30 Year Mortgage Rate in the United States decreased to 6.23 percent in November 26 from 6.26 percent in the previous week. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States 30 Year Mortgage Rate.

Fixed 30-year mortgage rates in the United States averaged 6.40 percent in the week ending November 21 of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States MBA 30-Yr Mortgage Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This dataset provides insights into the global housing market, covering various economic factors from 2015 to 2024. It includes details about property prices, rental yields, interest rates, and household income across multiple countries. This dataset is ideal for real estate analysis, financial forecasting, and market trend visualization.

📑 Column Descriptions

This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...).

Mortgage rates surged at an unprecedented pace in 2022, with the average 10-year fixed rate doubling between March and December of that year. In response to mounting inflation, the Bank of England implemented a series of rate hikes, pushing borrowing costs steadily higher. By October 2025, the average 10-year fixed mortgage rate stood at **** percent. As financing becomes more expensive, housing demand has cooled, weighing on market sentiment and slowing house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold fell significantly in 2023, dipping to just above *** million transactions. This contraction in activity also dampened mortgage lending. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans declined year-on-year for five consecutive quarters. Even as rates eased modestly in 2024 and housing activity picked up slightly, volumes remained well below the highs recorded in 2021. How are higher mortgages impacting homebuyers? For homeowners, the impact is being felt most acutely as fixed-rate deals expire. Mortgage terms in the UK typically range from two to ten years, and many borrowers who locked in historically low rates are now facing significantly higher repayments when refinancing. By the end of 2026, an estimated five million homeowners will see their mortgage deals expire. Roughly two million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026, putting additional pressure on household budgets and constraining affordability across the market.

Context

The Federal Reserve sets interest rates to promote conditions that achieve the mandate set by the Congress — high employment, low and stable inflation, sustainable economic growth, and moderate long-term interest rates. Interest rates set by the Fed directly influence the cost of borrowing money. Lower interest rates encourage more people to obtain a mortgage for a new home or to borrow money for an automobile or for home improvement. Lower rates encourage businesses to borrow funds to invest in expansion such as purchasing new equipment, updating plants, or hiring more workers. Higher interest rates restrain such borrowing by consumers and businesses.

Content

This dataset includes data on the economic conditions in the United States on a monthly basis since 1954. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate. The effective federal funds rate is determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate; the target rate transitioned to a target range with an upper and lower limit in December 2008. The real gross domestic product is calculated as the seasonally adjusted quarterly rate of change in the gross domestic product based on chained 2009 dollars. The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed as a seasonally adjusted percentage of the labor force. The inflation rate reflects the monthly change in the Consumer Price Index of products excluding food and energy.

Acknowledgements

The interest rate data was published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' economic data portal. The gross domestic product data was provided by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis; the unemployment and consumer price index data was provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Inspiration

How does economic growth, unemployment, and inflation impact the Federal Reserve's interest rates decisions? How has the interest rate policy changed over time? Can you predict the Federal Reserve's next decision? Will the target range set in March 2017 be increased, decreased, or remain the same?

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 1.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

🏦 Synthetic Loan Approval Dataset

A Realistic, High-Quality Dataset for Credit Risk Modelling

🎯 Why This Dataset?

Most loan datasets on Kaggle have unrealistic patterns where:

1. ❌ Credit scores don't matter
2. ❌ Approval logic is backwards
3. ❌ Models learn nonsense patterns

Unlike most loan datasets available online, this one is built on real banking criteria from US and Canadian financial institutions. Drawing from 3 years of hands-on finance industry experience, the dataset incorporates realistic correlations and business logic that reflect how actual lending decisions are made. This makes it perfect for data scientists looking to build portfolio projects that showcase not just coding ability, but genuine understanding of credit risk modelling.

📊 Dataset Overview

🔑 Key Features

Identifier:

-Customer ID (unique identifier for each application)

Demographics:

-Age, Occupation Status, Years Employed

Financial Profile:

-Annual Income, Credit Score, Credit History Length -Savings/Assets, Current Debt

Credit Behaviour:

-Defaults on File, Delinquencies, Derogatory Marks

Loan Request:

-Product Type, Loan Intent, Loan Amount, Interest Rate

Calculated Ratios:

-Debt-to-Income, Loan-to-Income, Payment-to-Income

💡 What Makes This Dataset Special?

