The number of Twitter users in the United States was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 4.3 million users (+5.32 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the Twitter user base is estimated to reach 85.08 million users and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the number of Twitter users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here regarding the platform twitter, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of Twitter users in countries like Canada and Mexico.

As of January 2024, #love was the most used hashtag on Instagram, being included in over two billion posts on the social media platform. #Instagood and #instagram were used over one billion times as of early 2024.

Cristiano Ronaldo has one of the most popular Instagram accounts as of April 2024.

              The Portuguese footballer is the most-followed person on the photo sharing app platform with 628 million followers. Instagram's own account was ranked first with roughly 672 million followers.

              How popular is Instagram?

              Instagram is a photo-sharing social networking service that enables users to take pictures and edit them with filters. The platform allows users to post and share their images online and directly with their friends and followers on the social network. The cross-platform app reached one billion monthly active users in mid-2018. In 2020, there were over 114 million Instagram users in the United States and experts project this figure to surpass 127 million users in 2023.

              Who uses Instagram?

              Instagram audiences are predominantly young – recent data states that almost 60 percent of U.S. Instagram users are aged 34 years or younger. Fall 2020 data reveals that Instagram is also one of the most popular social media for teens and one of the social networks with the biggest reach among teens in the United States.

              Celebrity influencers on Instagram
              Many celebrities and athletes are brand spokespeople and generate additional income with social media advertising and sponsored content. Unsurprisingly, Ronaldo ranked first again, as the average media value of one of his Instagram posts was 985,441 U.S. dollars.

Facebook and YouTube are still the most used social media platforms today.

The number of Reddit users in the United States was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2028 by in total 10.3 million users (+5.21 percent). After the ninth consecutive increasing year, the Reddit user base is estimated to reach 208.12 million users and therefore a new peak in 2028. Notably, the number of Reddit users of was continuously increasing over the past years.User figures, shown here with regards to the platform reddit, have been estimated by taking into account company filings or press material, secondary research, app downloads and traffic data. They refer to the average monthly active users over the period and count multiple accounts by persons only once. Reddit users encompass both users that are logged in and those that are not.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in up to 150 countries and regions worldwide. All indicators are sourced from international and national statistical offices, trade associations and the trade press and they are processed to generate comparable data sets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).Find more key insights for the number of Reddit users in countries like Mexico and Canada.

The results of which gender uses which platforms are in.

As of April 2024, around 16.5 percent of global active Instagram users were men between the ages of 18 and 24 years. More than half of the global Instagram population worldwide was aged 34 years or younger.

              Teens and social media

              As one of the biggest social networks worldwide, Instagram is especially popular with teenagers. As of fall 2020, the photo-sharing app ranked third in terms of preferred social network among teenagers in the United States, second to Snapchat and TikTok. Instagram was one of the most influential advertising channels among female Gen Z users when making purchasing decisions. Teens report feeling more confident, popular, and better about themselves when using social media, and less lonely, depressed and anxious.
              Social media can have negative effects on teens, which is also much more pronounced on those with low emotional well-being. It was found that 35 percent of teenagers with low social-emotional well-being reported to have experienced cyber bullying when using social media, while in comparison only five percent of teenagers with high social-emotional well-being stated the same. As such, social media can have a big impact on already fragile states of mind.

The results might surprise you when looking at internet users that are active on social media in each country.

Please cite the following paper when using this dataset:

N. Thakur, “Five Years of COVID-19 Discourse on Instagram: A Labeled Instagram Dataset of Over Half a Million Posts for Multilingual Sentiment Analysis”, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing (MLNLP 2024), Chengdu, China, October 18-20, 2024 (Paper accepted for publication, Preprint available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03293)

