The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Context

The Federal Reserve sets interest rates to promote conditions that achieve the mandate set by the Congress — high employment, low and stable inflation, sustainable economic growth, and moderate long-term interest rates. Interest rates set by the Fed directly influence the cost of borrowing money. Lower interest rates encourage more people to obtain a mortgage for a new home or to borrow money for an automobile or for home improvement. Lower rates encourage businesses to borrow funds to invest in expansion such as purchasing new equipment, updating plants, or hiring more workers. Higher interest rates restrain such borrowing by consumers and businesses.

Content

This dataset includes data on the economic conditions in the United States on a monthly basis since 1954. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate. The effective federal funds rate is determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate; the target rate transitioned to a target range with an upper and lower limit in December 2008. The real gross domestic product is calculated as the seasonally adjusted quarterly rate of change in the gross domestic product based on chained 2009 dollars. The unemployment rate represents the number of unemployed as a seasonally adjusted percentage of the labor force. The inflation rate reflects the monthly change in the Consumer Price Index of products excluding food and energy.

Acknowledgements

The interest rate data was published by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis' economic data portal. The gross domestic product data was provided by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis; the unemployment and consumer price index data was provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Inspiration

How does economic growth, unemployment, and inflation impact the Federal Reserve's interest rates decisions? How has the interest rate policy changed over time? Can you predict the Federal Reserve's next decision? Will the target range set in March 2017 be increased, decreased, or remain the same?

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in Russia was last recorded at 16.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Russia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Source is Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/"NAME OF MEASURE" Column names are "Name of Measure" from FRED's catalog.

Group 1: Yield Curve Indicators These focus on the shape of the Treasury yield curve, comparing longer-term to shorter-term rates. They are primarily used to: Signal Economic Expectations: A normal curve (longer-term rates higher) suggests expectations of growth and possibly inflation. A flattening or inverted curve (short-term rates near or above long-term) could signal a potential slowdown or recession.

Group 2: Monetary Policy and Market Expectations These spreads look at the difference between Treasury yields and the Federal Funds Rate, the primary tool of monetary policy. They indicate: Market vs. Fed Outlook: Widening spreads could suggest the market expects faster rate hikes or higher long-term inflation than the Fed is signaling. Narrowing spreads could mean the opposite. Risk-Taking: When these spreads widen, it can be a sign of investors moving from safe Treasuries to riskier assets in search of yield.

Group 3: Credit Risk and Market Sentiment These spreads focus on corporate bond yields relative to Treasuries, highlighting the added compensation investors require for holding riskier corporate debt. They signal: Credit Conditions: Widening spreads suggest deteriorating credit conditions or lower risk tolerance among investors. Narrowing spreads suggest the opposite. Economic Confidence: Investors often demand higher premiums for corporate bonds during economic uncertainty, widening these spreads.

Group 4: Breakeven Inflation Rates The breakeven inflation rate represents a measure of expected inflation derived from 30-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Securities (BC_30YEAR) and 30-Year Treasury Inflation-Indexed Constant Maturity Securities (TC_30YEAR). The latest value implies what market participants expect inflation to be in the next 30 years, on average.

Monthly and long-term United States Interest Rate data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

The benchmark interest rate in Brazil was last recorded at 15 percent. This dataset provides - Brazil Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

U.S. Economic and Financial Dataset

Dataset Description

This dataset combines historical U.S. economic and financial indicators, spanning the last 50 years, to facilitate time series analysis and uncover patterns in macroeconomic trends. It is designed for exploring relationships between interest rates, inflation, economic growth, stock market performance, and industrial production.

Key Features

• Frequency: Monthly
• Time Period: Last 50 years from Nov-24
• Sources:
  • Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED)
  • Yahoo Finance

Dataset Feature Description

1. Interest Rate (Interest_Rate):

   • The effective federal funds rate, representing the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds overnight.

2. Inflation (Inflation):

   • The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, an indicator of inflation trends.

3. GDP (GDP):

   • Real GDP measures the inflation-adjusted value of goods and services produced in the U.S.

4. Unemployment Rate (Unemployment):

   • The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking work.

5. Stock Market Performance (S&P500):

   • Monthly average of the adjusted close price, representing stock market trends.

