The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. Indexes are available for the U.S. and various geographic areas. Average price data for select utility, automotive fuel, and food items are also available. Prices for the goods and services used to calculate the CPI are collected in 75 urban areas throughout the country and from about 23,000 retail and service establishments. Data on rents are collected from about 43,000 landlords or tenants.

More information and details about the data provided can be found at http://www.bls.gov/cpi

Consumer Price Index CPI in the United States increased to 322.56 points in June from 321.46 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

Analysis of ‘🚊 Consumer Price Index’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/yamqwe/consumer-price-indexe on 13 February 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

About this dataset

9The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items (CPIAUCSL) is a measure of the average monthly change in the price for goods and services paid by urban consumers between any two time periods.(1) It can also represent the buying habits of urban consumers. This particular index includes roughly 88 percent of the total population, accounting for wage earners, clerical workers, technical workers, self-employed, short-term workers, unemployed, retirees, and those not in the labor force.(1)

The CPIs are based on prices for food, clothing, shelter, and fuels; transportation fares; service fees (e.g., water and sewer service); and sales taxes. Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas.(1) To calculate the index, price changes are averaged with weights representing their importance in the spending of the particular group. The index measures price changes (as a percent change) from a predetermined reference date.(1) In addition to the original unadjusted index distributed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also releases a seasonally adjusted index. The unadjusted series reflects all factors that may influence a change in prices. However, it can be very useful to look at the seasonally adjusted CPI, which removes the effects of seasonal changes, such as weather, school year, production cycles, and holidays.(1)

The CPI can be used to recognize periods of inflation and deflation. Significant increases in the CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of inflation, and significant decreases in CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of deflation. However, because the CPI includes volatile food and oil prices, it might not be a reliable measure of inflationary and deflationary periods. For a more accurate detection, the core CPI (Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food & Energy [CPILFESL]) is often used. When using the CPI, please note that it is not applicable to all consumers and should not be used to determine relative living costs.(1) Additionally, the CPI is a statistical measure vulnerable to sampling error since it is based on a sample of prices and not the complete average.(1)

Attribution: US. Bureau of Labor Statistics from The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

For more information on the consumer price indexes, see:

• (1) Bureau of Economic Analysis. “CPI Detailed Report.” 2013
• (2) Handbook of Methods
• (3) Understanding the CPI: Frequently Asked Questions

This dataset was created by Finance and contains around 900 samples along with Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers: All Items, Title:, technical information and other features such as: - Consumer Price Index For All Urban Consumers: All Items - Title: - and more.

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Consumer Price Index CPI in India increased to 194.20 points in June from 193 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - India Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This table contains 13 series, with data from 1949 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). Data are presented for the current month and previous four months. Users can select other time periods that are of interest to them.

Consumer price indexes (CPIs) are index numbers that measure changes in the prices of goods and services purchased or otherwise acquired by households, which households use directly, or indirectly, to satisfy their own needs and wants. In practice, most CPIs are calculated as weighted averages of the percentage price changes for a specified set, or ‘‘basket’’, of consumer products, the weights reflecting their relative importance in household consumption in some period. CPIs are widely used to index pensions and social security benefits. CPIs are also used to index other payments, such as interest payments or rents, or the prices of bonds. CPIs are also commonly used as a proxy for the general rate of inflation, even though they measure only consumer inflation. They are used by some governments or central banks to set inflation targets for purposes of monetary policy. The price data collected for CPI purposes can also be used to compile other indices, such as the price indices used to deflate household consumption expenditures in national accounts, or the purchasing power parities used to compare real levels of consumption in different countries.

In an effort to further coordinate and harmonize the collection of CPI data, the international organizations agreed that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) would assume responsibility for the international collection and dissemination of national CPI data. Under this data collection initiative, countries are reporting the aggregate all items index; more detailed indexes and weights for 12 subgroups of consumption expenditure (according to the so-called COICOP-classification), and detailed metadata. These detailed data represent a valuable resource for data users throughout the world and this portal would not be possible without the ongoing cooperation of all reporting countries. In this effort, the OECD collects and validates the data for their member countries, including accession and key partner countries, whereas the IMF takes care of the collection of data for all other countries.

Monthly indexes and percentage changes for major components and special aggregates of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), not seasonally adjusted, for Canada, provinces, Whitehorse, Yellowknife and Iqaluit. Data are presented for the corresponding month of the previous year, the previous month and the current month. The base year for the index is 2002=100.