1️⃣ Real-World Approval Logic The dataset implements actual banking criteria: - DTI ratio > 50% = automatic rejection - Defaults on file = instant reject - Credit score bands match real lending thresholds - Employment verification for loans ≥$20K

2️⃣ Realistic Correlations - Higher income → Better credit scores - Older applicants → Longer credit history - Students → Lower income, special treatment for small loans - Loan intent affects approval (Education best, Debt Consolidation worst)

3️⃣ Product-Specific Rules - Credit Cards: More lenient, higher limits - Personal Loans: Standard criteria, up to $100K - Line of Credit: Capped at $50K, manual review for high amounts

4️⃣ Edge Cases Included - Young applicants (age 18) building first credit - Students with thin credit files - Self-employed with variable income - High debt-to-income ratios - Multiple delinquencies

🎓 Perfect For - Machine Learning Practice: Binary classification with real patterns - Credit Risk Modelling: Learn actual lending criteria - Portfolio Projects: Build impressive, explainable models - Feature Engineering: Rich dataset with meaningful relationships - Business Analytics: Understand financial decision-making

📈 Quick Stats

Approval Rates by Product - Credit Card: 60.4% more lenient) - Personal Loan: 46.9 (standard) - Line of Credit: 52.6% (moderate)

Loan Intent (Best → Worst Approval Odds) 1. Education (63% approved) 2. Personal (58% approved) 3. Medical/Home (52% approved) 4. Business (48% approved) 5. Debt Consolidation (40% approved)

Credit Score Distribution - Mean: 644 - Range: 300-850 - Realistic bell curve around 600-700

Income Distribution - Mean: $50,063 - Median: $41,608 - Range: $15K - $250K

🎯 Expected Model Performance

With proper feature engineering and tuning: - Accuracy: 75-85% - ROC-AUC: 0.80-0.90 - F1-Score: 0.75-0.85

Important: Feature importance should show: 1. Credit Score (most important) 2. Debt-to-Income Ratio 3. Delinquencies 4. Loan Amount 5. Income

If your model shows different patterns, something's wrong!

🏆 Use Cases & Projects

Beginner - Binary classification with XGBoost/Random Forest - EDA and visualization practice - Feature importance analysis

Intermediate - Custom threshold optimization (profit maximization) - Cost-sensitive learning (false positive vs false negative) - Ensemble methods and stacking

Advanced - Explainable AI (SHAP, LIME) - Fairness analysis across demographics - Production-ready API with FastAPI/Flask - Streamlit deployment with business rules

⚠️ Important Notes

This is SYNTHETIC Data - Generated based on real banking criteria - No real customer data was used - Safe for public sharing and portfolio use

Limitations - Simplified approval logic (real banks use 100+ factors) - No temporal component (no time series) - Single country/currency assumed (USD) - No external factors (economy, market conditions)

Educational Purpose This dataset is designed for: - Learning credit risk modeling - Portfolio projects - ML practice - Understanding lending criteria

NOT for: - Actual lending decisions - Financial advice - Production use without validation

🤝 Contributing

Found an issue? Have suggestions? - Open an issue on GitHub - Suggest i...

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

DESCRIPTION

Create a model that predicts whether or not a loan will be default using the historical data.

Problem Statement:

For companies like Lending Club correctly predicting whether or not a loan will be a default is very important. In this project, using the historical data from 2007 to 2015, you have to build a deep learning model to predict the chance of default for future loans. As you will see later this dataset is highly imbalanced and includes a lot of features that make this problem more challenging.

Domain: Finance

Analysis to be done: Perform data preprocessing and build a deep learning prediction model.

Content:

Dataset columns and definition:

credit.policy: 1 if the customer meets the credit underwriting criteria of LendingClub.com, and 0 otherwise.

purpose: The purpose of the loan (takes values "credit_card", "debt_consolidation", "educational", "major_purchase", "small_business", and "all_other").

int.rate: The interest rate of the loan, as a proportion (a rate of 11% would be stored as 0.11). Borrowers judged by LendingClub.com to be more risky are assigned higher interest rates.

installment: The monthly installments owed by the borrower if the loan is funded.

log.annual.inc: The natural log of the self-reported annual income of the borrower.

dti: The debt-to-income ratio of the borrower (amount of debt divided by annual income).

fico: The FICO credit score of the borrower.

days.with.cr.line: The number of days the borrower has had a credit line.

revol.bal: The borrower's revolving balance (amount unpaid at the end of the credit card billing cycle).

revol.util: The borrower's revolving line utilization rate (the amount of the credit line used relative to total credit available).

inq.last.6mths: The borrower's number of inquiries by creditors in the last 6 months.

delinq.2yrs: The number of times the borrower had been 30+ days past due on a payment in the past 2 years.

pub.rec: The borrower's number of derogatory public records (bankruptcy filings, tax liens, or judgments).

