A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of an U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The map is scanned at a minimum resolution of 250 dots per inch. DRG's are created by scanning published paper maps on high-resolution scanners. The raster image is georeferenced and fit to the UTM projection. Colors are standardized to remove scanner limitations and artifacts. The average data set size is about 6 megabytes in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) with PackBits compression. DRG's can be easily combined with other digital cartographic products such as digital elevation models (DEM) and digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQ). DRG's are stored as rectified TIFF files in geoTIFF format. GeoTIFF is a relatively new TIFF image storage format that incorporates georeferencing information in the header. This allows software, such as ArcView, ARC/INFO, or EPPL7 to reference the image without an additional header or world file. Within the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Core GIS data set the DRG's have been processed to be in compliance with departmental data standards (UTM Extended Zone 15, NAD83 datum) and the map collar information has been removed to facilitate the display of the DRG's in a seamless fashion. These DRG's were clipped and transformed to UTM Zone 15 using EPPL7 Raster GIS.

DRGs are a useful backdrop for mapping a variety of features. Colors representing various items in the image (contours, urban areas, vegetation, etc.) can be turned off or highlighted depending on the mapping application. In ArcView this is done by choosing the "Colormap" option when editing the DRG theme's legend. A variety of other ArcView tools exist to make working with DRGs easier.

Also included:
Metadata for the scanned USGS 24k Topograpic Map Series (also known as 24k Digital Raster Graphic). Each scanned map is represented by a polygon in the layer and the map date, photo revision date, and photo interpretation date are found in the corresponding attribute record. This layer facilitates searching for DRGs which were created or revised on or between particular dates. Also useful for ascertaining when a particular map sheet was created.

A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of an U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The map is scanned at a minimum resolution of 250 dots per inch.

DRG's are created by scanning published paper maps on high-resolution scanners. The raster image is georeferenced and fit to the UTM projection. Colors are standardized to remove scanner limitations and artifacts. The average data set size is about 6 megabytes in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) with PackBits compression. DRG's can be easily combined with other digital cartographic products such as digital elevation models (DEM) and digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQ).

DRG's are stored as rectified TIFF files in geoTIFF format. GeoTIFF is a relatively new TIFF image storage format that incorporates georeferencing information in the header. This allows software, such as ArcView, ARC/INFO, or EPPL7 to reference the image without an additional header or world file.

Within the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Core GIS data set the DRG's have been processed to be in compliance with departmental data standards (UTM Extended Zone 15, NAD83 datum) and the map collar information has been removed to facilitate the display of the DRG's in a seamless fashion.

These DRG's were clipped and transformed to UTM Zone 15 using EPPL7 Raster GIS.