Purpose and brief description The consumer price index is an economic indicator whose main task is to objectively reflect the price evolution over time for a basket of goods and services purchased by households and considered representative of their consumer habits. The index does not necessarily measure the price level of this basket for a specific period of time, but rather the fluctuation between two periods, the first one acting as basis for comparison. Moreover, this difference in the price level is not measured in absolute, but in relative terms. The consumer price index can be determined as a hundred times the ratio between the observed prices of a range of goods and services at a given time and the prices of the same goods and services, observed under the same circumstances during the reference period, chosen as basis for comparison. Price observations always take place in the same regions. Since 2014, the consumer price index has been a chain index in which the weighting reference period is regularly shifted and prices and quantities are no longer compared between the current period and a fixed reference period, but the current period is compared with an intermediate period. By multiplying these short-term indices, and so creating a chain, we get a long-term series with a fixed reference period. Population Belgian private households Data collection method and possible sampling Survey technique applied using a computer, based on the use of electronic questionnaires and laptops. Frequency Monthly. Timing of publication The results are available on the penultimate working day of the reference period. Definitions Weight (CPI): The weight represents the importance of the goods and services included in the CPI in the total expenditure patterns of the households. Weights are determined based on the household budget survey. Consumer price index (CPI): The consumer price index is an economic indicator whose main task is to objectively reflect the price evolution over time for a basket of goods and services purchased by households and considered representative of their consumer habits. Health index: The health index is derived from the consumer price index and has been published since January 1994. The current value of this index is determined by removing a number of products from the consumer price index product basket, in particular alcoholic beverages (bought in a shop or consumed in a bar), tobacco products and motor fuels except for LPG. Inflation: Inflation is defined as the ratio between the value of the consumer price index of a given month and the index of the same month the year before. Therefore, inflation measures the rhythm of the evolution of the overall price level. Consumer price index without petroleum products: This index is calculated by removing the following products from the consumer price index: butane, propane, liquid fuels and motor fuels. Consumer price index without energy products: This index is calculated by removing the following products from the consumer price index: electricity, natural gas, butane, propane, liquid fuels, solid fuels and motor fuels. Smoothed index: The smoothed health index, also called smoothed index (the average value of the health indexes of the last 4 months) is used as a basis for the indexation of retirement pensions, social security benefits and some salaries and wages. Public wages and social benefits are indexed as soon as the smoothed index reaches a given value, called the central index. The smoothed index is also called moving average. In order to perform a 2% index jump (laid down in the Law of 23 April 2015 on employment promotion), the smoothed health index has been temporarily blocked at its value of March 2015 (100.66). The smoothed health index was then reduced by 2% from April 2015. When the reduced smoothed health index (also called the reference index) had increased again by 2% or in other words when it had exceeded the value of 100.66, the index was no longer blocked. It occurred in April 2016. Since April 2016 the smoothed health index is calculated in the same manner as the reference index and therefore corresponds to the arithmetical mean of the health indexes of the last 4 months multiplied by a factor of 0.98. The central index is a predetermined threshold value against which the smoothed health index is compared. If the central index is reached or exceeded, there is an indexation of the wages and salaries or benefits. This indexation is proportional to the percentage between the old and the new central index. For the public sector and social benefits, the difference between the central indices always amounts to 2 %. Therefore, a 2 % indexation is applied every time the central index is reached. There are also collective labour agreements according to which the difference between the central indices amounts to 1 % or 1.5 %. The reaching of a central index then leads to an indexation of 1 % or 1,5 %. See also: https://bosa.belgium.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Pakistan increased to 271.94 points in July from 264.22 points in June of 2025. This dataset provides - Pakistan Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Clothing and Footwear data was reported at 90.467 2020=100 in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 95.092 2020=100 for 2021. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Clothing and Footwear data is updated yearly, averaging 119.871 2020=100 from Dec 1985 (Median) to 2022, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 167.358 2020=100 in 1997 and a record low of 53.850 2020=100 in 1985. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Clothing and Footwear data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.OECD.MEI: Consumer Price Index: COICOP 1999: OECD Member: Annual. The CPI measures the change in prices which consumer pay for fixed market basket of consumption goods and services. Price coverage: Prices include applicable taxes (VAT) and fees on the products at the time of sale. Cash payments are the basis for the price survey. Monthly installment payment and credit card interest are excluded. Price collection procedure: The data collection methods are adapted according to the specific characteristics of the CPI classes. The main price surveys are: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI), conducted by the CBS staff at the central office; Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) by field collectors with handheld personal computers (HPC) and Direct Data Entry (DDE) into the database. Also for some special items Internet is used either in parallel with CAPI or as a part of DDE collection. The CPI includes a measure of rented housing Owner Occupied Housing (OOH) is included in the CPI and is calculated using rental equivalent method. The method for imputation of OOH is based on stratified average prices of contracts that are subject to renewal. In order to reduce variance in the monthly series, two month moving averages are compared each month. However, the method for OOH still leaves room for quality differences to play role in month-to-month average price changes. The method relies on successful stratification of apartments to groups whose relative price changes are as similar as possible. While the stratification is based on apartment location and number of rooms, some quality characteristics may experience month-to-month variation. Treatment of own account production is not included Goods and services sold illegally, second hand goods, goods and services partially or totally subsidized by the government and financial transactions are not included. Insurance: Insurance of personal transport and Health insurance (private and provided by the Government) are included. Treatment of missing items: Price changes for missing observations are imputed based on the price movements of other observations of the same item. Selection of replacement items: Products that become permantely unavailable are replaced in the sample and enumerators select a replacement possessing as many of the same quality characteristics as possible. Prices from previous period are sought for the replacement item for linking purpose. Treatment of quality change: There are two types of replacement approach: comparable and non-comparable. If a new product possesses the previously defined important characteristics of the old product, the new product is defined as comparable and a minor quality change is regarded as price change. Otherwise, if a significant quality change is introduced, the new product is defined as not comparable. The breakage in price series is treated by the linking method. Explicit quality adjustments are usually not performed. Hedonic methods are being considered but not yet implemented. In some cases, where the product cycle is short and new versions with improved quality characteristics are frequently introduced, the overlap method may give biased estimates. Introduction of new products: New items are introduced when the market basket is updated. New products are introduced into the sample as they gain significant market share. Business and professional periodicles are closely followed to gain information on new products that are gaining consumer demand. Seasonal items: Missing prices for seasonal products are imputed. Certain procedures are in place to avoid too early reintroduction of seasonal products back to the index. For price changes a bridge method is used when the items are reintroduced to the collection. Index series are also calculated and released in seasonally adjusted form.; Index series starts in November 1985