Steps to perform:

Perform exploratory data analysis and feature engineering and then apply feature engineering. Follow up with a deep learning model to predict whether or not the loan will be default using the historical data.

Tasks:

1. Feature Transformation

Transform categorical values into numerical values (discrete)

1. Exploratory data analysis of different factors of the dataset.

2. Additional Feature Engineering

You will check the correlation between features and will drop those features which have a strong correlation

This will help reduce the number of features and will leave you with the most relevant features

1. Modeling

After applying EDA and feature engineering, you are now ready to build the predictive models

In this part, you will create a deep learning model using Keras with Tensorflow backend

Mortgage Rate in Sweden decreased to 2.80 percent in September from 2.84 percent in August of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Sweden Average Interest Rate on New Agreements for Mortgages to Households.

Dataset underlying the Seniors First reverse mortgage comparison widget. Displays indicative rate types, features, and eligibility details for multiple Australian reverse-mortgage providers. Data is aggregated and refreshed periodically for consumer education.

This dataset was generated from a public earning's call (press release article). And used to generate examples of the way real humans would speak regarding the matters in the article, within real world scenarios. Here they are below:

Here are the linguistic variations for each of the queries in the dataset, based on the example article provided:

Here are five examples related to strong average loan growth in US Personal Banking (#5):

1. Mortgage Loans: An increase in demand for mortgage loans contributed to the strong average loan growth in US Personal Banking. Customers taking advantage of low interest rates led to a surge in mortgage applications and approvals.

2. Auto Loans: Robust consumer spending and increased car sales led to higher demand for auto loans, contributing to the strong loan growth in US Personal Banking. Customers seeking financing options for purchasing vehicles played a significant role in this growth.

3. Personal Loans: The availability of personal loans with favorable terms and competitive interest rates attracted borrowers, resulting in strong average loan growth in US Personal Banking. Customers availed personal loans for various purposes such as home improvements, debt consolidation, or financing other personal expenses.

4. Small Business Loans: US Personal Banking also witnessed strong loan growth due to increased lending to small businesses. As entrepreneurs and small business owners sought capital for expansion, equipment purchases, or working capital, the demand for small business loans rose, contributing to the growth.

5. Student Loans: The higher education sector continued to rely on student loans to finance tuition fees and related expenses. With the increasing cost of education, a rise in student loan applications and approvals contributed to the strong average loan growth in US Personal Banking.

General Queries Query: "What was the revenue for Personal Banking and Wealth Management (PBWM) in the last quarter?"

Variation 1: "What were the PBWM revenues in the previous quarter?" Variation 2: "Can you provide the revenue figure for PBWM in the last quarter?" Variation 3: "How much revenue did PBWM generate in the last quarter?" Variation 4: "What was the total revenue for PBWM in the most recent quarter?" Variation 5: "Could you tell me the revenue earned by PBWM in the last quarter?" Query: "What were the revenue figures for different divisions under US Personal Banking?"

Variation 1: "Can you provide the revenue breakdown for various divisions within US Personal Banking?" Variation 2: "What were the revenues generated by the different divisions in US Personal Banking?" Variation 3: "How did the revenue distribution look across different divisions in US Personal Banking?" Variation 4: "What were the individual revenue figures for each division within US Personal Banking?" Variation 5: "Could you give me a breakdown of the revenues for different divisions in US Personal Banking?" Query: "How did operating expenses change for PBWM?"

Variation 1: "What was the change in operating expenses for PBWM?" Variation 2: "Were there any fluctuations in the operating expenses of PBWM?" Variation 3: "How did the operating expenses for PBWM evolve over the specified period?" Variation 4: "Can you provide insights into the changes in operating expenses for PBWM?" Variation 5: "What was the percentage change in operating expenses for PBWM?" Query: "What factors contributed to the increase in PBWM's cost of credit?"

Variation 1: "What were the drivers behind the rise in PBWM's cost of credit?" Variation 2: "Which factors influenced the increase in PBWM's cost of credit?" Variation 3: "Can you identify the elements that led to the higher cost of credit for PBWM?" Variation 4: "What were the contributing factors to the cost of credit escalation in PBWM?" Variation 5: "What were the key reasons behind the growth in PBWM's cost of credit?" Query: "What led to the decrease in PBWM's net income?"

