land use (LCLU) within the South Florida Water Management District as it existed in 2017-19. Land Cover Land Use data was updated from 2014-16 LCLU by photo-interpretation from 2017-19 aerial photography and classified using the SFWMD modified FLUCCS classification system. Features were interpreted from the county-based aerial photography (4 in - 2 ft pixel), see imagery year in the "AERIAL DATE" field. The features were updated on screen from the 2014-16 vector data. Horizontal accuracy of the data corresponds to the positional accuracy of the county aerial photography. The minimum mapping unit for classification was 0.5 acres for wetlands and 5 acres for uplands. This data is partial and is not considered complete until the entire SFWMD has been completed.Photointerpretation Key: https://geoext.geoapps.sfwmd.gov/TPubs/2014_SFWMD_LULC_Photointerpretation_Key.pdf

The MassDEP Wetlands service comprises two feature types, polygons (areas) and arcs (lines). The attribute codes in the polygon layer describe different types of wetland environments and the arc attributes describe line types based on adjacent polygon types or arcs defined as hydrologic connections.

This map service displays the data based on the generalized categories in the POLY_CODE and ARC_CODE fields. The 2005 MassDEP Wetlands layers provide a medium-scale representation of wetland areas of the state. Wetland areas consist of open water, vegetated wetlands, and coastal landforms. The hydrologic connection arcs provide a medium scale representation of linear features (less than 50 feet wide) that appear to contain flowing water (either intermittently or perennially) and flow into, out of, or between mapped wetland polygons. Hydrologic connections may consist of rivers, streams, ditches, culverts, swales, or other water conveyance features.

Please see MassGIS' metadata for more details.A feature service is also available.

The third generation of high resolution 10-m wetland inventory map of Canada, covering an approximate area of one billion hectares, was generated using multi-year (2016-2020), multi-source imagery (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, ALOS PALSAR-2, and SRTM) Earth Observation (EO) data as well as environmental features. Over 8800 wetland polygons were processed within an object-based random forest classification scheme on the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. The average overall accuracy of 90.5% is an increase of 4.7% over CWIM2. CWIM Versions: The Canadian Wetland Inventory Map (CWIM) is an extension of work started at Memorial University to produce a Newfoundland and Labrador wetland inventory during 2015-2018 which was significantly funded by Environment and Climate Change Canada. The first national CWIM was produced 2018-2019 as a collaboration between Memorial University, C-CORE, and Natural Resources Canada. Dr. Brian Brisco was instrumental in connecting ground truth from multiple sources to the project and providing guidance. Version 2 was produced in 2020 which included more training data and processing by Canada’s ecozones rather than provinces to take advantage of the commonality of landscape ecological features within ecozones to improve the accuracy. Version 3 produced in 2021 continued adding more data sources to further improve accuracy specifically an overestimation of wetland area as well as introducing a confidence map. Version 3A completed in 2022 updates only the arctic ecozones due to their relatively lower accuracy and added hydro-physiographic data layers. Currently work is underway to create a northern circumpolar wetland inventory map to be published in 2025. Paper on Newfoundland and Labrador Wetland Inventory: Mahdianpari, M.; Salehi, B.; Mohammadimanesh, F.; Homayouni, S.; Gill, E. The First Wetland Inventory Map of Newfoundland at a Spatial Resolution of 10 m Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010043 Paper on CWIM1: Mahdianpari, M., Salehi, B., Mohammadimanesh, F., Brisco, B., Homayouni, S., Gill, E., … Bourgeau-Chavez, L. (2020). Big Data for a Big Country: The First Generation of Canadian Wetland Inventory Map at a Spatial Resolution of 10-m Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data on the Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing Platform. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 46(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2019.1711366 Paper on CWIM2: Mahdianpari, M., Brisco, B., Granger, J. E., Mohammadimanesh, F., Salehi, B., Banks, S., … Weng, Q. (2020). The Second Generation Canadian Wetland Inventory Map at 10 Meters Resolution Using Google Earth Engine. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 46(3), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2020.1802584 Paper on CWIM3: M. Mahdianpari et al., "The Third Generation of Pan-Canadian Wetland Map at 10 m Resolution Using Multisource Earth Observation Data on Cloud Computing Platform," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 14, pp. 8789-8803, 2021, doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3105645. Paper on Arctic ecoregion enhancement for CWIM3A: Michael Merchant, et al., ”Leveraging google earth engine cloud computing for large-scale arctic wetland mapping,” in International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 125, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103589.

