This release replaces the previous annual and quarterly publications Control of Immigration Statistics and the annual British Citizenship, following a public consultation. Each topic now has its own entry, links to these related reports can be found under the "additional links" section. There are a range of measures that can be used to understand trends in immigration to the United Kingdom for work, for those people who are subject to immigration control. These include: issues of visas for entry clearance, providing information about those intending to come to the United Kingdom for work; work-related admissions data, providing information on migrants at the border; number of people allocated national insurance numbers, giving an indication of migrants entering the labour market; and estimates on non-EU immigration from the International Passenger Survey on migrants intending to stay for at least a year for work purposes. In addition, grants of (in-country) extensions of stay for work purposes provide information on migrants in-country, while work-related grants of settlement provides a measure of longer term migration.

This dataset is an analysis of the long-term migrant population of England and Wales by country of birth, passports held and other characteristics based on Census 2021.

Usual resident

A usual resident is anyone who on Census Day, 21 March 2021 was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

Country of birth

The country in which a person was born. The following country of birth classifications are used in this dataset:

• Country of birth 12a: Political groupings of countries by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Country of birth 190a: Individual countries. This classification includes geographical groupings for low volume countries.
• Country of birth (3 categories): These categories have been derived from country of birth 12a and include all UK countries in "Europe: United Kingdom", all EU countries in "Europe: EU countries" and all remaining countries including British Overseas territories in "Non-EU countries (including British Overseas)".

Country of birth classifications

Passports held

The country or countries that a person holds, or is entitled to hold, a passport for. Where a person recorded having more than one passport, they were counted only once, categorised in the following priority order: 1. UK passport, 2. Irish passport, 3. Other passport.

The following classifications were created for this dataset for comparability with other international migration releases:

• Passports held (4 categories): High level political groupings of passport held by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Passports held (12 categories): Political groupings of passport held by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Passports held (150 categories): Individual countries for passport held. This classification includes geographical groupings for low volume countries.

Alternate passports held classifications

Economic activity status

The economic activity status of a person on Census Day, 21 March 2021. The following classification was created for this dataset:

• Economic activity status (6 categories): These categories have been derived from the base classification to create employed, self-employed, unemployed (seeking work), economically inactive students and economically active other groups.

Students who are economically active are included in either the Employee, Self-employed, or Unemployed (Looking for work) category

Economic activity status classifications

Industry

The industry worked in for those in current employment. The following classification was used for this dataset:

• Industry (current) classification 22a

Industry classifications

UK residents by broad country of birth and citizenship groups, broken down by UK country, local authority, unitary authority, metropolitan and London boroughs, and counties. Estimates from the Annual Population Survey.

This release replaces the previous annual and quarterly publications Control of Immigration Statistics and the annual British Citizenship, following a public consultation. Each topic now has its own entry, links to these related reports can be found under the "additional links" section. There are a range of measures that can be used to understand trends in immigration to the United Kingdom for work, for those people who are subject to immigration control. These include: issues of visas for entry clearance, providing information about those intending to come to the United Kingdom for work; work-related admissions data, providing information on migrants at the border; number of people allocated national insurance numbers, giving an indication of migrants entering the labour market; and estimates on non-EU immigration from the International Passenger Survey on migrants intending to stay for at least a year for work purposes. In addition, grants of (in-country) extensions of stay for work purposes provide information on migrants in-country, while work-related grants of settlement provides a measure of longer term migration.

Abstract

This dataset, a product of the Trade Team - Development Research Group, is part of a larger effort in the group to measure the extent of the brain drain as part of the International Migration and Development Program. It measures international skilled migration for the years 1975-2000.

The methodology is explained in: "Tendance de long terme des migrations internationals. Analyse à partir des 6 principaux pays recerveurs", Cécily Defoort.

This data set uses the same methodology as used in the Docquier-Marfouk data set on international migration by educational attainment. The authors use data from 6 key receiving countries in the OECD: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK and the US.

It is estimated that the data represent approximately 77 percent of the world’s migrant population.

Bilateral brain drain rates are estimated based observations for every five years, during the period 1975-2000.

Geographic coverage

Australia, Canada, France, Germany, UK and US

Kind of data

Aggregate data [agg]

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 4 rows and is filtered where the books is A tolerant country? : immigrants, refugees and minorities in Britain. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

This table contains 25 series, with data for years 1955 - 2013 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...) Last permanent residence (25 items: Total immigrants; France; Great Britain; Total Europe ...).