The New York State Departments of Environmental Conservation and Health are concerned about groundwater contamination in the carbonate-bedrock aquifers with the potential to host karst features throughout New York State, especially relating to the unintended introduction of chemical or agricultural contamination into these aquifers. USGS Scientific Investigations Report, SIR 2020-5030 (Kappel and others, 2020), provides local and State regulators and the public the information needed to determine the extent of carbonate bedrock in New York, the associated environmental impacts of karst, and the means to protect New York’s karst water resources. The four geodatabases presented in this data release were compiled in support of SIR 2020-5030. Closed depression-focused recharge is one potential pathway for aquifer contamination. A closed depression is any enclosed area that has no surface drainage outlet and from which water escapes only by evaporation or subsurface drainage. On a topographic map a closed depression is typically represented by a hachured contour line forming a closed loop. The map representation applies to closed depressions of both natural and anthropogenic origin. Closed depressions formed by natural processes need not be karst in origin to represent a source of focused-recharge. Three of the four geodatabases in this data release form a comprehensive inventory of all closed depressions, natural and anthropogenic, within the State which are proximal to carbonate, evaporite, or marble units and that have the potential for developing karst features. The fourth geodatabase in this data release contains a digital representation of the study area boundary adopted for the GIS analyses. The three closed depression inventory geodatabases were compiled in the following order: 1) Digital Contour Database of Closed Depressions, 2) Digital Raster Graphic Database of Closed Depressions, and 3) LiDAR Database of Closed Depressions. There is no duplication of features among these three geodatabases. Additionally, the closed depressions inventoried for this data release, were compared with closed depressions mapped in other published geospatial data to eliminate duplication with those datasets. The datasets referenced were the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Mining Database and the National Hydrography Dataset waterbody features. The Digital Contour Database of Closed Depressions contains features derived from data associated with U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5167. The source data is a statewide contour dataset that was generated from the National Elevation Dataset (NED) and the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) in a fully automated process. Closed depressions included in the Digital Raster Graphic Database of Closed Depressions were digitized from an assemblage of approximately 650 Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) images of scanned U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale topographic maps. A DRG is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey topographic map that can be added as a background layer in a GIS. The LiDAR Database of Closed Depressions contains features generated from high-resolution LiDAR-derived bare-earth DEMs obtained from the New York State Office of Information Technology Services. At the time of analysis (2017) LiDAR data existed for approximately 65 percent of the study area. The DEMs were processed to identify depressions with an area of at least 4,047 square meters (1-acre) and a depth of at least 1-meter. These threshold values are greater than what is typically used for lidar-based sinkhole identification studies. For the purpose of this study, the use of lidar was primarily intended to identify closed depressions that were not represented in the Digital Raster Graphic Database, in the same manner that the DRG images were used to identify closed depressions not represented in the Digital Contour Database. For that reason, the threshold values were based on random sampling of DRG-derived closed depressions within the study area and represent the approximate mean geometric characteristics of the closed depressions sampled. For ongoing and planned larger-scale county-based assessments in New York, the thresholds will be reduced to 10- and 30-centimeters depth and 100 square meters.

A digital raster graphic (DRG) is a scanned image of an U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) standard series topographic map, including all map collar information. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The map is scanned at a minimum resolution of 250 dots per inch.

DRG's are created by scanning published paper maps on high-resolution scanners. The raster image is georeferenced and fit to the UTM projection. Colors are standardized to remove scanner limitations and artifacts. The average data set size is about 6 megabytes in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) with PackBits compression. DRG's can be easily combined with other digital cartographic products such as digital elevation models (DEM) and digital orthophoto quadrangles (DOQ).

DRG's are stored as rectified TIFF files in geoTIFF format. GeoTIFF is a relatively new TIFF image storage format that incorporates georeferencing information in the header. This allows software, such as ArcView, ARC/INFO, or EPPL7 to reference the image without an additional header or world file.

Within the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Core GIS data set the DRG's have been processed to be in compliance with departmental data standards (UTM Extended Zone 15, NAD83 datum) and the map collar information has been removed to facilitate the display of the DRG's in a seamless fashion.

These DRG's were clipped and transformed to UTM Zone 15 using EPPL7 Raster GIS.

The MO_vincolo_archeo_poi_6 feature class represents elements subject to archaeological constraints - acquired from the map of constraints, of the public domains of collective properties in a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV (Territorial Landscape Environmental Plan of Vast Area) maps are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The feature class MO_qualit_natur_fis_poly_3 - represents the natural qualitative elements of physical interest - area type - elements acquired from the map of the qualitative characteristics of the territory on a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV maps (Piano Territoriale Landscape Enviromental di Vasta Area) are a series of maps themes drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