In 2023, the US Supreme Court’s majority ruled in Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency that only wetlands that are “indistinguishable” from federally protected waters “due to a continuous surface connection” are federally protected. This study estimates the potential impact of interpretations of the ruling on federal wetlands protections, using a qualitative measure of wetland “wetness” as a proxy for the new requirement. An estimated area ranging from ~17 million acres (19%) to nearly all 90 million acres of nontidal wetlands in the conterminous United States could be without federal protections, and variability in state protections creates hotspots of risk. The high-level estimates provided here represent a first step toward understanding the long-term impacts of Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency on federal wetlands protections and highlight the uncertainty introduced by the ruling.

Wetland boundary polygons primarily in unincorporated Pierce County. Surveyed, field-checked, and wetlands from aerial photos/NWI are included in this inventory. Additionally, areas thought previously to be wetlands but disproved through review are included. Please read metadata for additional information (https://matterhorn.piercecountywa.gov/GISmetadata/pdbplan_cwi_wetlands.html). Any data download constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use (https://matterhorn.piercecountywa.gov/Disclaimer/PierceCountyGISDataTermsofUse.pdf). Please see provided hyperlinks for metadata and Terms of Use.

There are presence absence records for vegetation and matched hydrological data from 687 1 x 1 m quadrats recorded from 11 wetlands and wetland complexes (28 sampled hydrological gradients (referred to as transects) across the upper and lower southeast of South Australia. Plant data were collected in spring 2013. Hydrological monitoring data at each site consisted of continuous (6 hourly) surface water level data from a state agency monitoring network. Observed water levels at the monitoring instrument on the day of monitoring were related to the observed depth of water at each quadrat, assuming a flat, level water surface and obtain a datum for each quadrat relative to the monitoring instrument. The continuous monitoring record was then used to calculate a range of different hydrological predictors indicating the variation at each quadrat. The hydrological dataset provided are the univariate summary statistics recording different aspects of surface water dynamics for each quadrat. Hydrological predictors (sum-exceedance value, hydroperiod and maximum inundation depth) were calculated for annual and seasonal periods in the three-years prior to plant data collection. See metadata and relevant publication for additional details on calculation. Hydrological predictors for each quadrat are provided in a single matrix of sites by predictors, with relevant location details for the quadrat (xy coordinates, site, transect). Included is a single electrical conductivity class for each transect (ordinal variable - low moderate, high - see metadata). Vegetation data are provided as a single matrix (quadrats x plant functional group) showing presence absence of each functional group in each quadrat. There is also a lookup table giving the assignment of each plant species to a plant functional group.

Wetlands are lands that are seasonally or permanently flooded by shallow water, as well as lands where the water table is close to or at the surface. In either case, the presence of abundant water has caused the formation of hydric (moist) soils and has favoured the dominance of either hydrophytic (water-loving) or water tolerant plants.The term wetland is a general one and includes specific land types commonly called marshes, bogs, swamps and fens. Other terms sometimes used to describe wetlands include mires, sloughs and peatlands.Periodically soaked or wetlands being used for agricultural purposes that no longer exhibit wetland characteristics are not considered to be wetlands for the purposes of this definition.Wetland polygons are mapped independently from other hydrographic data classes and may overlap water bodies or other hydrographic data.Not all wetlands have been identified and mapped. Active maintenance is ongoing province-wide.Evaluators using the Ontario Wetland Evaluation System (OWES) will find additional guidance on the Ontario Wetlands evaluation page.For user friendly viewing of the wetland data, navigate to Ontario’s Make a Natural Heritage Map web application. This map application displays wetlands that have been evaluated using the Ontario Wetland Evaluation System as provincially significant or non-provincially significant. The application also displays wetlands that have not been evaluated but have been mapped using other procedures.*Due to limitations of the shapefile format, Wetland data can only be downloaded in the file geodatabase format (.gbd). On Ontario GeoHub, access the file geodatabase by clicking Download > Additional Resources > Complete File Geodatabase.Additional DocumentationMap identifying the Eco Regions in the Province of Ontario (PDF)Wetland - User Guide (Word) StatusOn going: data is being continually updatedMaintenance and Update FrequencyAs needed: data is updated as deemed necessaryContact Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources - Geospatial Ontario, geospatial@ontario.ca