United Kingdom UK: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data was reported at 13.201 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.125 % for 2010. United Kingdom UK: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data is updated yearly, averaging 8.939 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2015, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.201 % in 2015 and a record low of 6.392 % in 1990. United Kingdom UK: International Migrant Stock: % of Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.; ; United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.; Weighted average;

United Kingdom UK: Net Migration data was reported at 900,000.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 990,000.000 Person for 2012. United Kingdom UK: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 174,003.000 Person from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,030,075.000 Person in 2007 and a record low of -97,495.000 Person in 1982. United Kingdom UK: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the total number of immigrants less the annual number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens. Data are five-year estimates.; ; United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Sum;

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. This study aims to assess public opinion in general on the immigration issue and, in particular, the opinions of coloured people. Main Topics: Attitudinal/Behavioural Questions 1. National Sample Satisfaction/dissatisfaction with way Government is running country/Mr Callaghan as Prime Minister/Mrs Thatcher as Leader of opposition. Party most inclined to support, intended vote if there was a General Election. Most important problem facing Britain, which political party has best policies on certain issues (e.g. industrial relations, unemployment, immigration). Main problems facing area in which respondent lives (e.g. vandalism, racial prejudice, traffic, overcrowded housing), which of these is most in need of improvement, proportion of coloured to white people in area. Whether believes different races should be segregated, estimated number of coloured immigrants entering Britain in 1977 and attitude, whether immigration should be restricted and, if so, whether this should apply to relatives of people already living in Britain, whether agrees with Government promise to permit entry to all British passport holders. Attitude to repatriation with/without financial assistance and most appropriate sum, whether feels race relations are improving or deteriorating, whether making immigration a major issue at the next General Election will affect this, self-perceived degree of racial prejudice. Whether respondent would be more likely to vote Conservative at next Election if they promised to stop immigration. Agreement/disagreement with several statements concerning the National Front. Background Variables Age cohort, sex, social class, employment status, trade union membership,marital status, country of birth of respondent and parents, length of residence in UK/in locality, occupation of head of household, vote at last General Election. 2. Asian and West Indian Samples As above, with the addition of: Most important reasons for coming to Britain (e.g. better education, better job, better housing, political reasons), whether expectations have been/will be fulfilled, likes and dislikes about living in Britain, whether with hindsight would still have chosen to come to Britain. Whether visited country of birth/parents birthplace since arrival, whether would like to live there permanently. Background Variables As above, including: previous area of residence. 1.Interlocking quota sample (based on 1971 Census) from 118 constituencies 2.Quota sample of Asians from 26 constituencies selected (using 1971 Census) as having more than 2% origin in Asia Face-to-face interview

The purpose of this research was to find out what Polish immigrants do with the variation that exists in the English language around them. Do they attach social meanings to it? Do they pick it up and copy it? Or do they do something else? To find out, we collected and analysed language data from British-born and Polish-born adolescents living in Edinburgh and London. Polish immigrants included in the study use non-standard features of English but the patterns associated with their use are not the same as those found among UK-born adolescents. That is, Polish adolescents are not copying native speakers wholesale; they are re-interpreting variation in English. This finding has also recently been reported in work on dialect contact and long-term contact. Our project adds weight to the importance of this principle. This project investigates the phenomenon of integration among migrant pupils and aims to find out what happens to immigrants when they come to a new country. One way to examine this is by using sociolinguistic methods to study the language variety migrants acquire once they have settled in a country. To do this, the project investigates the acquisition and sociolinguistic variation of local and non-local non-standard linguistic features among pupils of Polish descent in schools in London and Edinburgh. The large group of newcomers from Poland represents a unique chance to conduct a comparative study in two locales with different local dialects. It will show how immersion in differing contexts of language variation influences migrants' speech. Sociolinguistic methods are used to document how migrant pupils speak, and compare them to a local control group of age-matched teenagers. This reveals where the linguistic features Polish pupils use come from. By studying pupils' language attitudes and the language norms they're aware of, researchers can find out about the motivations behind different patterns of language use. Attitudes may influence what linguistic features pupils use, and how they indicate through language who they are becoming. Linguistic production data were collected from 16 Polish migrants living in Edinburgh (8 males, 8 females) and 21 Polish adolescents living in London (8 males, 13 females). A comparable corpus of 21 Edinburgh and 24 London-born adolescents attending the same schools as the Polish adolescents was also collected to provide a benchmark for the types of ‘Edinburgh English’ and ‘London English’ to which these Polish adolescents are regularly exposed. Sociolinguistic face-to-face interviews were carried out between all participants and a female researcher from Edinburgh and London respectively. The primary tool used to elicit perception data was the Verbal Guise Technique (VGT). 8 university-educated females were recorded reading a short text about an animal rescue operation that was taken from Newsround (http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/uk/default.stm). Efforts were made to match the guise recordings for voice quality and speech rate but the guises all had different accents (representing Edinburgh English, London English Received Pronunciation, Scottish Standard English, Manchester English, Birmingham English, Newcastle English and Polish English). Subjective evaluations to these 8 guises were elicited from the adolescents using a semantic differential scale.