Original provider: Wildlife Conservation Society

Dataset credits: Wildlife Conservation Society

Abstract: The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has digitally captured the Townsend Whaling Charts that were published as a series of 4 charts with the article titled "The distribution of certain whales as shown by logbook records of American whale ships" by Charles Haskins Townsend in the journal Zoologica in 1935. The 4 charts show the locations of over 50,000 captures of 4 whale species; sperm whales (36,908), right whales (8,415), humpback whales (2,883) and bowhead whales (5,114). Capture locations were transcribed from North American (“Yankee”) pelagic whale vessel log books dating from 1761 to 1920 and plotted onto nautical charts in a Mercator projection by a cartographer. Each point plotted on the charts represents the location of a whaling ship on a day when one or more whales were taken and is symbolized by month of the year using a combination of color and open and closed circles. Townsend and his cartographer plotted vessel locations as accurately as possible according to log book records. When plotting locations on an earlier sperm whale chart published in 1931 the cartographer spaced points where locations were very dense, "extending areas slightly" for a number of whaling grounds. However, for charts in preparation at this time, Townsend states that "this difficulty is avoided by omitting some of the data, rather than extend the ground beyond actual whaling limits." We assumed that this statement refers to the 1935 charts but there is still some question as to whether the cartographer did in fact space locations and thus expand whaling grounds.

Purpose: This dataset provides point features that represent the historical locations of right whale catches taken by North American pelagic whaling vessels between 1761 to 1920. Points were derived from 4 charts that were first scanned on a large format scanner at a resolution of 200 dpi. The charts were then georeferenced in the native projection of the charts, the Mercator projection, using GIS software (ESRI ArcView 3.2). Each vessel capture location plotted on the charts was then digitized as a point feature and attributed with the month of capture. One GIS file (ESRI shapefile) was then created for each whale species represented by the charts; sperm whale, right whale, humpback whale and bowhead whale.

Digitizing errors include missed points, particularly from areas of dense chart locations, and incorrect assignment of month of capture because of difficulty distinguishing between chart colors. However to limit these errors multiple checks of digitized and chart locations were made and color enhancements of chart scans were used to ensure correct month assignments. Overall we are confident that at least 95% of catch locations have been digitized and that at least 95% of month attributes are correct.

For full resolution digital copies of the Townsend charts please contact Gillian Woolmer (gwoolmer@wcs.org).

Supplemental information: [2023-01-31] The year of the date was changed from 1913 to 1849, the midpoint of the time range of the data.

WCS digitized the Townsend whaling charts in 2002 using ArcView 3.2 from ESRI. The information WCS has captured for each point location is the whale species (based on the chart) and the month, based on the chart point symbol. Exact dates and number of whales taken was not possible to determine. Right whale captures were separated into northern and southern right whale species, based on their geographic location.

Since time, count, day, and year were not available, "00:00:00," 1, 1, and 1913 were used, respectively. Only month is available.

Georeferenced (to WGS1984) and cropped set of about 555 historic maps of Burma at a scale of 1 inch per two miles (1:126,720) covering most of the country. Those topographic maps, originally produced and published by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India between 1878 and 1949, have been scanned and shared with the public as "Old Survey Of India Maps” Community under a CC BY 4.0 International Licence.

Each of the map sheet scans was georeferenced using the Latitude-Longitude corner coordinates in Everest 1830 projection. Those map sheets were cropped, keeping only the map area - to allow a seamless mosaic without the mapframe overlapping adjacent map sheets when several map sheets are put together in a GIS. Those cropped map sheets were projected from Everest 1830 to WGS1984 (EPSG:4326) - standard GPS - projection to make them easier to use and combine with other GIS data.

Many grid cells in this dataset are covered by 2 versions of map sheets - those with hill shade and only lat-lon grid and those without hill shade and featuring a LCC map grid.

Those map sheets can be loaded directly in any GIS such as QGIS or ESRI ArcGIS.

• The mm_HI_JBv2024_epsg4326 folder contains the cropped end georeferenced map sheets in jpg-format as well as accompagning georeference and metadata incl.
  