Under the 2023 Supreme Court decision for Sackett vs USEPA, wetlands are jurisdictional to Waters of the United States (WOTUS) if 1) a continuous surface connection is present with an existing WOTUS, and 2) the wetland is practically indistinguishable from an ocean, river, stream, or lake where the continuous surface water connection is identified. A national-scale assessment for the United States was conducted to identify potential geographically isolated wetlands. The National Wetland Inventory (NWI, https://www.fws.gov/program/national-wetlands-inventory) maintained by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Hydrograpy Dataset (NHD, https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset) maintained by the US Geological Survey were used for the assessment. A custom workflow (https://github.com/tbep-tech/wetlands-eval) was developed to iteratively download the NWI and NHD spatial layers for each state to identify isolated wetlands based on the Euclidean distance of each wetland centroid to NHD features. These data files represent all NWI wetlands in the United States and the distance (meters) to the closest NHD feature. The total number of wetlands is less than that in the original NWI data given that polygons within 0.5 meters were combined into a single wetland complex. The rows in each file represent these polygons, with columns for acreage of the wetland, latitude and longitude (WGS 1984) of the wetland centroid, distance of the wetland in meters to the nearest NHD feature, whether distance was calculated (assumed zero distance), the state abbreviation, wetland type, and GAP status (Gap Analysis Project).

This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in Carteret County, NC, as of May, 2018. These data delineate the areal extent of wetlands and surface waters as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979). The National Wetlands Inventory - Version 2, Surface Waters and Wetlands Inventory was derived by retaining the wetland and deepwater polygons that compose the NWI digital wetlands spatial data layer and reintroducing any linear wetland or surface water features that were orphaned from the original NWI hard copy maps by converting them to narrow polygonal features. Additionally, the data are supplemented with hydrography data, buffered to become polygonal features, as a secondary source for any single-line stream features not mapped by the NWI and to complete segmented connections. Wetland mapping conducted in WA, OR, CA, NV and ID after 2012 and most other projects mapped after 2015 were mapped to include all surface water features and are not derived data. The linear hydrography dataset used to derive Version 2 was the U.S. Geological Survey's National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Specific information on the NHD version used to derive Version 2 and where Version 2 was mapped can be found in the 'comments' field of the Wetlands_Project_Metadata feature class. Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and near shore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery. By policy, the Service also excludes certain types of "farmed wetlands" as may be defined by the Food Security Act or that do not coincide with the Cowardin et al. definition. Contact the Service's Regional Wetland Coordinator for additional information on what types of farmed wetlands are included on wetland maps. This dataset should be used in conjunction with the Wetlands_Project_Metadata layer, which contains project specific wetlands mapping procedures and information on dates, scales and emulsion of imagery used to map the wetlands within specific project boundaries.

Within estuaries along the Texas coast, wetland coverage and bathymetry were computed. Ultimately eight major river estuaries were analyzed: Sabine Lake, Galveston, Matagorda, San Antonio, Aransas, Corpus Christi, Upper Laguna Madre, and Lower Laguna Madre. For these eight estuaries, the area of various wetland habitats (saltwater marsh, mangrove, freshwater marsh, swamp, oyster, seagrass, and tidal flat) was determined using National Wetland Inventory (NWI) data. Additionally, water volume for both present-day conditions and projected 2100 scenarios under the intermediate-low Global Mean Sea Level Rise (GMSLR) was calculated, with the assumption of 0.5 meters by 2100. Further analysis targeted three estuaries (Sabine-Neches, Lavaca-Colorado, and Nueces) distributed across the upper, middle, and lower Texas coast. Utilizing historical wetland data from the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) spanning three time periods (1950s, 1970s – 1980s, and 2000s), the spatial and temporal changes in wetland habitat coverage were assessed.

Biota that act as ecosystem engineers are increasingly recognized as effective components of habitat restoration as they can continuously alter and shape their environments without human intervention. Muskrats are considered ecosystem engineers and are relatively common in North American wetlands. While muskrat impacts to large areas have been documented, few studies have quantified the impact of muskrats on ecosystem biodiversity. We conducted a field study in wetlands along the Upper St. Lawrence River (New York, USA) to investigate the effects of muskrat herbivory and structure building on plant biodiversity in cattail-invaded wetlands. The data collected are separated into two main groups, i.e. “reference” vegetation surveys and “muskrat” vegetation surveys. “Reference” surveys were conducted for the partial grant fulfillment funded by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation [contract AM10165] and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation special project administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, New York Field Office, Cortland, NY [grant number #2005-0129-055/58859]. “Muskrat” surveys were conducted for the Masters project by Z.X. Kua. The five datasets include 1) Reference quadrat plant taxa estimated cover (n = 1912), 2) Reference quadrat cattail measurements (n = 737), 3) Muskrat-disturbed quadrat plant taxa estimated cover (n = 1886), 4) Muskrat-disturbed quadrat cattail measurements (n = 582), and 5) Wetland plant taxa lookup table for vegetation survey (n = 135).