This table contains 32 series, with data for years 1956 - 1976 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2012-02-16. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Unit of measure (1 items: Persons ...) Geography (32 items: Outside Canada; Great Britain; France; Europe ...).

Denmark Number of Immigrants: Domestic: UK data was reported at 2,160.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,211.000 Person for 2016. Denmark Number of Immigrants: Domestic: UK data is updated yearly, averaging 2,173.000 Person from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2017, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,880.000 Person in 1999 and a record low of 983.000 Person in 1982. Denmark Number of Immigrants: Domestic: UK data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Denmark. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Denmark – Table DK.G007: Number of Immigrants: by Country.

This project investigated various routes of entry to the UK of labour migrants coming from a single source country. Additionally, face-to-face interviews were conducted with recruiters, experts and healthcare professionals involved in training and administration in the Philippines. A total of 73 transcripts were compiled, 19 from care home assistants/nurses, 19 from domestic workers, 18 from hospital nurses, 13 from Philippine fieldwork (including student nurses), 2 from UK based recruitment agencies, 1 from a migrant organisation and 1 from a UK care home. Data and literature on health worker emigration patterns were gathered from local research bodies. The mission of the Centre is to provide a strategic, integrated approach to understanding contemporary and future migration dynamics across sending areas and receiving contexts in the UK and EU. In 2003, Filipinos made up the largest and most visible group of internationally recruited nurses in the UK. Of roughly 13,000 overseas nationals registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) that year, around 5,600, or almost half, came from the Philippines. They also figured prominently in private care homes and in the provision of care in private households. While there are various nationalities contributing to the care workforce, this project narrowed its focus on care workers from the Philippines due to it being a sector that is heavily segmented by ‘race,’ nationality, as well as immigration status. Focusing on one nationality also allowed us to investigate various routes of entry in the UK of labour migrants coming from a single source country. Additionally, fieldwork was carried out in the Philippines between November and December 2004 in order to asses the effect of nursing and care work recruitment from the sending country perspective. A series of interviews were conducted with recruiters, academics, experts and healthcare professionals involved in training and administration. Data and literature on health worker emigration patterns were gathered from local research bodies. The following findings were observed: (1) Many care workers arrived in the UK via other countries, highlighting the wide scope of multinational recruitment agencies. (2) Filipino care workers arriving via Singapore and the Middle East tended to enter via student visas, but employers assigned them more work than their immigration status allowed (they worked 35-40 hours compared to the regulated 20 hours) (3) Nurses working in care homes experienced more difficulty applying for registration, and were in some cases discouraged by employers. (4) Regulatory conditions differ significantly between public and private care providers. Recruitment to private nursing homes is particularly unregulated. 73 face-to-face interviews were conducted and transcribed from 19 care home assistants/nurses, 19 domestic workers, 18 hospital nurses, 13 Philippine fieldwork (including student nurses), 2 UK based recruitment agencies, a migrant organisation and a UK care home. No sampling method was used, it was totally universe. Data and literature on health worker emigration patterns were gather from local research bodies.