  • The mm_HI_JBv2024_epsg4326_kmlLinks contains a KML file for each map sheet facilitating their easy use in Google Earth byt linking them the georeferenced map sheet file located in the mm_HI_JBv2024_epsg4326 folder.
  • The mm_historicHI_EPSG4326.gdb contains three ESRI mosaic datasets to easily load all mapsheets, only mapheets with hillshading and lat-lon grid and only "regular" mapsheets without hillshading and LCC grid into ArcGIS
• The mm_HI_JBv2024_scanMaps folder contains the uncropped original map scans (renamed though) in jpg-format.
• The mm_historicTopoHI_JBv2024 is a masterlist cataloguing all map sheets for easier use and matching them with the original source files as shared via the "Old Survey Of India Maps” Community (e.g. to identify new mapsheets should new maps be released)

All georeferenced map scans are based on maps shared as part of the "Old Survey Of India Maps” via Zenodo. Links to each file can be found in the above mentined excel file and most can be also accessed through the zenodo repository below.

• https://zenodo.org/records/8040798 (128k Maps of South Asia, version 4, Published May 3, 2023)

The file naming convention is to first give the number of the 4 degree x 4 degree block followed by the letter (A to P) of the sixteen 1 degree x 1 degree blocks in each 4 degree block eg. 38 D, and this is followed by the cardinal direction letters (NE, NW, SE, SW) to indicate the 30x30 minutes sized map position in the 1 degree block.

This Number - Letter - Cardinal direction letter designation is followed by the year of the edition, followed by the map series type either HI-hs (hillshaded) or HI-reg (regular), followed by the map sheet title/name.

The original files as shared as part of the "Old Survey Of India Maps” have been renamed to further standardize the file naming, sometimes correcting them and to make them unique in the case several editions of the same map sheet were available.

Lineage: This version (1.01, Upload 2024-08-20) has some file attributes fixed.

This layer presents detectable thermal activity from MODIS satellites for the last 7 days. MODIS Global Fires is a product of NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data. EOSDIS integrates remote sensing and GIS technologies to deliver global MODIS hotspot/fire locations to natural resource managers and other stakeholders around the World.Consumption Best Practices: As a service that is subject to Viral loads (very high usage), avoid adding Filters that use a Date/Time type field. These queries are not cacheable and WILL be subject to Rate Limiting by ArcGIS Online. To accommodate filtering events by Date/Time, we encourage using the included "Age" fields that maintain the number of Days or Hours since a record was created or last modified compared to the last service update. These queries fully support the ability to cache a response, allowing common query results to be supplied to many users without adding load on the service.When ingesting this service in your applications, avoid using POST requests, these requests are not cacheable and will also be subject to Rate Limiting measures.Source: NASA FIRMS - Active Fire Data - for WorldScale/Resolution: 1kmUpdate Frequency: 1/2 Hour (every 30 minutes) using the Aggregated Live Feed MethodologyArea Covered: WorldWhat can I do with this layer?The MODIS thermal activity layer can be used to visualize and assess wildfires worldwide. However, it should be noted that this dataset contains many “false positives” (e.g., oil/natural gas wells or volcanoes) since the satellite will detect any large thermal signal.Additional InformationMODIS stands for MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The MODIS instrument is on board NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. The orbit of the Terra satellite goes from north to south across the equator in the morning and Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon resulting in global coverage every 1 to 2 days. The EOS satellites have a ±55 degree scanning pattern and orbit at 705 km with a 2,330 km swath width.It takes approximately 2 – 4 hours after satellite overpass for MODIS Rapid Response to process the data, and for the Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) to update the website. Occasionally, hardware errors can result in processing delays beyond the 2-4 hour range. Additional information on the MODIS system status can be found at MODIS Rapid Response.Attribute InformationLatitude and Longitude: The center point location of the 1km (approx.) pixel flagged as containing one or more fires/hotspots (fire size is not 1km, but variable). Stored by Point Geometry. See What does a hotspot/fire detection mean on the ground?Brightness: The brightness temperature measured (in Kelvin) using the MODIS channels 21/22 and channel 31.Scan and Track: The actual spatial resolution of the scanned pixel. Although the algorithm works at 1km resolution, the MODIS pixels get bigger toward the edge of the scan. See What does scan and track mean?Date and Time: Acquisition date of the hotspot/active fire pixel and time of satellite overpass in UTC (client presentation in local time). Stored by Acquisition Date.Acquisition Date: Derived Date/Time field combining Date and Time attributes.Satellite: Whether the detection was picked up by the Terra or Aqua satellite.Confidence: The detection confidence is a quality flag of the individual hotspot/active fire pixel.Version: Version refers to the processing collection and source of data. The number before the decimal refers to the collection (e.g. MODIS Collection 6). The number after the decimal indicates the source of Level 1B data; data processed in near-real time by MODIS Rapid Response will have the source code “CollectionNumber.0”. Data sourced from MODAPS (with a 2-month lag) and processed by FIRMS using the standard MOD14/MYD14 Thermal Anomalies algorithm will have a source code “CollectionNumber.x”. For example, data with the version listed as 5.0 is collection 5, processed by MRR, data with the version listed as 5.1 is collection 5 data processed by FIRMS using Level 1B data from MODAPS.Bright.T31: Channel 31 brightness temperature (in Kelvins) of the hotspot/active fire pixel.FRP: Fire Radiative Power. Depicts the pixel-integrated fire radiative power in MW (MegaWatts). FRP provides information on the measured radiant heat output of detected fires. The amount of radiant heat energy liberated per unit time (the Fire Radiative Power) is thought to be related to the rate at which fuel is being consumed (Wooster et. al. (2005)).DayNight: The standard processing algorithm uses the solar zenith angle (SZA) to threshold the day/night value; if the SZA exceeds 85 degrees it is assigned a night value. SZA values less than 85 degrees are assigned a day time value. For the NRT algorithm the day/night flag is assigned by ascending (day) vs descending (night) observation. It is expected that the NRT assignment of the day/night flag will be amended to be consistent with the standard processing.Hours Old: Derived field that provides age of record in hours between Acquisition date/time and latest update date/time. 0 = less than 1 hour ago, 1 = less than 2 hours ago, 2 = less than 3 hours ago, and so on.RevisionsJune 22, 2022: Added 'HOURS_OLD' field to enhance Filtering data. Added 'Last 7 days' Layer to extend data to match time range of VIIRS offering. Added Field level descriptions.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