In 2016 NYC Parks contracted with the UVM Spatial Analysis Lab to use modern remote sensing and object-based image analysis to create a new wetlands map for New York City. Data inputs include Light Detection and Ranging Data, State and Federal Wetland Inventories, soils, and field data. Because the map was conservative in its wetlands predictions, NYC Parks staff improved the map through a series of desktop and field verification efforts. From June to November 2020, NYC Parks staff field verified the majority of wetlands on NYC Parks' property.

The map will be opportunistically updated depending on available field information and delineations. Another dedicated field verification effort has not been planned. As of June 2021, no subsequent updates to the data are scheduled.

Original field names were updated to field names that are easier to understand.

This dataset was developed to increase awareness regarding the location and extent of wetlands to promote restoration and conservation in New York City. This map does not supersede U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) wetlands maps and has no jurisdictional authority. It should be used alongside NWI and NYSDEC datasets as a resource for identifying likely locations of wetlands in New York City. Mapped features vary in the confidence of their verification status, ranging from "Unverified" (meaning the feature exists in its original remotely mapped form and has not been ground truthed) to "Verified - Wetland Delineation" (meaning the boundaries and type of wetland have been verified during an official wetland delineation). Because of the rapid nature of the protocol and the scale of data collection, this product is not a subsitute for on-site investigations and field delineations. The dataset also includes broad classifications for each wetland type, e.g. estuarine, emergent wetland, forested wetland, shrub/scrub wetland, or water. Cowardin classifcations were not used given rapid verfication methods.

The accuracy of the wetlands map has improved over time as a result of the verification process. Fields were added over time as necessitated by the workflow and values were updated with information, either from the field verifications, delineation reports, or desktop analysis.

OBJECTID, Shape, Class_Name_Final, Verification_Status, Create_Date, Last_Edited_Date, Verification_Status_Year, SHAPE_Length, SHAPE_Area

https://www.nycgovparks.org/greening/natural-resources-group

Data Dictionary: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1a45qCho45MV-AuOlGxyaRp0cg3cRFKw4lAYBIaU3zi4/edit#gid=260500519

Map: https://data.cityofnewyork.us/dataset/NYC-Wetlands/7piy-bhr9

This data set consists of a subset of a 1-degree gridded global freshwater wetlands database (Stillwell-Soller et al. 1995). This subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America (i.e., 10° N to 25° S, 30° to 85° W). The data are in ASCII GRID format.The global freshwater wetlands database was assembled from two data sets: Aselman and Crutzen's (1989) wetlands data set and Klinger's political Alaska data set (pers. comm. to L. M. Stillwell-Soller, 1995). The aim of Stillwell-Soller's global data set was to provide an accurate, comprehensive and uniform set of files for convenient specification of wetlands in global climate models. The main source of data was Aselman and Crutzen's global maps of percent cover for a variety of wetlands categories at 2.5-degree latitude by 5-degree longitude resolution. There was some reorganization for seasonally varying categories. Aselman and Crutzen's data were interpolated to a standard 1-degree by 1-degree grid through bilinear interpolation. Their data were geographically complete except for the Alaskan region, for which Klinger's data set provided values.More information can be found at ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/lba/land_use_land_cover_change/soller_wetlands/comp/soller_readme.pdf.LBA was a cooperative international research initiative led by Brazil. NASA was a lead sponsor for several experiments. LBA was designed to create the new knowledge needed to understand the climatological, ecological, biogeochemical, and hydrological functioning of Amazonia; the impact of land use change on these functions; and the interactions between Amazonia and the Earth system. More information about LBA can be found at http://www.daac.ornl.gov/LBA/misc_amazon.html.

This data set represents the extent, approximate location and type of wetlands and deepwater habitats in the conterminous United States. These data delineate the areal extent of wetlands and surface waters as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979).

Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and near shore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery.

By policy, the Service also excludes certain types of "farmed wetlands" as may be defined by the Food Security Act or that do not coincide with the Cowardin et al. definition. Contact the Service's Regional Wetland Coordinator for additional information on what types of farmed wetlands are included on wetland maps.

This data is hosted at, and may be downloaded or accessed from PASDA, the Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access Geospatial Data Clearinghouse http://www.pasda.psu.edu/uci/DataSummary.aspx?dataset=1457