Abstract

The outbreak of COVID-19 served as a catalyst for content creation and dissemination on social media platforms, as such platforms serve as virtual communities where people can connect and communicate with one another seamlessly. While there have been several works related to the mining and analysis of COVID-19-related posts on social media platforms such as Twitter (or X), YouTube, Facebook, and TikTok, there is still limited research that focuses on the public discourse on Instagram in this context. Furthermore, the prior works in this field have only focused on the development and analysis of datasets of Instagram posts published during the first few months of the outbreak. The work presented in this paper aims to address this research gap and presents a novel multilingual dataset of 500,153 Instagram posts about COVID-19 published between January 2020 and September 2024. This dataset contains Instagram posts in 161 different languages. After the development of this dataset, multilingual sentiment analysis was performed using VADER and twitter-xlm-roberta-base-sentiment. This process involved classifying each post as positive, negative, or neutral. The results of sentiment analysis are presented as a separate attribute in this dataset.

For each of these posts, the Post ID, Post Description, Date of publication, language code, full version of the language, and sentiment label are presented as separate attributes in the dataset.

The Instagram posts in this dataset are present in 161 different languages out of which the top 10 languages in terms of frequency are English (343041 posts), Spanish (30220 posts), Hindi (15832 posts), Portuguese (15779 posts), Indonesian (11491 posts), Tamil (9592 posts), Arabic (9416 posts), German (7822 posts), Italian (5162 posts), Turkish (4632 posts)

There are 535,021 distinct hashtags in this dataset with the top 10 hashtags in terms of frequency being #covid19 (169865 posts), #covid (132485 posts), #coronavirus (117518 posts), #covid_19 (104069 posts), #covidtesting (95095 posts), #coronavirusupdates (75439 posts), #corona (39416 posts), #healthcare (38975 posts), #staysafe (36740 posts), #coronavirusoutbreak (34567 posts)

The following is a description of the attributes present in this dataset

Post ID: Unique ID of each Instagram post

Post Description: Complete description of each post in the language in which it was originally published

Date: Date of publication in MM/DD/YYYY format

Language code: Language code (for example: “en”) that represents the language of the post as detected using the Google Translate API

Full Language: Full form of the language (for example: “English”) that represents the language of the post as detected using the Google Translate API

Sentiment: Results of sentiment analysis (using the preprocessed version of each post) where each post was classified as positive, negative, or neutral

Open Research Questions

This dataset is expected to be helpful for the investigation of the following research questions and even beyond:

How does sentiment toward COVID-19 vary across different languages?

How has public sentiment toward COVID-19 evolved from 2020 to the present?

How do cultural differences affect social media discourse about COVID-19 across various languages?

How has COVID-19 impacted mental health, as reflected in social media posts across different languages?

How effective were public health campaigns in shifting public sentiment in different languages?

What patterns of vaccine hesitancy or support are present in different languages?

How did geopolitical events influence public sentiment about COVID-19 in multilingual social media discourse?

What role does social media discourse play in shaping public behavior toward COVID-19 in different linguistic communities?

How does the sentiment of minority or underrepresented languages compare to that of major world languages regarding COVID-19?

What insights can be gained by comparing the sentiment of COVID-19 posts in widely spoken languages (e.g., English, Spanish) to those in less common languages?

All the Instagram posts that were collected during this data mining process to develop this dataset were publicly available on Instagram and did not require a user to log in to Instagram to view the same (at the time of writing this paper).

As of January 2024, Instagram was slightly more popular with men than women, with men accounting for 50.6 percent of the platform’s global users. Additionally, the social media app was most popular amongst younger audiences, with almost 32 percent of users aged between 18 and 24 years.

              Instagram’s Global Audience

              As of January 2024, Instagram was the fourth most popular social media platform globally, reaching two billion monthly active users (MAU). This number is projected to keep growing with no signs of slowing down, which is not a surprise as the global online social penetration rate across all regions is constantly increasing.
              As of January 2024, the country with the largest Instagram audience was India with 362.9 million users, followed by the United States with 169.7 million users.

              Who is winning over the generations?

              Even though Instagram’s audience is almost twice the size of TikTok’s on a global scale, TikTok has shown itself to be a fierce competitor, particularly amongst younger audiences. TikTok was the most downloaded mobile app globally in 2022, generating 672 million downloads. As of 2022, Generation Z in the United States spent more time on TikTok than on Instagram monthly.