This dataset is a compilation of forest insect, disease and abiotic damage mapped by aerial detection surveys on forested areas in California and Surrounding Areas. Low-level flights, typically 1,000 to 2,000 feet above ground level, are used to map forest damage. Observers use Digital Mobile Sketchmap Systems DMSM upon which they record the damage. The digital system uses GPS to display the plane's current location on screen along with an electronic version of a variety of base maps. It allows the observer to record damage areas directly in a GIS database. Due to the nature of aerial surveying, there may be areas within the delineated polygons that are unaffected. For example, an area with a patchy mosaic of forest insect activity may be recorded as one larger polygon by the observer. During aerial surveys, only fading trees (those with yellow, brown, or red foliage) or those with some defoliation are mapped. Older dead trees which have lost their foliage or have dull colored foliage are not typically mapped for two primary reasons: 1) it is harder to see older dead trees that may have lost their needles and 2) it prevents recording trees that were mapped in a prior year's survey. Overview surveys are a 'snap shot' in time and therefore may not be timed to accurately capture the true extent or severity of a particular disturbance activity. Specially designed surveys with modified flight patterns and timing may be conducted to more accurately delineate the extent and severity of a particular disturbance agent. Special surveys are conducted when resources are available to address situations of sufficient economic, political or environmental importance.In 2022, aerial detection surveys (ADS) were flown by 3 surveyors between July and October, surveying ~39.6 million acres of forested land in California. Additionally, field staff conducted spot ground checks on selected points and polygons to verify host and agent.

This dataset was used for the purpose of estimating the change in vegetation amount over time in Wyoming.