6. Industrial Production (Ind_Prod):

   • A measure of real output in the industrial sector, including manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Dataset Statistics

1. Total Entries: 599
2. Columns: 6
3. Memory usage: 37.54 kB
4. Data types: float64

Feature Overview

• Columns:
  • Interest_Rate: Monthly Federal Funds Rate (%)
  • Inflation: CPI (All Urban Consumers, Index)
  • GDP: Real GDP (Billions of Chained 2012 Dollars)
  • Unemployment: Unemployment Rate (%)
  • Ind_Prod: Industrial Production Index (2017=100)
  • S&P500: Monthly Average of S&P 500 Adjusted Close Prices

Executive Summary

This project explores the interconnected dynamics of key macroeconomic indicators and financial market trends over the past 50 years, leveraging data from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) and Yahoo Finance. The dataset integrates critical variables such as the Federal Funds Rate, Inflation (CPI), Real GDP, Unemployment Rate, Industrial Production, and the S&P 500 Index, providing a holistic view of the U.S. economy and financial markets.

The analysis focuses on uncovering relationships between these variables through time-series visualization, correlation analysis, and trend decomposition. Key findings are included in the Insights section. This project serves as a robust resource for understanding long-term economic trends, policy impacts, and market behavior. It is particularly valuable for students, researchers, policymakers, and financial analysts seeking to connect macroeconomic theory with real-world data.

Potential Use Cases

• Economic Analysis: Examine relationships between interest rates, inflation, GDP, and unemployment.
• Stock Market Prediction: Study how macroeconomic indicators influence stock market trends.
• Time Series Modeling: Perform ARIMA, VAR, or other models to forecast economic trends.
• Cyclic Pattern Analysis: Identify how economic shocks and recoveries impact key indicators.

Snap of Power Analysis

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1b40e0ca-7d2e-4fbc-8cfd-df3f09e4fdb8">

To ensure sufficient power, the dataset covers last 50 years of monthly data i.e., around 600 entries.

Key Insights derived through EDA, time-series visualization, correlation analysis, and trend decomposition

• Interest Rate and Inflation Dynamics: The interest Rate and inflation exhibit an inverse relationship, especially during periods of aggressive monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve.
• Economic Growth and Market Performance: GDP growth and the S&P 500 Index show a positive correlation, reflecting how market performance often aligns with overall economic health.
• Labor Market and Industrial Output: Unemployment and industrial production demonstrate a strong inverse relationship. Higher industrial output is typically associated with lower unemployment
• Market Behavior During Economic Shocks: The S&P 500 experienced sharp declines during significant crises, such as the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. These events also triggered increased unemployment and contractions in GDP, highlighting the interplay between markets and the broader economy.
• Correlation Highlights: S&P 500 and GDP have a strong positive correlation. Interest rates negatively correlate with GDP and inflation, reflecting monetary policy impacts. Unemployment is negatively correlated with industrial production but positively correlated with interest rates.

Link to GitHub Repo

https:/...

The benchmark interest rate in Sweden was last recorded at 1.75 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Sweden Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Dominican Republic DO: Lending Interest Rate data was reported at 15.084 % pa in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.877 % pa for 2015. Dominican Republic DO: Lending Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 19.945 % pa from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2016, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.634 % pa in 2004 and a record low of 12.137 % pa in 2010. Dominican Republic DO: Lending Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

Dominican Republic DO: Deposit Interest Rate data was reported at 7.181 % pa in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.561 % pa for 2015. Dominican Republic DO: Deposit Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 10.348 % pa from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2016, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.117 % pa in 2004 and a record low of 4.856 % pa in 2010. Dominican Republic DO: Deposit Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Deposit interest rate is the rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

Monthly and long-term Japan Interest Rate data: historical series and analyst forecasts curated by FocusEconomics.

Dominican Republic DO: Real Interest Rate data was reported at 14.089 % pa in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 14.145 % pa for 2015. Dominican Republic DO: Real Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 12.035 % pa from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2016, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.428 % pa in 1999 and a record low of -8.633 % pa in 2004. Dominican Republic DO: Real Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. The terms and conditions attached to lending rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files using World Bank data on the GDP deflator.; ;

Interest is charged if payment is not received by the due date. Remember: if the due date falls on a weekend or holiday, your payment is due the next working day.

The Ministry of Finance also applies interest to amounts the ministry owes to individuals and corporations.

Tax interest is compounded daily and interest rates are reset every 3 months.