56.8% of the world’s total population is active on social media.

In this post, I'll give you all the social media addiction statistics you need to be aware of to moderate your social media use.

As of April 2024, almost 32 percent of global Instagram audiences were aged between 18 and 24 years, and 30.6 percent of users were aged between 25 and 34 years. Overall, 16 percent of users belonged to the 35 to 44 year age group.

              Instagram users

              With roughly one billion monthly active users, Instagram belongs to the most popular social networks worldwide. The social photo sharing app is especially popular in India and in the United States, which have respectively 362.9 million and 169.7 million Instagram users each.

              Instagram features

              One of the most popular features of Instagram is Stories. Users can post photos and videos to their Stories stream and the content is live for others to view for 24 hours before it disappears. In January 2019, the company reported that there were 500 million daily active Instagram Stories users. Instagram Stories directly competes with Snapchat, another photo sharing app that initially became famous due to it’s “vanishing photos” feature.
              As of the second quarter of 2021, Snapchat had 293 million daily active users.

This dataset, divided into files by city, contains geotagged digital traces collected from different social media platforms, detailed below. • Tweets - Cheng et al. [1] • Gowalla [2] • Tweets - Lamsal [3] • YELP[4] • Tweets - Kejriwal et al. [5] • Geotagged Tweets [6] • UrbanActivity, [7] • Brightkite [8] • Weeplaces [8] • Flickr [9] • Foursquare [10] Each file is named according to the city to which the digital traces were associated and contains the columns: Source: contains the name of the source platform Event_date: contains the date associated with the digital trace Lat: latitude of the digital trace Lng: length of the digital trace The definition of city/town used is provided by Simplemaps [11], which considers a city/town any inhabited place as determined by U.S. government agencies. The location of cities and their respective centers were obtained from the World Cities Database provided by the same company. A specific group of these cities was utilized for the research presented in the article submitted to Sensors Journal: Muñoz-Cancino, R., Rios, S. A., & Graña, M. (2023). Clustering cities over features extracted from multiple virtual sensors measuring micro-level activity patterns allows to discriminate large-scale city characteristics. Sensors, Under Review. Comprehensive guidelines and the selection criteria can be found in the abovementioned article. References [1] Zhiyuan Cheng, James Caverlee, and Kyumin Lee. You are where you tweet: A content-based approach to geo-locating twitter users. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM '10, page 759{768, New York, NY, USA, 2010. Association for Computing Machinery. [2] Eunjoon Cho, Seth A. Myers, and Jure Leskovec. Friendship and mobility: User movement in location-based social networks. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD '11, page 1082{1090, New York, NY, USA, 2011. Association for Computing Machinery. [3] Yunhe Feng and Wenjun Zhou. Is working from home the new norm? an observational study based on a large geo-tagged covid-19 twitter dataset, 2020. [4] Yelp Inc. Yelp Open Dataset, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.yelp.com/dataset. Accessed October 26, 2021. [5] Mayank Kejriwal and Sara Melotte. A Geo-Tagged COVID-19 Twitter Dataset for 10 North American Metropolitan Areas, January 2021. [6] Rabindra Lamsal. Design and analysis of a large-scale covid-19 tweets dataset. Applied Intelligence, 51(5):2790{2804, 2021. [7] Geraud Le Falher, Aristides Gionis, and Michael Mathioudakis. Where is the Soho of Rome? Measures and algorithms for finding similar neighborhoods in cities. In 9th AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media - ICWSM 2015, Oxford, United Kingdom, May 2015. [8] Yong Liu, WeiWei, Aixin Sun, and Chunyan Miao. Exploiting geographical neighborhood characteristics for location recommendation. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM '14, page 739{748, New York, NY,USA, 2014. Association for Computing Machinery. [9] Hatem Mousselly-Sergieh, Daniel Watzinger, Bastian Huber, Mario Doller, Elood Egyed-Zsigmond, and Harald Kosch. World-wide scale geotagged image dataset for automatic image annotation and reverse geotagging. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys '14, page 47{52, New York, NY, USA, 2014. Association for Computing Machinery. [10] Dingqi Yang, Daqing Zhang, Vincent W. Zheng, and Zhiyong Yu. Modeling user activity preference by leveraging user spatial temporal characteristics in lbsns. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 45(1):129{142, 2015. [11] Simple Maps. Basic World Cities Database, 2021. Retrieved from https://simplemaps.com/data/world-cities. Accessed September 3, 2021. {"references": ["Zhiyuan Cheng, James Caverlee, and Kyumin Lee. You are where you tweet: A content-based approach to geo-locating twitter users. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM '10, page 759{768, New York, NY, USA, 2010. Association for Computing Machinery.", "Eunjoon Cho, Seth A. Myers, and Jure Leskovec. Friendship and mobility: User movement in location-based social networks. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD '11, page 1082{1090, New York, NY, USA, 2011. Association for Computing Machinery.", "Yunhe Feng and Wenjun Zhou. Is working from home the new norm? an observational study based on a large geo-tagged covid-19 twitter dataset, 2020.", "Yelp Inc. Yelp Open Dataset, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.yelp.com/dataset. Accessed October 26, 2021.", "Mayank Kejriwal and Sara Melotte. A Geo-Tagged COVID-19 Twitter Dataset for 10 North American Metropolitan Areas, January 2021.", "Rabindra Lamsal. Design and analysis of a large-scale covid-19 tweets dataset. Appl...