 Dataset: North American Landscape Characterization Landsat Multi Spectral
 Scanner (MSS) Triplicates. Complete coverage for Wyoming, 15 scenes. MSS has 79
 m by 79m instantaneous field of view, data were resampled to 60m by 60m, and
 geometrically corrected to a UTM projection 1:100,000 map scale. The aerial
 extent of each scene is 185 km swath by 170 km along-track; however, orbit
 differences between Landsats 1, 2 and 3 and Landsats 4 and 5 reduce the size of
 each scene. Also available as a dataset is change of NDVI (see below). Images
 and change in NDVI are in georeferenced TIFF format. Changes corrected for
 precipitation variability will be available in the future.

 What the dataset was used for: to estimate the change in vegetation amount over
 time in Wyoming. We used three Landsat Multi Spectral Scanner (MSS) images, one
 from the early-to-mid 1970s, one from the mid 1980s, and one from the early
 1990s. Vegetation amount is determined from the Normalized Difference
 Vegetation Index, defined as (Band 4 - Band 2)/(Band 4 + Band 2), where Band 4
 covers near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths from 0.8 to 1.1 Fm and Band 2 covers red
 wavelengths from 0.6 to 0.7 Fm. NDVI saturates with one-sided leaf area indices
 (LAI) of 4 and higher; however, this is not a problem for Wyoming grasslands
 and shrublands have low LAI. NDVI varies from -1 to 1, and are converted into
 digital numbers (DN) by: 100 (NDVI+1), so the DN varies from 0 to 200.

 Change detection is estimated as the NDVI(1990) - 0.5[NDVI(1980) - NDVI(1970)]
 for each image, except for areas covered with snow, clouds, and shadows caused
 by clouds. If two dates were available for these areas, we subtracted the NDVI
 of the earlier date from the NDVI of the later date. The dates of acquisition
 were usually collected towards the end of the growing season, and usually
 during years of drought (for example: 1992, 1985, 1972). We have developed an
 algorithm using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from
 the EROS Data Center to adjust NDVIs to average precipitation amounts, but
 these corrections were not applied to this dataset.

1977 Delta Habitat Types were made digital by heads up digitizing registered scanned pages from 1979 Delta Environmental Atlas, produced by USACE. "The Habitat Types & Vegetation section delineates on 1 inch to 1000 foot scale aerial photographs the habitat types found in the Delta, described according to the classification system of the US Fish & Wildlife Service. Thirteen habitat types are defined in this Atlas. The system was based on a USFWS for its national wetland mapping program....The system was modified to include those terrestrial habitats, such as upland, agriculture, and urban, which were not included in the USFWS system. In addition, an open water classification was used in place of the USFWS river classification where the bottom type could not be identified." -excerpts from the 1979 USACE Delta Environmental Atlas, 7/1979. Digital images were clipped prior to warping to reduce risk of error during processing due to excess background. Digital clipped images were registered to USGS DOQQ's in ArcView 3.x(ESRI) utilizing Imagewarp 2.x extension. 23 October, 2002. Projection: UTM meters zone 10, nad 83. Accuracy within acceptable 7.5 Minute USGS map accuracy standards (1:24000 scale). For this set, the minimum number of control points used was 6 with an average of 8 to 9 points used. The pixel size for this set is 5.0 feet per pixel. User notes about the accuracy of this dataset (J Dudas, 1/24/2003): The goal of this project was to produce positionally accurate polygons which preserved the polygon areas/shapes as indicated in the Atlas plates. Chico State registered the scans to UTM Zone 10/NAD83, but it was clear that the scans had all sorts of distortions in them for a couple of fundamental reasons. The original Corps Atlas maps appear to have been produced by a fairly rough mosaicking, and as a result do not always correspond particularly well with DOQQs. Furthermore, the warping in the photos appears to get worse near the edges of the source photos, which suggests to me that the original photos were used in their entirety, rather than clipped, in effect a sidelap/overlap of 0%. As a result, the polygons were modified to reflect where some of these areas appeared in the 1993 DOQQs, for example, a channel island or a stretch of forest. In other words, the Corps Atlas polys were used to produce the shape geometry, and then the 1993 DOQQs provided the base for the actual poly locations. This will explain the positional offset seen between these polys and the scanned Atlas photos.