Note: Provincial land tax interest rates are not reset every three months. Provincial land tax interest rates are summarized on the "https://www.ontario.ca/document/provincial-land-tax">provincial land tax webpage.

Note: Interest rates do not apply to the Estate Administration Tax Act, 1998.

Current interest rates (October 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025):

• 8% on taxes you owe to the ministry
• 2% on taxes you overpaid
• 5% on taxes or refunds you are eligible for as a result of a successful appeal or objection
• 6% on late International Fuel Tax Agreement payments
• 6% on International Fuel Tax Agreement refunds the ministry has not paid you within 90 days

You can download the dataset to view the historical tax interest rates.

Non-Resident Speculation Tax (NRST)

(1) Interest on tax you overpaid begins to accrue 40 business days after a complete NRST rebate or refund application is received by the Ministry of Finance to the date the rebate or refund is paid.

(2) On refunds you are eligible for as a result of a successful appeal or objection of a NRST refund/rebate disallowance, the interest rate is the same rate as though you had overpaid and will begin to accrue 40 business days after a complete NRST rebate or refund application is received by the Ministry of Finance to the date the rebate or refund is paid. Refunds as a result of a successful appeal or objection of NRST that was paid pursuant to a Notice of Assessment, interest will accrue at the higher appeals/objection rate, beginning to accrue from the date of payment to the date the rebate or refund is paid.

An important indicator of the financial strength of a governmental entity is its bond rating. The bond rating is similar to the credit score of an individual – the higher the score, the better the ability to borrow money to finance purchases at a lower interest rate. Similarly, the higher the bond rating for a governmental entity, the more opportunities to borrow money for capital needs at lower interest rates. A high bond rating is an excellent indicator of the overall financial health of a government.This measure is obtained each year when the city seeks to issue bonds to finance its’ projects. As part of this process, bond ratings are always obtained from the rating agencies: Standard & Poor’s. Fitch Ratings and Moody's Investor Service. This page provides data for the Bond Rating performance measure. Bond ratings are a reflection of the financial strength of an entity. A high rating means an entity can issue bonds to finance capital projects at lower interest rates; lower rates result in less interest to be paid on the repayment of the bonds. Ultimately, this lowers the costs of our capital projects to our taxpayers. The performance measure dashboard is available at 5.04 Bond Rating. Additional Information Source: Standard & Poors, Moody's Investor Service, and Fitch Ratings are the major bond rating agencies in the United States and are widely used by governmental and non-governmental entities throughout the country.Contact: Jerry HartContact E-Mail: Jerry_Hart@tempe.govData Source Type: ExcelPreparation Method: ManualPublish Frequency: AnnuallyPublish Method: ManualData Dictionary

The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Index Time Series for WisdomTree Interest Rate Hedged High Yield Bond Fund. The frequency of the observation is daily. Moving average series are also typically included. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the fund"s total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending) will be invested in the constituent securities of the index and investments that have economic characteristics that are substantially identical to the economic characteristics of such constituent securities. The index is comprised of long and short positions. The fund is non-diversified.

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The raw data that is used in this dataset is the basic OHLC time series dataset for a gold market of the last 20 years collected and verified from different exchanges. This dataset contains over 8677 daily candle prices (rows) and in order to make it wealthy, extra datasets were merged with it to provide more details to each data frame. The sub-datasets contain historical economic information such as interest rates, inflation rates, and others that are highly related and affecting the gold market movement.

Raw dataset:

Time Range: 1988-08-01 to 2023-11-10 Number of data entries: 4050 Number of features: 4 (open, high, low, close OHLC daily candle price)

What are done to prepare this dataset : 1. Starting Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) for all the raw datasets. 2. Find and fill in missing days. 3. Merge all the datasets into one master dataset based on the time index. 4. Verify the merge process. 5. Check and remove Duplicates. 6. Check and fill in missing values. 7. Including the basic technical indicators and price moving averages. 8. Outliers Inspection and treatment by different methods. 9. Adding targets. 10. Feature Analysis to identify the importance of each feature. 11. Final check.