This data describes the use of the social media platform Facebook (http://www.facebook.com) by five (5) Massachusetts police departments over a three (3) month period from May 1st through July 31st, 2014. The five (5) police departments represented the towns/cities of Billerica, Burlington, Peabody, Waltham, and Wellesley. In addition to portraying these local trends, they demonstrate a methodology for systematically measuring social media use by government agencies or other organizations. This data was taken directly from Facebook using API’s provided by Facebook. The data includes all “wall posts” made by the representative police departments during this time period and includes data variables such as the text of the posting, the number of “likes” and “shares” (likes/shares represent features available on the Facebook social media platform), information about who performed the “like” or “share”, and comments others made in response to the “wall post”. There are 5 data files, one for each town represented. The number of variables vary per town depending on the post with the maximum number of certain features found in the row (for example, the top number of comments for one police department could be 20 while another could be 30 – the latter dataset would contain 10 more columns per row to account for the maximum possible). The data collected included the time from May 1st, 2014 through July 31st, 2014.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F25663426%2Fef0839f1c6342b2f89b87d08acfb4b74%2Fpeertube_graph(1).png?generation=1746770713374326&alt=media" alt="Peertube "follow" graph">

Above is the Peertube "follow" graph. The colours correspond to the language of the server (purple: unknown, green: French, blue: English, black: German, orange: Italian, grey: others).

Introduction

Decentralized machine learning---where each client keeps its own data locally and uses its own computational resources to collaboratively train a model by exchanging peer-to-peer messages---is increasingly popular, as it enables better scalability and control over the data. A major challenge in this setting is that learning dynamics depend on the topology of the communication graph, which motivates the use of real graph datasets for benchmarking decentralized algorithms. Unfortunately, existing graph datasets are largely limited to for-profit social networks crawled at a fixed point in time and often collected at the user scale, where links are heavily influenced by the platform and its recommendation algorithms. The Fediverse, which includes several free and open-source decentralized social media platforms such as Mastodon, Misskey, and Lemmy, offers an interesting real-world alternative. We introduce Fedivertex, a new dataset covering seven social networks from the Fediverse, crawled weekly on a weekly basis.