Topographic sheets (t-sheets) produced by the National Ocean Service (NOS) during the 1800s provide the position of past shorelines. The shoreline data can be vectorized into a geographic information system (GIS) and compared to modern shoreline data to calculate estimates of long-term shoreline rates of change. Many t-sheets were scanned and digitized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are available on the NOAA Shoreline website (https://shoreline.noaa.gov/data/datasheets/t-sheets.html). However, some t-sheets were not scanned by NOAA and are only available via the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The data included within this data release were previously unavailable or not published in digital format. These data were produced to provide a more comprehensive record of shoreline position for Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, to aid geologic and coastal hazards studies. This data release includes previously unavailable georeferenced t-sheets and digital vector shorelines for the Fire Island and Great South Bay, New York, coastline from 1834, 1838, and 1874/1875. The original t-sheets were scanned by the NARA-authorized vendor and sent to the Unites States Geological Survey St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC) as non-georeferenced digital raster files. Upon arrival at the SPCMSC, USGS staff performed the following procedures: rasters were georeferenced, projected to a modern datum, and shorelines were digitized to create a vector polyline depicting the historical shoreline position. The t-sheets included in this data release are: 1) T-479a, T-479b, T-1 (Parts 2 and 3) (1834); 2) T-58 (Parts 1 and 2) (1838); 3) T-1374a, T-1374b, T-1375a, T-1375b (1874); and 4) T-1402 (1875). All shorelines, including the ocean-facing barrier island shoreline, back-barrier island shoreline, mainland and islands were digitized. Please read the full metadata for details on data collection, dataset variables, and data quality.

The MO_geomorphological_poi_5 feature class represents the point-type geomorphological elements - acquired from the geomorphological map at a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV (Territorial Landscape Environmental Plan of Vast Area) maps are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The MO_interventi_antrop_poly_6 feature class represents the areas of anthropic intervention - elements acquired from the land degradation map on a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV (Territorial Landscape Environmental Plan of Large Area) maps are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, they are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The MO_geolitologica_poly_1 feature class represents the areal geolithological elements acquired from the geolithological map at a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV (Territorial Landscape Environmental Plan of Vast Area) maps are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The MO_car_percettivi_poly_7 feature class represents the elements of the areal-type perceptive characteristics acquired from the perceptive character map of the territory on a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV (Territorial Landscape Environmental Plan of Vast Area) maps are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, they are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The MO_amb_vis_el_percett_poly_6 feature class represents the visual spheres and perceptual elements - polygons - acquired from the map of visual spheres and perceptual elements on a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV maps (Piano Territoriale Landscape Enviromental di Vasta Area) are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, they are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The MO_car_interes_percett_lin_6 feature class represents the characteristics of perceptual interest - elements acquired from the map of the characteristics of the territory on a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV (Territorial Landscape Environmental Plan of Vast Area) maps are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, they are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.

The MO_trasform_prior_poi_2 feature class represents the elements of the priority transformations acquired from the priority transformability map on a scale of 1:25 000. The PTPAAV maps (Piano Territoriale Paese Ambientale di Vasta Area) are a series of thematic maps drawn up since 1989 and finished and approved at the end of November 1991, are divided into territorial areas for a total of 8 areas identified on the regional territory. The work was carried out by various groups of technicians, a coordination group which established through circulars the standards to be used for the drafting of the plans which ranged from the thickness of the tip of the graph to the type of screen and the shades to be used, and 8 groups one for each area, who created the maps trying to standardize the territorial information as much as possible. The hard copy of this work was delivered to us in 2008 by the Environmental Heritage Office of the Molise Region. The latter already had scans of some thematic maps relating to some areas, the missing ones and in the case of scans that were not suitable for georeferencing, they were scanned. The cartographic basis used by the working groups for the creation of the PTPAAV maps was the IGM in 1:25,000 scale.