This strand of research was carried out between January 2010 and October 2010 and focused on 61 interviews with the providers and users of East-Central European migrant labour. The fieldwork concentrated on the hospitality and food production and processing sectors and on case study areas in urban and rural England and Scotland. The aim of this part of the research was to gain an understating of employers’ and labour providers’ experiences of recruiting and employing East-Central European labour migrants. These sectors were selected as the focus of analysis because the Worker Registration Scheme indicates that A8 migrants predominantly engage in these parts of the economy. The project also investigated spatial, sectoral and temporal data from the Worker Registration Scheme. This showed that A8 migrants serve particular ‘functions’ in the UK, producing distinctive geographies of immigration. Explaining the uneven pattern of demand pointed to the differences, for example, between migrant labour deployed in the intensification of agricultural production and migrants used as flexible labour in construction. Analysis of the research evidence resulted in a new typology of recruitment and employment practices and a dynamic model of their spatial impacts. The research also shed light on how migrant labour is perceived and represented by UK employers. Theorisation of the knowledge practices of recruiters sheds new light on how cultural and social processes ‘produce’ and ‘reproduce’ migration geographies. This project explored labour market aspects of immigration flows , specifically A8 recruitment and employment patterns and how these changed between 2004 and the current recession. The research involved 70 interviews with labour providers (recruitment agencies) and users (employers) of migrant labour in the hospitality, food production and processing sectors across four UK study sites. This was complemented with a suite of interviews with policymakers, recruitment agencies and employers in Latvia. Since the accession of the A8 countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary and Estonia) to the European Union citizens from these countries have had the right to freely participate in the British labour market. As a consequence of significant disparities in earning potential, large numbers of A8 migrants have come to the UK, with nationals from these states constituting some of the largest foreign-born populations in the country. This cross-sectional (one-time) study consists of 61 transcripts from face-to-face interviews with organisations who supply (recruitment agencies) and employ (employers) in the hospitality and food production and processing sectors which were carried out across four rural and urban case study sites in England and Scotland between January and October 2010. Observation units were therefore 61 individual members of organisations that supply (recruitment companies) or use (employers) East-Central European migrant labour in the UK.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. Long-term care is an increasingly important sector of employment for migrant workers, both in the United Kingdom (UK) and in most immigrant-receiving countries. This study investigated the current and potential future demand for migrant carers in ageing societies; the experiences of migrant care workers, of their employers and of older people in residential and home care settings; and the implications of these findings for the social care and for migration policies. Focusing on the UK, it was one of four country studies conducted between 2007 and 2009 in the UK, Ireland, the USA and Canada. The research methodology included analysis of existing national data sources on the social care workforce, a postal and online survey of care organisations, collection of qualitative data from migrant care workers and older care users and projections of future demand for migrant workforce in older adult care. The dataset is drawn from a survey of organisations providing care services to older people in the UK carried out between January and June 2008. Surveyed employers were asked to regard as 'migrants' people who were born abroad. The questionnaire mainly included closed-end questions and focused on the structure of the workforce, the reasons for the reliance on migrant workers, the recruitment process, the management implications of the employment of migrant staff, and employer experiences with immigration regulations. Further information about the study is available from the COMPAS Migrant Care Workers in Ageing Societies UK web page.

Supplemental information files for article News consumption and immigration attitudes: a mixed methods approach

Existing research has shown that the media can influence public attitudes to immigration. While existing research provides insight into both quantitative and qualitative patterns of media coverage of immigration, research that links such coverage with audience attitudes is almost exclusively quantitative, often focused on the west, and are often single-country studies. We argue that the adoption of a mixed-methods approach to audiences of immigration news, combined with a comparative design and a focus on Eastern Europe – a region scoring lowest in the world in terms of migrant acceptance – can bring significant advances to knowledge in this area, leading to a more rounded understanding of how media come to shape immigration attitudes. To demonstrate this, we draw on a comparative, mixed-methods data set comprising representative population surveys (N=4,092), an expert survey (N=60), and qualitative interviews (N=120) conducted in four Eastern European countries. In contrast to existing research on Western Europe, we found significant variation in the links between attitudes to immigration and use of Public Service Media (PSM), with PSM consumption linked with more negative attitudes to immigration in some countries, and with more positive attitudes in others. Second, our results confirm that different attitudes to immigration are embedded in different qualitative understandings of immigration: while participants with more positive attitudes often adopted a more inclusive understanding of immigration, those with more negative attitudes adopted a narrower understanding. Third, we demonstrated the importance of family and acquaintances as trusted sources of information.