We refer to our paper for a detailed presentation of the graphs: [SOON]

Usage

Python

We implemented a simple Python API to interact easily with the dataset: https://pypi.org/project/fedivertex/

pip3 install fedivertex

This package automatically downloads the dataset and generate NetworkX graphs.

from fedivertex import GraphLoader

loader.list_graph_types("mastodon")
# List available graphs for a given software, here federation and active_user

G = loader.get_graph(software = "mastodon", graph_type = "active_user", index = 0, only_largest_component = True)
# G contains the Networkx graph of the giant component of the active users graph at the 1st date of collection

We also provide a Kaggle notebook demonstrating simple operations using this library: https://www.kaggle.com/code/marcdamie/exploratory-graph-data-analysis-of-fedivertex

Available graphs

The dataset contains graphs crawled on a daily basis on 7 social networks from the Fediverse. Each graph quantifies/characterizes the interaction differently depending on the information provided by the public API of these networks.

We present briefly the graph below (NB: the term "instance" refers to servers on the Fediverse):

• [Bookwyrm/Friendica/Lemmy/Mastodon/Misskey/Pleroma] "federation" graphs: If two instances know each other they are connected in this graph. The federation graph then corresponds to the undirected communication graph between instances.
• Peertube "follow" graphs: On Peertube, an instance X can follow an instance Y to let its users see all the videos posted on Y. This graph is a directed graph with edges of weight 1 for following.
• Lemmy "federation with blocks" graphs: This graph completes the federation graph with negative edges when an instance X blocks instance Y. The graph is directed.
• Lemmy "cross-instance" graphs: two instances are connected as soon as there exists a pair of users who published a message in the same thread, but possibly on a third instance. This is an undirected graph, less sparse than "intra-instance".
• Lemmy "intra-instance" graphs: the instance X is linked to Y if an user of X has published a message on instance Y. This graph is directed and very sparse.
• [Mastodon/Misskey/Pleroma] "active users" graphs: For each instance, we consider the set of the 10K most recently active users. Then, for each user of an instance X, we consider the list of the users they follow, and add 1 to the edge from X to Y where Y is the instance the followed users. The weight of the edge from X to Y thus encodes how much the content seen on instance X is generated in instance Y. Note that this graph thus contains self loops.

These graphs provide diverse perspectives on the Fediverse as they capture more or less subtle phenomenon. For example, "federation" graphs are dense, while "intra-instance" graphs are sparse. We have performed a detailed exploratory data analysis in this notebook.

Gephi

Our CSV files are formatted so that they can be directly imported into Gephi for graph visualization. Find below an example Gephi visualization of the Misskey "active users" graph (without the misskey.io node). The colours correspond to the language of the server (purple:Unknown, red: Japanese, brown: Korean, blue: English, yellow: Chinese).

![Misskey "active users" graph](https://www.go...

Analysis of ‘Instagram fake spammer genuine accounts’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/free4ever1/instagram-fake-spammer-genuine-accounts on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

[comment]: <> (There's a story behind every dataset and here's your opportunity to share yours.) Fakes and spammers are a major problem on all social media platforms, including Instagram. This is the subject of my final-year project in which I set out to find ways of detecting them using machine learning. In this dataset fake and spammer are interchangeable terms.

Content

[comment]: <> (What's inside is more than just rows and columns. Make it easy for others to get started by describing how you acquired the data and what time period it represents, too.) I have personally identified the spammer/fake accounts included in this dataset after carefully examining each instance and as such the dataset has high level of accuracy though there might be a couple of misidentified accounts in the spammers list as well. The dataset has been collected using a crawler from 15-19, March 2019.

[comment]: <> (### Acknowledgements)

[comment]: <> (We wouldn't be here without the help of others. If you owe any attributions or thanks, include them here along with any citations of past research.)

Inspiration

[comment]: <> (Your data will be in front of the world's largest data science community. What questions do you want to see answered?) This dataset could be further improved in quantity and quality measures, but how much accuracy can it achieve? Possible ways of using the models to tackle the problem?

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Regional use of social media has a significant effect on the male and female social media statistics.