Variation 1: "What were the factors responsible for the decline in PBWM's net income?" Variation 2: "Can you identify the causes of the reduction in PBWM's net income?" Variation 3: "What influenced the decrease in net income for PBWM?" Variation 4: "Were there specific drivers that contributed to the decline in PBWM's net income?" Variation 5: "What were the primary reasons behind the decrease in PBWM's net income?" These linguistic variations provide different ways to ask the same questions, allowing for a more diverse and robust training dataset for the chatbot.

Here are the extracted entities from the provided article:

Account Line Entities:

Revenues Operating expenses Cost of credit Net income Business Line Entities:

Personal Banking and Wealth Management (PBWM) Branded Cards Retail Services Retail Banking Global Wealth Management Markets Banking Investment Banking Corporate Lending...

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Canada was last recorded at 2.25 percent. This dataset provides - Canada Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Mexico was last recorded at 7.25 percent. This dataset provides - Mexico Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in China was last recorded at 3 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - China Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This case study aims to give you an idea of applying EDA in a real business scenario. In this case study, apart from applying the techniques that you have learnt in the EDA module, you will also develop a basic understanding of risk analytics in banking and financial services and understand how data is used to minimize the risk of losing money while lending to customers.

Business Understanding: The loan providing companies find it hard to give loans to the people due to their insufficient or non-existent credit history. Because of that, some consumers use it as their advantage by becoming a defaulter. Suppose you work for a consumer finance company which specialises in lending various types of loans to urban customers. You have to use EDA to analyse the patterns present in the data. This will ensure that the applicants capable of repaying the loan are not rejected.

When the company receives a loan application, the company has to decide for loan approval based on the applicant’s profile. Two types of risks are associated with the bank’s decision:

If the applicant is likely to repay the loan, then not approving the loan results in a loss of business to the company. If the applicant is not likely to repay the loan, i.e. he/she is likely to default, then approving the loan may lead to a financial loss for the company. The data given below contains the information about the loan application at the time of applying for the loan. It contains two types of scenarios:

The client with payment difficulties: he/she had late payment more than X days on at least one of the first Y instalments of the loan in our sample All other cases: All other cases when the payment is paid on time. When a client applies for a loan, there are four types of decisions that could be taken by the client/company:

Approved: The company has approved loan application Cancelled: The client cancelled the application sometime during approval. Either the client changed her/his mind about the loan or in some cases due to a higher risk of the client he received worse pricing which he did not want. Refused: The company had rejected the loan (because the client does not meet their requirements etc.). Unused Offer: Loan has been cancelled by the client but on different stages of the process. In this case study, you will use EDA to understand how consumer attributes and loan attributes influence the tendency of default.

Business Objectives: It aims to identify patterns which indicate if a client has difficulty paying their installments which may be used for taking actions such as denying the loan, reducing the amount of loan, lending (to risky applicants) at a higher interest rate, etc. This will ensure that the consumers capable of repaying the loan are not rejected. Identification of such applicants using EDA is the aim of this case study.

In other words, the company wants to understand the driving factors (or driver variables) behind loan default, i.e. the variables which are strong indicators of default. The company can utilize this knowledge for its portfolio and risk assessment.

To develop your understanding of the domain, you are advised to independently research a little about risk analytics – understanding the types of variables and their significance should be enough).

Data Understanding: Download the Dataset using the link given under dataset section on the right.

application_data.csv contains all the information of the client at the time of application. The data is about wheather a client has payment difficulties. previous_application.csv contains information about the client’s previous loan data. It contains the data whether the previous application had been Approved, Cancelled, Refused or Unused offer. columns_descrption.csv is data dictionary which describes the meaning of the variables. You are required to provide a detailed report for the below data record mentioning the answer to the questions that follows:

Present the overall approach of the analysis. Mention the problem statement and the analysis approach briefly Indentify the missing data and use appropriate method to deal with it. (Remove columns/or replace it with an appropriate value) Hint: Note that in EDA, since it is not necessary to replace the missing value, but if you have to replace the missing value, what should be the approach. Clearly mention the approach. Identify if there are outliers in the dataset. Also, mention why do you think it is an outlier. Again, remember that for this exercise, it is not necessary to remove any data points. Identify if there is data imbalance in the data. Find the ratio of data imbalance. Hint: Since there are a lot of columns, you can run your analysis in loops for the appropriate columns and find the insights. Explain the results of univariate, segmented univariate, bivariate analysis, etc. in business terms. Find the top 10 c...

Forecast mean total loan outlay per higher education undergraduate student, by course start year and number of years of funding across 2021/22 to 2026/27

Mortgage Rate in Australia decreased to 5.51 percent in September from 5.52 percent in August of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Australia Mortgage Rate.