🏳️‍🌈 International Organization English The FAOSTAT monthly Food CPI and General CPI database was based on the ILO CPI data until December 2014. In 2014, IMF-ILO-FAO agreed to transfer global CPI data compilation from ILO to IMF. Upon agreement, CPIs for all items and its sub components originates from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the UN Statistics Division(UNSD) for countries not covered by the IMF. However, due to a limited time coverage from IMF and UNSD for a number of countries, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Central Bank of Western African States (BCEAO), Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB), UNdata, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and national statistical office website data are used for missing historical data from IMF and UNSD food CPI. The FAO CPI dataset for all items(or general CPI) and the Food CPI, consists of a complete and consistent set of time series from January 2000 onwards. Data gaps on monthly Food CPI and General CPI are filled using statistical estimation procedures to have full data coverage for all countries for Food CPI and for General CPI. These indices measure the price change between the current and reference periods of the average basket of goods and services purchased by households. The General CPI is typically used to measure and monitor inflation, set monetary policy targets, index social benefits such as pensions and unemployment benefits, and to escalate thresholds and credits in the income tax systems and wages in public and private wage contracts. The FAOSTAT monthly Food CPI inflation rates are annual year-over-year inflation or percentage change over corresponding month of the previous year. The data included in Data360 is a subset of the data available from the source. Please refer to the source for complete data and methodology details. This collection includes only a subset of indicators from the source dataset.