After data preparation and feature engineering:

Time Range: 1999-12-30 to 2023-10-01

Number of data entries: 8677

Number of featuers: 28

Features list: open, high, low, close (OHLC daily candle price) dxy_open, dxy_close, dxy_high, dxy_low, fred_fedfunds, usintr, usiryy (Ecnomic inducators) RSI, MACD, MACD_signal, MACD_hist, ADX, CCI (Technical indicators) ROC SMA_10, SMA_20, EMA_10, EMA_20, SMA_50, EMA_50, SMA_100, SMA_200, EMA_100, EMA_200 (Moving avrages)

Targets List: next_1_day_price next_3_day_price next_7_day_price next_30_day_price next_1_day_Price_Change next_3_day_Price_Change next_7_day_Price_Change next_30_day_Price_Change next_30_day_Price_Change next_1_day_price_direction( Up, Same ,Down) next_3_day_price_direction( Up, Same ,Down) next_7_day_price_direction( Up, Same ,Down) next_30_day_price_direction( Up, Same ,Down)

Abbreviations of Features: dxy = US Dollar Index fred_fedfunds= Effective Federal Funds Rate usintr= US Interest Rate usiryy= US Inflation Rate YOY RSI= Relative Strength Index MACD= Moving Average Convergence Divergence ADX= Avrerage Directional Index CCI=Commodity Channel Index ROC= Rate of Change SMA= Simple Moving Average EMA= Exponential Moving Average

Inflation and its perception by the public are often very different. 🏷 While the Central Bank tracks inflation across a wide range of goods, people typically don't buy all of them every day. 💡 This creates a disconnect between the official inflation data and public perception. But is there a correlation between the two? 🤔

This dataset explores the relationship between inflation as reported by the Central Bank of Russia and inflation expectations as captured in surveys conducted by ВЦИОМ (All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center). 📈 By analyzing both sources of data, we can understand how Russians feel about inflation and how their perception compares with the official statistics.

🗓 Dataset Overview:

• Survey Data: 💬 Data collected from surveys asking Russian citizens about their perception of inflation. The survey categorizes inflation into three levels: "Very High," "Moderate," and "Low."

• Central Bank Data: 🏦 Official data published by the Central Bank of Russia, including year-on-year inflation rates and key interest rates.

Inflation Perception Index: 🔢 The perception index is calculated using a weighted average of survey responses:

Index = ( Very High Inflation × 0.9 + Moderate Inflation × 0.5 + Low Inflation × 0.1) / Count without "I don’t know"

📅 Data Collection:

• Survey Data Source: 📊 ВЦИОМ (All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center) conducts regular surveys on inflation perceptions among Russian citizens. The survey data captures public sentiment on inflation in the last month or two.

• Inflation Data Source: 🏛 Central Bank of Russia provides official inflation statistics (year-on-year) and the key interest rate, which are critical for evaluating economic stability. The inflation target is also included in the dataset.

🧮 Key Columns:

• Date 📅: The date corresponding to each data entry.

• Key Rate, % per year 💰: The official interest rate set by the Central Bank of Russia.

• Inflation, % year-on-year 📉: The year-on-year inflation rate reported by the Central Bank.

• Inflation Target 🎯: The official target for inflation set by the Central Bank.

• Survey Responses 🗣: Data from survey questions about inflation perceptions:

  • Very High Inflation (Survey) 🚨

  • Moderate Inflation (Survey) 📊

  • Low Inflation (Survey) 🌱

  • I do not know (Survey) 🤷‍♂️

• Perception Index 🔢: The calculated index reflecting the general perception of inflation among Russians.

📈 Potential Use Cases:

• Economic Research 📚: Analyze the correlation between official inflation rates and public sentiment regarding inflation.

• Policy Evaluation 📊: Assess the effectiveness of the Central Bank's monetary policies in influencing public perceptions of inflation.

• Forecasting 🔮: Build predictive models for inflation expectations based on public sentiment and official statistics.

• Public Sentiment Analysis 💬: Explore how perceptions of inflation impact consumer behavior and business strategies.

📚 Acknowledgments:

Data Sources: 🏦 Central Bank of Russia (CBR) | 📊 ВЦИОМ (Survey Data)

Dominican Republic DO: Interest Rate Spread data was reported at 7.903 % pa in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.316 % pa for 2015. Dominican Republic DO: Interest Rate Spread data is updated yearly, averaging 8.865 % pa from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2016, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.517 % pa in 2004 and a record low of 7.176 % pa in 2014. Dominican Republic DO: Interest Rate Spread data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to private sector customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; Median;