Overview
The Controllable Multimodal Feedback Synthesis (CMFeed) Dataset is designed to enable the generation of sentiment-controlled feedback from multimodal inputs, including text and images. This dataset can be used to train feedback synthesis models in both uncontrolled and sentiment-controlled manners. Serving a crucial role in advancing research, the CMFeed dataset supports the development of human-like feedback synthesis, a novel task defined by the dataset's authors. Additionally, the corresponding feedback synthesis models and benchmark results are presented in the associated code and research publication.

Task Uniqueness: The task of controllable multimodal feedback synthesis is unique, distinct from LLMs and tasks like VisDial, and not addressed by multi-modal LLMs. LLMs often exhibit errors and hallucinations, as evidenced by their auto-regressive and black-box nature, which can obscure the influence of different modalities on the generated responses [Ref1; Ref2]. Our approach includes an interpretability mechanism, as detailed in the supplementary material of the corresponding research publication, demonstrating how metadata and multimodal features shape responses and learn sentiments. This controllability and interpretability aim to inspire new methodologies in related fields.

Data Collection and Annotation
Data was collected by crawling Facebook posts from major news outlets, adhering to ethical and legal standards. The comments were annotated using four sentiment analysis models: FLAIR, SentimentR, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT. Facebook was chosen for dataset construction because of the following factors:
• Facebook was chosen for data collection because it uniquely provides metadata such as news article link, post shares, post reaction, comment like, comment rank, comment reaction rank, and relevance scores, not available on other platforms.
• Facebook is the most used social media platform, with 3.07 billion monthly users, compared to 550 million Twitter and 500 million Reddit users. [Ref]
• Facebook is popular across all age groups (18-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65+), with at least 58% usage, compared to 6% for Twitter and 3% for Reddit. [Ref]. Trends are similar for gender, race, ethnicity, income, education, community, and political affiliation [Ref]
• The male-to-female user ratio on Facebook is 56.3% to 43.7%; on Twitter, it's 66.72% to 23.28%; Reddit does not report this data. [Ref]

Filtering Process: To ensure high-quality and reliable data, the dataset underwent two levels of filtering:
a) Model Agreement Filtering: Retained only comments where at least three out of the four models agreed on the sentiment.
b) Probability Range Safety Margin: Comments with a sentiment probability between 0.49 and 0.51, indicating low confidence in sentiment classification, were excluded.
After filtering, 4,512 samples were marked as XX. Though these samples have been released for the reader's understanding, they were not used in training the feedback synthesis model proposed in the corresponding research paper.

Dataset Description
• Total Samples: 61,734
• Total Samples Annotated: 57,222 after filtering.
• Total Posts: 3,646
• Average Likes per Post: 65.1
• Average Likes per Comment: 10.5
• Average Length of News Text: 655 words
• Average Number of Images per Post: 3.7

Components of the Dataset
The dataset comprises two main components:
• CMFeed.csv File: Contains metadata, comment, and reaction details related to each post.
• Images Folder: Contains folders with images corresponding to each post.

Data Format and Fields of the CSV File
The dataset is structured in CMFeed.csv file along with corresponding images in related folders. This CSV file includes the following fields:
• Id: Unique identifier
• Post: The heading of the news article.
• News_text: The text of the news article.
• News_link: URL link to the original news article.
• News_Images: A path to the folder containing images related to the post.
• Post_shares: Number of times the post has been shared.
• Post_reaction: A JSON object capturing reactions (like, love, etc.) to the post and their counts.
• Comment: Text of the user comment.
• Comment_like: Number of likes on the comment.
• Comment_reaction_rank: A JSON object detailing the type and count of reactions the comment received.
• Comment_link: URL link to the original comment on Facebook.
• Comment_rank: Rank of the comment based on engagement and relevance.
• Score: Sentiment score computed based on the consensus of sentiment analysis models.
• Agreement: Indicates the consensus level among the sentiment models, ranging from -4 (all negative) to 4 (all positive). 3 negative and 1 positive will result into -2 and 3 positives and 1 negative will result into +2.
• Sentiment_class: Categorizes the sentiment of the comment into 1 (positive) or 0 (negative).