Consumer Price Index CPI in Egypt decreased to 254.20 points in June from 254.50 points in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Egypt Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Education data was reported at 106.367 2020=100 in Dec 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 105.300 2020=100 for Sep 2022. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Education data is updated quarterly, averaging 77.483 2020=100 from Mar 1985 (Median) to Dec 2022, with 152 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 106.367 2020=100 in Dec 2022 and a record low of 3.167 2020=100 in Mar 1985. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Education data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.OECD.MEI: Consumer Price Index: COICOP 1999: OECD Member: Quarterly. The CPI measures the change in prices which consumer pay for fixed market basket of consumption goods and services. Price coverage: Prices include applicable taxes (VAT) and fees on the products at the time of sale. Cash payments are the basis for the price survey. Monthly installment payment and credit card interest are excluded. Price collection procedure: The data collection methods are adapted according to the specific characteristics of the CPI classes. The main price surveys are: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI), conducted by the CBS staff at the central office; Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) by field collectors with handheld personal computers (HPC) and Direct Data Entry (DDE) into the database. Also for some special items Internet is used either in parallel with CAPI or as a part of DDE collection. The CPI includes a measure of rented housing Owner Occupied Housing (OOH) is included in the CPI and is calculated using rental equivalent method. The method for imputation of OOH is based on stratified average prices of contracts that are subject to renewal. In order to reduce variance in the monthly series, two month moving averages are compared each month. However, the method for OOH still leaves room for quality differences to play role in month-to-month average price changes. The method relies on successful stratification of apartments to groups whose relative price changes are as similar as possible. While the stratification is based on apartment location and number of rooms, some quality characteristics may experience month-to-month variation. Treatment of own account production is not included Goods and services sold illegally, second hand goods, goods and services partially or totally subsidized by the government and financial transactions are not included. Insurance: Insurance of personal transport and Health insurance (private and provided by the Government) are included. Treatment of missing items: Price changes for missing observations are imputed based on the price movements of other observations of the same item. Selection of replacement items: Products that become permantely unavailable are replaced in the sample and enumerators select a replacement possessing as many of the same quality characteristics as possible. Prices from previous period are sought for the replacement item for linking purpose. Treatment of quality change: There are two types of replacement approach: comparable and non-comparable. If a new product possesses the previously defined important characteristics of the old product, the new product is defined as comparable and a minor quality change is regarded as price change. Otherwise, if a significant quality change is introduced, the new product is defined as not comparable. The breakage in price series is treated by the linking method. Explicit quality adjustments are usually not performed. Hedonic methods are being considered but not yet implemented. In some cases, where the product cycle is short and new versions with improved quality characteristics are frequently introduced, the overlap method may give biased estimates. Introduction of new products: New items are introduced when the market basket is updated. New products are introduced into the sample as they gain significant market share. Business and professional periodicles are closely followed to gain information on new products that are gaining consumer demand. Seasonal items: Missing prices for seasonal products are imputed. Certain procedures are in place to avoid too early reintroduction of seasonal products back to the index. For price changes a bridge method is used when the items are reintroduced to the collection. Index series are also calculated and released in seasonally adjusted form.; Index series starts in November 1985

Georgia Core Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY data was reported at 2.328 % in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.436 % for Mar 2025. Georgia Core Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY data is updated monthly, averaging 2.824 % from Jan 2010 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 184 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.214 % in Nov 2015 and a record low of -0.756 % in Feb 2013. Georgia Core Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Statistics Office of Georgia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Georgia – Table GE.I013: Core Consumer Price Index: YoY. Core inflation is calculated by excluding the following groups of goods and services from the consumer basket: food and non-alcoholic beverages, energy, regulated tariffs, transport (specific tariffs).

Representative items within the Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers' housing costs, Consumer Prices Index and Retail Prices Index for the basket of goods and services.

The Regional Price Index contrasts the cost of a common basket of goods and services at a number of regional locations to the Perth metropolitan area. The RPIs were commissioned to assist with the calculation of the Western Australian State Government’s regional district allowance, and it has been used to assist in policy decision-making. Show full description

Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Miscellaneous Goods and Services data was reported at 103.833 2020=100 in Dec 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 103.500 2020=100 for Sep 2022. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Miscellaneous Goods and Services data is updated quarterly, averaging 75.167 2020=100 from Mar 1985 (Median) to Dec 2022, with 152 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 103.833 2020=100 in Dec 2022 and a record low of 6.133 2020=100 in Mar 1985. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Miscellaneous Goods and Services data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.OECD.MEI: Consumer Price Index: COICOP 1999: OECD Member: Quarterly. The CPI measures the change in prices which consumer pay for fixed market basket of consumption goods and services. Price coverage: Prices include applicable taxes (VAT) and fees on the products at the time of sale. Cash payments are the basis for the price survey. Monthly installment payment and credit card interest are excluded. Price collection procedure: The data collection methods are adapted according to the specific characteristics of the CPI classes. The main price surveys are: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI), conducted by the CBS staff at the central office; Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) by field collectors with handheld personal computers (HPC) and Direct Data Entry (DDE) into the database. Also for some special items Internet is used either in parallel with CAPI or as a part of DDE collection. The CPI includes a measure of rented housing Owner Occupied Housing (OOH) is included in the CPI and is calculated using rental equivalent method. The method for imputation of OOH is based on stratified average prices of contracts that are subject to renewal. In order to reduce variance in the monthly series, two month moving averages are compared each month. However, the method for OOH still leaves room for quality differences to play role in month-to-month average price changes. The method relies on successful stratification of apartments to groups whose relative price changes are as similar as possible. While the stratification is based on apartment location and number of rooms, some quality characteristics may experience month-to-month variation. Treatment of own account production is not included Goods and services sold illegally, second hand goods, goods and services partially or totally subsidized by the government and financial transactions are not included. Insurance: Insurance of personal transport and Health insurance (private and provided by the Government) are included. Treatment of missing items: Price changes for missing observations are imputed based on the price movements of other observations of the same item. Selection of replacement items: Products that become permantely unavailable are replaced in the sample and enumerators select a replacement possessing as many of the same quality characteristics as possible. Prices from previous period are sought for the replacement item for linking purpose. Treatment of quality change: There are two types of replacement approach: comparable and non-comparable. If a new product possesses the previously defined important characteristics of the old product, the new product is defined as comparable and a minor quality change is regarded as price change. Otherwise, if a significant quality change is introduced, the new product is defined as not comparable. The breakage in price series is treated by the linking method. Explicit quality adjustments are usually not performed. Hedonic methods are being considered but not yet implemented. In some cases, where the product cycle is short and new versions with improved quality characteristics are frequently introduced, the overlap method may give biased estimates. Introduction of new products: New items are introduced when the market basket is updated. New products are introduced into the sample as they gain significant market share. Business and professional periodicles are closely followed to gain information on new products that are gaining consumer demand. Seasonal items: Missing prices for seasonal products are imputed. Certain procedures are in place to avoid too early reintroduction of seasonal products back to the index. For price changes a bridge method is used when the items are reintroduced to the collection. Index series are also calculated and released in seasonally adjusted form.; Index series starts in November 1985

Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Communication data was reported at 91.100 2020=100 in Dec 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 91.733 2020=100 for Sep 2022. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Communication data is updated quarterly, averaging 135.667 2020=100 from Mar 1985 (Median) to Dec 2022, with 152 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 161.333 2020=100 in Jun 2011 and a record low of 17.967 2020=100 in Mar 1985. Israel IL: Consumer Price Index (CPI): Local Source Base Year: Communication data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.OECD.MEI: Consumer Price Index: COICOP 1999: OECD Member: Quarterly. The CPI measures the change in prices which consumer pay for fixed market basket of consumption goods and services. Price coverage: Prices include applicable taxes (VAT) and fees on the products at the time of sale. Cash payments are the basis for the price survey. Monthly installment payment and credit card interest are excluded. Price collection procedure: The data collection methods are adapted according to the specific characteristics of the CPI classes. The main price surveys are: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI), conducted by the CBS staff at the central office; Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) by field collectors with handheld personal computers (HPC) and Direct Data Entry (DDE) into the database. Also for some special items Internet is used either in parallel with CAPI or as a part of DDE collection. The CPI includes a measure of rented housing Owner Occupied Housing (OOH) is included in the CPI and is calculated using rental equivalent method. The method for imputation of OOH is based on stratified average prices of contracts that are subject to renewal. In order to reduce variance in the monthly series, two month moving averages are compared each month. However, the method for OOH still leaves room for quality differences to play role in month-to-month average price changes. The method relies on successful stratification of apartments to groups whose relative price changes are as similar as possible. While the stratification is based on apartment location and number of rooms, some quality characteristics may experience month-to-month variation. Treatment of own account production is not included Goods and services sold illegally, second hand goods, goods and services partially or totally subsidized by the government and financial transactions are not included. Insurance: Insurance of personal transport and Health insurance (private and provided by the Government) are included. Treatment of missing items: Price changes for missing observations are imputed based on the price movements of other observations of the same item. Selection of replacement items: Products that become permantely unavailable are replaced in the sample and enumerators select a replacement possessing as many of the same quality characteristics as possible. Prices from previous period are sought for the replacement item for linking purpose. Treatment of quality change: There are two types of replacement approach: comparable and non-comparable. If a new product possesses the previously defined important characteristics of the old product, the new product is defined as comparable and a minor quality change is regarded as price change. Otherwise, if a significant quality change is introduced, the new product is defined as not comparable. The breakage in price series is treated by the linking method. Explicit quality adjustments are usually not performed. Hedonic methods are being considered but not yet implemented. In some cases, where the product cycle is short and new versions with improved quality characteristics are frequently introduced, the overlap method may give biased estimates. Introduction of new products: New items are introduced when the market basket is updated. New products are introduced into the sample as they gain significant market share. Business and professional periodicles are closely followed to gain information on new products that are gaining consumer demand. Seasonal items: Missing prices for seasonal products are imputed. Certain procedures are in place to avoid too early reintroduction of seasonal products back to the index. For price changes a bridge method is used when the items are reintroduced to the collection. Index series are also calculated and released in seasonally adjusted form.; Index series starts in November 1985