More Considerations During Dataset Construction
We thoroughly considered issues such as the choice of social media platform for data collection, bias and generalizability of the data, selection of news handles/websites, ethical protocols, privacy and potential misuse before beginning data collection. While achieving completely unbiased and fair data is unattainable, we endeavored to minimize biases and ensure as much generalizability as possible. Building on these considerations, we made the following decisions about data sources and handling to ensure the integrity and utility of the dataset:

• Why not merge data from different social media platforms? We chose not to merge data from platforms such as Reddit and Twitter with Facebook due to the lack of comprehensive metadata, clear ethical guidelines, and control mechanisms—such as who can comment and whether users' anonymity is maintained—on these platforms other than Facebook. These factors are critical for our analysis. Our focus on Facebook alone was crucial to ensure consistency in data quality and format.

• Choice of four news handles: We selected four news handles—BBC News, Sky News, Fox News, and NY Daily News—to ensure diversity and comprehensive regional coverage. These news outlets were chosen for their distinct regional focuses and editorial perspectives: BBC News is known for its global coverage with a centrist view, Sky News offers geographically targeted and politically varied content learning center/right in the UK/EU/US, Fox News is recognized for its right-leaning content in the US, and NY Daily News provides left-leaning coverage in New York. Many other news handles such as NDTV, The Hindu, Xinhua, and SCMP are also large-scale but may contain information in regional languages such as Indian and Chinese, hence, they have not been selected. This selection ensures a broad spectrum of political discourse and audience engagement.

• Dataset Generalizability and Bias: With 3.07 billion of the total 5 billion social media users, the extensive user base of Facebook, reflective of broader social media engagement patterns, ensures that the insights gained are applicable across various platforms, reducing bias and strengthening the generalizability of our findings. Additionally, the geographic and political diversity of these news sources, ranging from local (NY Daily News) to international (BBC News), and spanning political spectra from left (NY Daily News) to right (Fox News), ensures a balanced representation of global and political viewpoints in our dataset. This approach not only mitigates regional and ideological biases but also enriches the dataset with a wide array of perspectives, further solidifying the robustness and applicability of our research.

• Dataset size and diversity: Facebook prohibits the automatic scraping of its users' personal data. In compliance with this policy, we manually scraped publicly available data. This labor-intensive process requiring around 800 hours of manual effort, limited our data volume but allowed for precise selection. We followed ethical protocols for scraping Facebook data , selecting 1000 posts from each of the four news handles to enhance diversity and reduce bias. Initially, 4000 posts were collected; after preprocessing (detailed in Section 3.1), 3646 posts remained. We then processed all associated comments, resulting in a total of 61734 comments. This manual method ensures adherence to Facebook’s policies and the integrity of our dataset.

Ethical considerations, data privacy and misuse prevention
The data collection adheres to Facebook’s ethical guidelines [<a href="https://developers.facebook.com/terms/"

We learn high fidelity human depths by leveraging a collection of social media dance videos scraped from the TikTok mobile social networking application. It is by far one of the most popular video sharing applications across generations, which include short videos (10-15 seconds) of diverse dance challenges as shown above. We manually find more than 300 dance videos that capture a single person performing dance moves from TikTok dance challenge compilations for each month, variety, type of dances, which are moderate movements that do not generate excessive motion blur. For each video, we extract RGB images at 30 frame per second, resulting in more than 100K images. We segmented these images using Removebg application, and computed the UV coordinates from DensePose.

Download TikTok Dataset:

Please use the dataset only for the research purpose.

The dataset can be viewed and downloaded from the Kaggle page. (you need to make an account in Kaggle to be able to download the data. It is free!)

The dataset can also be downloaded from here (42 GB). The dataset resolution is: (1080 x 604)

The original YouTube videos corresponding to each sequence and the dance name can be downloaded from here (2.6 GB).